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TODO: Read through Lessons from the Canterbury earthquake sequence

TODO: Read through Responses to the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission recommendations.^[1]

References

^ "Responses to the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission recommendations" (PDF). Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

[1] "Responses to the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission recommendations" (PDF). Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

[1]

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 TODO: Read through ''Responses to the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission recommendations''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2017 |title=Responses to the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission recommendations |url=https://www.mbie.govt.nz/assets/27c53c4193/responses-cerc-recommendations.pdf |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=[[Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment]]}}</ref>
-== Otago/Dunedin earthquake background ==
-Eastern Otago is considered "tectontically stable", meaning that the area does not experience many earthquakes, with most earthquakes being felt there originating in [[Fiordland]], which is "highly active". Near Dunedin is the [[Akatore Fault]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=R. D. |last2=Kean |first2=R. J. |date=1974-09-30 |title=The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April 1974: Part 1: seismological studies |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230 |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=115–122 |doi=10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.115-122 |issn=2324-1543}}</ref> and the [[Green Island Fault]].
-In the 70 years before 1974, Dunedin had experience at least four earthquakes measuring at least MM V.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=D. G. |date=1974-09-30 |title=The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April, 1974: Part 2: local effects |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1231 |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.123-129 |issn=2324-1543}}</ref>
-== 1974 Dunedin earthquake ==
-Dunedin was hit by an earthquake at about 7.49pm on 9 April 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Gorman |first=Paul |date=14 July 2016 |title=Could Dunedin be hit by a large, local earthquake? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/81763237/could-dunedin-be-hit-by-a-large-local-earthquake |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> Another earthquake struck the city a few seconds later, which was longer and stronger.<ref name=":1" /> It was magnitude 4.9 (there is scientific debate about whether it was 4.9 or 5.0<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Gorman |first=Paul |date=26 September 2020 |title=The day the earth moved |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/day-earth-moved |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[The Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref>)<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=18 September 2010 |title=The last good shake |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/last-good-shake |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Magnitude 4.9, Tue Apr 9 1974 7:49 PM |url=https://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/1555709 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[GeoNet]] |language=en}}</ref> and measured VIII (''Severe'') or VII (''Very strong'') on the [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]] (sources vary),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Littlewood |first=Matthew |date=8 April 2024 |title=Information event to commemorate earthquake |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/information-event-commemorate-earthquake |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> and had an epicentre that was offshore, about 5 kilometres south of the suburb of [[St Clair, New Zealand|St Clair]],<ref name=":1" /> and had a depth of 12 or 20 kilometres.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=The Dunedin Earthquake, 9 April 1974 Part 1 |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230/1194 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> This one caused power outages and chimneys to fall down,<ref name=":1" /> and an overloaded telephone system. It was also reported to have caused broken windows and cracks in "a number" of buildings.<ref name=":2" /> There were aftershocks at 8.20pm and 9.50pm, which a magnitude 3.7.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> It took about 45 minutes for power to be restored to [[Corstorphine, New Zealand|Corstorphine]].<ref name=":2" /> Seismologists are not entirely sure which fault the earthquake was located on.<ref name=":3" /> It is believed to have been on the [[Green Island Fault]], as it is the closest to the epicentre.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> A peak ground acceleration of 0.27g was measured in St Clair.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />
-The Earthquake and War Damage Commission received about 3,000 damage claims,<ref name=":1" /> and paid out about $3.5 million (in 2024 terms),<ref name=":0" /> which is "extraordinarily large" for an earthquake of this magnitude,<ref name=":5" /> and was the highest since the [[1968 Inangahua earthquake]].<ref name=":8" /> The claims were mainly about falling chimneys and masonry,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 2005 |title=Seismic Risk in the Otago Region |url=https://www.orc.govt.nz/media/2907/seismic-risk-in-the-otago-region-with-maps.pdf |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[Otago Regional Council]] |pages=21-22}}</ref> with chimney damage being "consistent and widespread" in the "southern suburbs of the alluvium between Otago Peninsula and St Clair" according to Adams and Keans, and occurred throughout the rest of the city but in lower numbers.<ref name=":4" /> Claims also included plumbing damage interior plaster being cracked.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Bricks fell out of [[Knox Church, Dunedin|Knox Church]].<ref name=":3" /> Damage was mostly minor.<ref name=":2" />
-On the 50th anniversary of the earthquake an event was held, which included a short film about the earthquake, which was made by a student of Otago University.<ref name=":0" />
-As of 1990, it is the strongest earthquake to hit Dunedin since it was founded in the 1840s.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> It was also the first Dunedin earthquake to cause widespread damage.<ref name=":5" />
-False alarms from automatic warning systems caused all of Dunedin's available fire appliances to be dispatched.<ref name=":3" />
-Described as "sharp" and having a "strong vertical motion".<ref name=":5" />
-The amount of stock fallen from shelves in shops were surveyed.<ref name=":5" /> For?
-Most claims from houses.<ref name=":5" />
-== Side note: 1957 Dunedin earthquake ==
-After the earthquake on 2 December 1957, the ''[[Otago Daily Times]]'' reported that "a rumour quickly spread that a Russian satellite had landed on St Clair beach. After receiving many telephone calls, a group of reporters hastened to investigate, but only a blank stretch of sand and the rolling ocean greeted them."<ref name=":3" />
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
+*
-== External links ==
-* [https://data.gns.cri.nz/rgmad/tiles/51201-52620/52615/openlayers.html Map of damage in shops] by GNS Science