Special Transcaucasian Committee: Difference between revisions
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Soviets also sprang up throughout the area and, in time, organized an influential Regional Center at [[Tiflis]], using the loyalty of the Russian Armenians. [[Hakob Zavriev]] was instrumental in having Ozakom issue a decree about the administration of the occupied territories. This region was officially identified as ''"the land of [[Western Armenia|Turkish Armenia]]"'' and transferred to a civilian rule under Zavriev, who oversaw districts Trebizon, Erzurum, Bitlis, and Van.<ref>Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient To Modern Times. page 284</ref> Each of the districts under [[Administration for Western Armenia]] had their own Armenian governor, with Armenian civil officials. |
Soviets also sprang up throughout the area and, in time, organized an influential Regional Center at [[Tiflis]], using the loyalty of the Russian Armenians. [[Hakob Zavriev]] was instrumental in having Ozakom issue a decree about the administration of the occupied territories. This region was officially identified as ''"the land of [[Western Armenia|Turkish Armenia]]"'' and transferred to a civilian rule under Zavriev, who oversaw districts Trebizon, Erzurum, Bitlis, and Van.<ref>Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient To Modern Times. page 284</ref> Each of the districts under [[Administration for Western Armenia]] had their own Armenian governor, with Armenian civil officials. |
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In November 1917, the first government of the independent Transcaucasia was created in Tbilisi as the "[[Transcaucasian Commissariat]] (Sejm)" replaced "Transcaucasian Committee" following the [[October Revolution|Bolshevik seizure of power in Saint Petersburg]]. It was headed by a |
In November 1917, the first government of the independent Transcaucasia was created in Tbilisi as the "[[Transcaucasian Commissariat]] (Sejm)" replaced "Transcaucasian Committee" following the [[October Revolution|Bolshevik seizure of power in Saint Petersburg]]. It was headed by a [[Social Democratic Party of Georgia|Georgian Menshevik]] [[Nikolay Chkheidze]]. On December 5, 1917, this new "Transcaucasian Committee" given the endorsement to [[Armistice of Erzincan]] that was signed with the Ottoman command of the [[Third Army (Ottoman Empire)|Third Army]].<ref> [[Tadeusz Swietochowski]], ''Russian Azerbaijan 1905–1920'', page 119</ref> This was followed with what is known as Trabzon peace negotiations. On February 10, 1918, the Sejm gathered and made the decision to establish independence. On February 24, 1918, Sejm proclaimed Transcaucasia independent under [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]]. Headed by the Georgian Social Democrat Evgeni Gegechkori, Transcaucasian Commissariat was anti-Bolshevik in its political goals and sought the separation of Transcaucasia from [[Bolshevik Russia]]. |
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[[File:Caucasus 1917 ATD project map.png|thumb|A project to change the internal borders of the Transcaucasian region, which was proposed in 1917 by the Special Commission under the Ministry of Internal Affairs created by the Provisional Government.]] |
[[File:Caucasus 1917 ATD project map.png|thumb|A project to change the internal borders of the Transcaucasian region, which was proposed in 1917 by the Special Commission under the Ministry of Internal Affairs created by the Provisional Government.]] |
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The committee ignored the Social Democratic hegemony in the region and provoked the Soviets to demand its abolition.<ref>Rogovin Frankel, ''Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917'', page 254.</ref> |
The committee ignored the Social Democratic hegemony in the region and provoked the Soviets to demand its abolition.<ref>Rogovin Frankel, ''Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917'', page 254.</ref> |
Revision as of 09:35, 22 September 2024
Special Transcaucasian Committee Особый Закавказский Комитет Osobyi Zakavkazskii Komitet | |||||||||||
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Autonomous area of Russia | |||||||||||
1917 | |||||||||||
Capital | Tiflis (now Tbilisi) | ||||||||||
Government | |||||||||||
• Type | Autonomous committee of the Provisional Government | ||||||||||
Chairman | |||||||||||
• 1917 | Vasily Kharlamov | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Established | 9 March 1917 | ||||||||||
• Transcaucasian Commissariat declared | 11 November 1917 | ||||||||||
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The Special Transcaucasian Committee (Russian: Особый Закавказский Комитет Osobyi Zakavkazskii Komitet (OZaKom, Ozakom or OZAKOM)) was established on March 9, 1917, after the February Revolution, with Member of the State Duma V. A. Kharlamov as Chairman, to replace the Imperial Viceroy Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich and with special instruction to establish civil administrations in areas occupied in the course of the war on the Caucasian front by the Russian Provisional Government in the Transcaucasus as the highest organ of the civil administrative body. Commissars were appointed for the Terek Oblast and the Kuban Oblast, and these as well as the Committee were to carry on relations with central government institutions through a Commissar for Caucasian Affairs in Petrograd attached to the Provisional Government.
Soviets also sprang up throughout the area and, in time, organized an influential Regional Center at Tiflis, using the loyalty of the Russian Armenians. Hakob Zavriev was instrumental in having Ozakom issue a decree about the administration of the occupied territories. This region was officially identified as "the land of Turkish Armenia" and transferred to a civilian rule under Zavriev, who oversaw districts Trebizon, Erzurum, Bitlis, and Van.[1] Each of the districts under Administration for Western Armenia had their own Armenian governor, with Armenian civil officials.
In November 1917, the first government of the independent Transcaucasia was created in Tbilisi as the "Transcaucasian Commissariat (Sejm)" replaced "Transcaucasian Committee" following the Bolshevik seizure of power in Saint Petersburg. It was headed by a Georgian Menshevik Nikolay Chkheidze. On December 5, 1917, this new "Transcaucasian Committee" given the endorsement to Armistice of Erzincan that was signed with the Ottoman command of the Third Army.[2] This was followed with what is known as Trabzon peace negotiations. On February 10, 1918, the Sejm gathered and made the decision to establish independence. On February 24, 1918, Sejm proclaimed Transcaucasia independent under Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. Headed by the Georgian Social Democrat Evgeni Gegechkori, Transcaucasian Commissariat was anti-Bolshevik in its political goals and sought the separation of Transcaucasia from Bolshevik Russia.
The committee ignored the Social Democratic hegemony in the region and provoked the Soviets to demand its abolition.[3]
Members
The Ozakom was composed of five members:[4]
- Vasily Kharlamov, Chairman, Russian;
- Kita Abashidze, Social-Federalist, Georgian, subsequently replaced by Akaki Chkhenkeli (also Georgian);
- Mammad Yusif Jafarov, Azerbaijani.
- Michael Papadjanian, Armenian.
References
- ^ Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient To Modern Times. page 284
- ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russian Azerbaijan 1905–1920, page 119
- ^ Rogovin Frankel, Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917, page 254.
- ^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1985). Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-26310-7. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
See also
- States and territories established in 1917
- States and territories disestablished in 1917
- Russian Provisional Government
- History of Transcaucasia
- Modern history of Armenia
- Modern history of Azerbaijan
- Modern history of Georgia (country)
- 1910s in Georgia (country)
- 1910s in Armenia
- 1910s in Azerbaijan
- 1917 establishments in Russia
- 1917 disestablishments in Russia
- 1917 establishments in Georgia (country)
- 1917 disestablishments in Georgia (country)
- Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
- Provisional governments
- Russian Revolution
- Post–Russian Empire states
- Georgia (country) history stubs