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===Quakerism===
===Quakerism===
[[File:Elliott & Fry 55, Baker Street, Portman Square, John Bright carte de visite about 1880 front.jpg|thumb|upright|Molesworth's [[Quaker]] colleague, [[John Bright]]]]A few months later (3 March 1840), Howley presented Molesworth to Rochdale. He succeeded the absentee vicar [[William Robert Hay]]. [[English Dissenters|Dissenters]], led by [[John Bright]] - the "daughty [[quaker]] leader" - were campaigning for the abolition of [[church rates]]. Initially battling Bright, Molesworth would eventually support [[Quakerism]], but had to concede that the rates issue was a lost cause. Bright had commended Molesworth's vigorous and determined fight which was not 'surpassed in any other parish in the kingdom'. Molesworth had bore down on the church's leaseholders of its property, who were not to build on the land in line with their covenants, and was then able to promote church building by matching new funds with those of parishioners. Four churches so endowed were added to the existing fourteen.<ref name="DNB"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Rochdale Retrospect |publisher=Rooley Moor Neighbourhood |page=84 |url=https://www.rmnf.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/chapter-vi-rochdale-retrospect-towards-a-municipal-borough-1800-1856.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023 |quote=Small wonder that the Tory and High Church Dr . Molesworth found arrears of work to be made up in the Parish . The population of Lancashire had doubled between 1801 and 1851 : the Age of Reform made serious challenges to the Church, and almost at once Dr . Molesworth found himself battling with the young Liberal and Quaker, John Bright . The most bitter controversy, coming after the centralisation of the Poor Law system, concerned the legality of the church rates, which could only be levied with the consent of the ratepayers .}}</ref>
[[File:Elliott & Fry 55, Baker Street, Portman Square, John Bright carte de visite about 1880 front.jpg|thumb|upright|Molesworth's [[Quaker]] colleague, [[John Bright]]]]A few months later (3 March 1840), Howley presented Molesworth to Rochdale. He succeeded the absentee vicar [[William Robert Hay]]. [[English Dissenters|Dissenters]], led by [[John Bright]] - the "daughty [[quaker]] leader" - were campaigning for the abolition of [[church rates]]. Initially battling Bright, Molesworth would eventually support [[Quakerism]], but had to concede that the rates issue was a lost cause. Bright had commended Molesworth's vigorous and determined fight which was not 'surpassed in any other parish in the kingdom'. Bright was also a friend of Molesworth's son [[William Nassau Molesworth]].{{sfn|Hamilton|1894}}<ref name=PDF>{{Citation| title =Congress Presidents 1869-2002| url =http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf| date =February 2002| accessdate =2008-05-10| url-status =dead| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080528100558/http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf| archivedate =2008-05-28}}</ref> John Molesworth's relentless attack on the church's leaseholders of its property, who were not to build on the land in line with their covenants, resulting in the promotion of church building by matching new funds with those of parishioners. Thus, 'four churches so endowed were added to the existing fourteen'.<ref name="DNB"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Rochdale Retrospect |publisher=Rooley Moor Neighbourhood |page=84 |url=https://www.rmnf.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/chapter-vi-rochdale-retrospect-towards-a-municipal-borough-1800-1856.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023 |quote=Small wonder that the Tory and High Church Dr . Molesworth found arrears of work to be made up in the Parish . The population of Lancashire had doubled between 1801 and 1851 : the Age of Reform made serious challenges to the Church, and almost at once Dr . Molesworth found himself battling with the young Liberal and Quaker, John Bright . The most bitter controversy, coming after the centralisation of the Poor Law system, concerned the legality of the church rates, which could only be levied with the consent of the ratepayers .}}</ref>


Molesworth also rebuilt [[Rochdale Grammar School]] and built parish schools. The value of the living increased with the spread of factories over the vicarage estate, the railway station and the canal terminus. In 1866, when his income had reached £5,000, Molesworth promoted the Rochdale Vicarage Act, by which 13 [[chapels of ease]] became better-endowed parish churches.<ref name="DNB"/>
Molesworth also rebuilt [[Rochdale Grammar School]] and built parish schools. The value of the living increased with the spread of factories over the vicarage estate, the railway station and the canal terminus. In 1866, when his income had reached £5,000, Molesworth promoted the Rochdale Vicarage Act, by which 13 [[chapels of ease]] became better-endowed parish churches.<ref name="DNB"/>

Revision as of 23:09, 12 November 2024

National Portrait Gallery's portrait of Rev. John Edward Nassau Molesworth

John Edward Nassau Molesworth (1790–1877) was an English cleric of High Church views, vicar of Rochdale for around 38 years.

Family background

The great-grandson of Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth, John Edward Nassau Molesworth was born in London on 4 February 1790, only son of John Molesworth and his wife Frances, daughter of Matthew Hill. He was educated under Alexander Crombie of Greenwich. Matriculating at Trinity College, Oxford in 1808, he graduated B.A. in 1812, M.A. in 1817, B.D. and D.D. in 1838.[1][2][3][4][5]

Career

For sixteen years Molesworth was curate of Millbrook, Hampshire. William Howley, approving of Molesworth's first work, presented him in succession to the livings of Wirksworth, Derbyshire (1828), and St. Martin's, Canterbury (1829). He also appointed him one of the Six Preachers at Canterbury; recommended him unsuccessfully for the vicarage of Leeds when Hook was elected, and in 1839 presented him to the vicarage of Minster-in-Thanet.[1]

Quakerism

Molesworth's Quaker colleague, John Bright

A few months later (3 March 1840), Howley presented Molesworth to Rochdale. He succeeded the absentee vicar William Robert Hay. Dissenters, led by John Bright - the "daughty quaker leader" - were campaigning for the abolition of church rates. Initially battling Bright, Molesworth would eventually support Quakerism, but had to concede that the rates issue was a lost cause. Bright had commended Molesworth's vigorous and determined fight which was not 'surpassed in any other parish in the kingdom'. Bright was also a friend of Molesworth's son William Nassau Molesworth.[6][7] John Molesworth's relentless attack on the church's leaseholders of its property, who were not to build on the land in line with their covenants, resulting in the promotion of church building by matching new funds with those of parishioners. Thus, 'four churches so endowed were added to the existing fourteen'.[1][8]

Molesworth also rebuilt Rochdale Grammar School and built parish schools. The value of the living increased with the spread of factories over the vicarage estate, the railway station and the canal terminus. In 1866, when his income had reached £5,000, Molesworth promoted the Rochdale Vicarage Act, by which 13 chapels of ease became better-endowed parish churches.[1]

On a number of fronts, Molesworth wrote controversial letters and tracts, and he fell out with James Prince Lee, his bishop. The last years of his life were spent in comparative peace. He died on 21 April 1877, and was buried at St. Martin's, Castleton Moor. His views and character resembled those of Walter Farquhar Hook.[1]

Works

Molesworth wrote a reply to John Davison's Inquiry into the Origin and Intent of Primitive Sacrifice (1826), prompted by Thomas Rennell, Dean of Winchester. At Canterbury, during the period of the Great Reform Bill, his controversial talents were recognised.[1]

Besides sermons and pamphlets, Molesworth published The Rick-burners, a novel. He edited and wrote most of The Penny Sunday Reader for five years. He was a friend of Hugh James Rose, and contributed to The British Magazine and Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, of which Rose was editor.[1]

Family

Molesworth was twice married, firstly in 1825, to Harriet who was both the daughter of W. Mackinnon of Newton Park and the sister of the MP William Alexander Mackinnon and Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Mackinnon. They had six sons and three daughters, among whom were William Nassau Molesworth, engineer Sir Guilford Molesworth and solicitor John Molesworth (died 1886), great-great-grandfather of Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. Harriet Molesworth died in 1850.[3][4]

Secondly, in 1854, Molesworth married Harriett Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Sir Robert Affleck, 4th Baronet, and widow of John Thomas Bridges (died 1853), of St. Nicholas Court, Thanet, and Walmer. This second marriage brought Molesworth a further nine children, and he became in particular the step-father of Robert Bridges.[1][3][9] It followed the marriage of Molesworth's eldest son, Guilford (died 1925) to Maria Bridges, earlier that year. Robert Bridges did not at first find his step-father easy to relate to, but later found him hospitable to his friend Harry Ellis Wooldridge.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). "Molesworth, John Edward Nassau" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  2. ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Molesworth, John (Edward Nassau)" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
  3. ^ a b c Clewlow, Ellie. "Molesworth, John Edward Nassau". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18899. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ a b Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, volume 2, 2003. pages 2721–2731.
  5. ^ "Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage". Kelly's Directories, 1973 – Gentry, page 781. 1973. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  6. ^ Hamilton 1894.
  7. ^ Congress Presidents 1869-2002 (PDF), February 2002, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008, retrieved 10 May 2008
  8. ^ Rochdale Retrospect (PDF). Rooley Moor Neighbourhood. p. 84. Retrieved 13 November 2023. Small wonder that the Tory and High Church Dr . Molesworth found arrears of work to be made up in the Parish . The population of Lancashire had doubled between 1801 and 1851 : the Age of Reform made serious challenges to the Church, and almost at once Dr . Molesworth found himself battling with the young Liberal and Quaker, John Bright . The most bitter controversy, coming after the centralisation of the Poor Law system, concerned the legality of the church rates, which could only be levied with the consent of the ratepayers .
  9. ^ Phillips, Catherine. "Bridges, Robert Seymour". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32066. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  10. ^ Phillips, Catherine (1992). Robert Bridges: A biography. Oxford University Press. pp. 10–12, 77. ISBN 0192122517.
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). "Molesworth, John Edward Nassau". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

References

Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hamilton, John Andrew (1894). "Molesworth, William Nassau". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

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