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{{short description| |
{{short description|Bangladeshi politician and lawyer}} |
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{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2019}} |
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| image = Adv F Karim & Mrs N Karim 2.jpg |
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| native_name = ওয়ালীদ এহসানুল করিম |
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| caption = Advocate Karim with his wife |
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| birth_name = Fazlul Karim Hridoy |
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| caption = Flg. Officer Waleed kneeling in front of his [[North American F-86 Sabre]] jet fighter, {{circa|1964}} |
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| allegiance = {{flag|Pakistan}} |
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|resting_place = Harbang, Chakaria, [[Cox's Bazar]] |
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| branch = {{air force|Pakistan}} |
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|resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|21.845921|N|92.058782|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| nickname = Willy |
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|nationality = [[British India]]n, Pakistani, Bangladeshi |
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| serviceyears = 1963–1965 |
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|other_names = |
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| rank = [[File:Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg|15px]] [[Flying Officer]] |
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|known_for = tourism development in [[East Pakistan]], Municipal Tax Law Development |
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| servicenumber = PAK-4362 |
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|education = [[Chittagong College]], [[Presidency College, Kolkata]] |
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| unit = [[No. 17 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)|17th Squadron (''The Tigers'')]] |
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|employer = |
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| battles = [[Operation Desert Hawk|Rann of Kutch Conflict]]{{KIA}} |
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|occupation = Lawyer, politician |
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| signature = Waleed_Signature.JPG |
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|title = Moulvi |
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|predecessor = |
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|successor = |
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|party = [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]], Independent |
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|boards = |
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|spouse = Nazmunnisa Chowdhurani |
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|children = 4 |
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|website = |
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'''Fazlul Karim''' ({{langx|bn|ফজলুল করিম}}; September 14, 1905 – May 24, 1986) was a Bangladeshi lawyer, businessman, politician and soldier. He was the first mayor of [[Cox's Bazar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Cos'x Bazer beach|url= http://www.oiiotours.com/spot/cox-bazar-sea-beach-1}}</ref> |
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'''Waleed Ehsanul Karim '''({{langx|bn|ওয়ালীদ এহসানুল করিম}}),({{langx|ur|ولید احسان الکریم}}; 1 July 1944 – 19 April 1965) was a [[fighter pilot]] in the [[Pakistan Air Force]] and one of the youngest [[North American F-86 Sabre|F-86 Sabre]] pilots in the world.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ|title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950-1972|last=Bowman|first=Martin|date=2016-01-30|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=9781473874626|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Early life== |
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Fazlul Karim was born in [[Harbang]], a village in [[Cox's Bazar District|Cox's Bazar district]] in the province of Bengal, to Golam Quader Shikdar, a village leader and Feroza Begum on 14 September 1905. He was the elder son in a family of seven daughters and three sons. Fazlul was educated at the Harbang Union School and later moved to [[Government Muslim High School]] in [[Chittagong]], from where he completed his matriculation. He had passed his Intermediate with science from [[Chittagong College]] and completed his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] and [[B.L.]] from [[Presidency College, Kolkata]] in 1923 and 1925 respectively. |
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Karim was born on 1 July 1944 to [[Fazlul Karim (lawyer)|Fazlul Karim]] and Nazmunnisa Chowdhurani in [[Harbang]], [[Chakaria Upazila|Chakaria]], [[Cox's Bazar]], [[British Raj|British India]] (later [[East Pakistan]], now [[Bangladesh]]). He completed his [[Senior Cambridge]] ([[General Certificate of Education|GCE]]) from [[PAF College Sargodha|PAF Public School Sargodha]] in April 1961 (5th Entry, Sabre House) and joined the [[Pakistan Air Force]] in August 1961. Before that he completed his Class 6 in [[Chittagong Collegiate School and College|Chittagong Collegiate School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= Waleed Ehsanul Karim|url= https://prabook.com/web/waleed_ehsanul.karim/1777591}}</ref>. |
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He started his practice as a lawyer in [[Calcutta]] Judges Court as junior lawyer of Barrister [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], who used to appoint him to deal with his civil cases in the lower courts. He found his practice as a junior lawyer so lucrative that he refused to become a [[Munsif]] when he was offered a post by the Lieutenant Governor. After completion of his B.A exams he joined the [[Writers' Building]] (from 1923 to 1926) as the infamous Police Commissioner [[Sir Charles Augustus Tegart]]'s Bengali translator; as he was fluent in both [[Urdu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]], he had to translate news from vernacular newspapers for Sir Tegart and Colonel Simpson's perusal. Neither suspected that he was sympathetic to [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]. Colonel Simpson was killed in a daring attack on Writers' Building by Bengali Militants. Karim was present in that particular room, and the two militants did not harm him. But Sir Tegart managed to escape and mount an assault on the militants, who tried to commit suicide. Karim was also accompanying Tegart on January 12, 1924 during an attempt by [[Gopinath Saha]] on Tegart's life, at [[Chowringhee Road]] in Calcutta. Later, Karim returned to Cox's Bazar completing his survey course from [[Savar]], [[Dhaka]] and started his practice in Cox's Bazar Judges Court. He had much interest in historical legal cases. He observed the entire [[Bhawal case|Bhawal Raja case]] staying at Dhaka. |
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==Cadet in the PAF== |
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He gained commission with the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) on 22 June 1963 in the 36th GD(P) Course with serial number PAK-4362, and being the [[Officer cadet|Wing Under Officer]]<ref name="The First Kill">{{Cite web |title= The first kill |
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|url=http://www.airdefence.in/history/the-first-kill/}}</ref>, was a candidate for the [[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Sword of Honour]], but did not end up receiving it. In a debate at the [[Pakistan Air Force Academy|PAF Academy]] in [[Risalpur]], Karim passionately advocated for the [[Bengali language movement|Language Movement of 1952]], which compelled the [[Government of Pakistan]] to establish [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as an official language on par with [[Urdu]] and [[English language|English]], which were the official and mainstream languages in [[West Pakistan]]. He was later nominated and became known as the captain of the [[basketball]] team at the academy. [[Flight lieutenant|Flight Lt.]] [[Matiur Rahman (military pilot)|Matiur Rahman]] (later recipient of the [[Bir Sreshtho]] in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|1971 Bangladesh Liberation War]]) and [[Air vice-marshal|Air Vice-Marshal]] [[Momtaz Uddin Ahmed]] were his classmates in both [[PAF College Sargodha|Sargodha]] and Risalpur. |
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[[File:P O Waleed E Karim with other pilots 2.jpg|thumb|left|Waleed Ehsanul Karim, [[Matiur Rahman (military pilot)|Matiur Rahman]] and [[Momtaz Uddin Ahmed]] alongside fellow cadets at [[Pakistan Air Force Academy|PAF Academy Risalpur]] ({{Circa|1960s}})]] |
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[[File:Waleed Ehsanul Karim.jpg|thumb|left|Karim in front of his F-86 Sabre ({{Circa|1965}})]] |
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==Career== |
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==Fighter pilot in the PAF== |
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Following his commission, Karim was posted with the No. 2 Squadron at [[PAF Base Masroor]] in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[West Pakistan]]. After successfully completing Jet Conversion Training on [[Lockheed T-33|T-33 jet trainers]], he was designated for a Fighter Conversion Training Course with the [[North American F-86 Sabre]] (a relatively new aircraft being delivered by the [[United States]] to [[Pakistan]] since the late 1950s), following which he was posted with the No. 19 Squadron in [[Peshawar]] due to his strong performance. |
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[[File:Advocate Fazlul Karim.jpg|thumb|left|Fazlul Karim in National Guard Uniform]] |
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Karim was famous amongst personnel in the PAF for the daring stunts he performed with his F-86 Sabre, and also took part in the [[Pakistan Day|Republic Day]] flybys in [[Rawalpindi]] on 23 March 1965 as a [[wingman]] alongside [[Air marshal|Air Marshal]] [[Asghar Khan]] (then [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]]) and [[Air commodore|Air Commodore]] [[Zafar Chaudhry]] in [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter]]s. |
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* Pakistan National Guards: Fazlul Karim was appointed in the then 22nd Battalion of [[Pakistan]] National Guards as Lieutenant under the command of [[Major General]] [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]] and later promoted as [[Captain (land and air)|Captain]]. He was the Officer In Charge (OC) of a [[platoon]] of 22nd National Guards, which was posted at Cox's Bazar. When the National Guard was converted into the [[Bangladesh Ansar]]s (then East Pakistan Ansars), he left the job and joined in the political group, the [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]]. |
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* Chairman of Cox's Bazar Municipality: Advocate Fazlul Karim was elected chairman of Cox's Bazar in 1950 (first after independence from British Raj) from Muslim League and later in 1954 as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Cos'x Bazer|url=https://www.chittagongchamber.com/place_details.php?article_id=5}}</ref> He had established the [[Tamarisk]] Forest along the beach to draw tourist in this town and also to protect the beach from [[storm surge]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Tourism in Cos'x Bazer|url= https://www.bangladoot-paris.org/index.php/2013-06-03-11-28-34/tourism/beaches/cox-s-bazar-sea-beach.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= History of Cos'x Bazer|url= https://sway.com/s/7nKrK47choTKxmVY/embed}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= History of Cos'x Bazer beach|url= https://www.nktravelandtourism.com/coxs_hst.php}}</ref> He also donated many of his father in law's and his own lands for establishing a public library and a town hall for the town. He was inspired to make Cox's Bazar to make a tourist spot after seeing beaches of [[Bombay]] and [[Karachi]], and one of the pioneers in developing Cox's Bazar as such.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cox's Bazar: Harnessing the potential of marnine drive |
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|url= https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/coxs-bazar-harnessing-the-potential-of-marnine-drive |work=The Financial Express |date=10 May 2017}}</ref> |
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He founded a maternity hospital, the stadium and the drainage system by procuring grants from the [[Ford Foundation]] and [[Rockefeller Foundation]] through correspondence. Mr. T. H. Mathewman, the principal of the Dacca Engineering College (1951~1954) was his friend who had helped him in doing this. Engineer Chandi Charan Das was the government civil engineer who had worked on all these projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title= History of Cox|url= https://www.academia.edu/19125103|last1= Azam|first1= Kawser}}</ref> |
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* Chief Assessor, Chittagong Municipality: He then joined Chittagong Municipality as Chief Assessor for Taxes and developed the method and calculation for Municipal Taxes for the Municipalities of West and East Pakistan (still maintained in Bangladesh Municipalities). |
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== Rann Of Kutch Conflict == |
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* Chief Estate Officer, Chittagong Port Authority: He was appointed as Chief Estate Officer of the Chittagong Port Authority in 1966 and was the pioneer in dividing the estates of Railway and Port Authority in East Pakistan. |
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{{main|Operation Desert Hawk}} |
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* Pleader Commissioner, Chittagong Judges Court: After retirement from the Port Authority he served as Pleader Commissioner in the Chittagong Judges Court till the last day of his life. He was famous for his honesty and fair decision for land division in the courts of East Pakistan and Bangladesh. |
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Karim was killed on 19 April 1965, during skirmishes with [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian forces]] in the [[Rann of Kutch]]<ref name="The First Kill" /> that directly preceded the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. His [[North American F-86 Sabre]], which was hit by Indian [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]] early in the morning, had serious engine trouble and plunged into the [[Arabian Sea]] about 10–15 miles off of the southern coast of [[Karachi]] at night as he was returning from a [[reconnaissance]] mission over [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=atLHDgAAQBAJ&dq=Waleed+Ehsanul+Karim+shot+by+Indian+air+defence+artillery&pg=PT8 |title= Baptism Under Fire: Anti Aircraft Artillery in India Pakistan War 1965 |last= Singh |first= Mandeep |date=2017-09-05 |publisher= Vij Books India |isbn= 978-9386457127 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tRnhDwAAQBAJ&dq=Waleed+Ehsanul+Karim&pg=PA69 |title= Anti-Aircraft Artillery in Combat, 1950–1972: Air Defence in the Jet Age|last= Singh |first= Mandeep |date=2020-04-30|publisher= Open Road Integrated Media |isbn= 978-1526762115|language=en}}</ref>He had engaged the [[Indian Army]] in strafing runs throughout the Rann of Kutch and dropped smoke bombs during the daytime to [[Smoke screen|screen]] attacks by [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani infantry]]. Neither his body nor his aircraft were recovered, although part of the rudder from the F-86 was found about two months after the incident and subsequently retrieved. He was a fighter pilot with the 17th Squadron (''The Tigers'') of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] when he died, and [[Air marshal|Air Marshal]] [[Azim Daudpota]] was his squadron leader at the time. |
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== Personal life == |
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He was the first Muslim graduate in the Cox's Bazar district. At the age of thirty, Fazlul married Nazmunnisa Chowdhurani, elder daughter of [[Zamindar]] Akbar Ahmed Chowdhury and granddaughter of Kiwk Zamindar Fazal Karim Chowdhury of Manikpur, Chakaria, Cox's Bazar in 1935. She gave birth to their four sons — Murad B.Z. Karim (an accountant), [[Brigadier General]] Khaled A. Karim (Ex-Director Army Signals), [[Flying Officer]] Shaheed [[Waleed Ehsanul Karim]], and Zaid N. Karim. He had suffered for sheltering the Bangladesh [[Mukti Bahini]] at his home during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] of 1971. His wife used to supply flags for the Mukti Bahini. On 24 May 1986, Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim died at the age of 81 years in his Jamal Khan Road residence at Chittagong. He was buried at the family graveyard at Harbang, Chakaria. |
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* [[Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* History of Cox's Bazar by Advocate Dulal Chowdhury, Printed 1987, Page 45, 47 and 75 |
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* Coksho Bazarer Itihash by Prof Nur Ahmed, May 1988 |
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* Smaraniyo Baraniyo (Chakaria-Pekua) by Anowar Hossain, Printed Sept 2003, Page 77 and 81 |
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{{Authority control}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commonscat}} |
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*[http://www.banglavasha.com/geography.php?action=browse&option=district&name=Cox's%20Bazar Cox's Bazar] |
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*[http://www.sargodhians.com/ Old Sargodhians] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Karim, |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karim, Fazlul}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1905 births]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1986 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Mayors of places in Pakistan]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Chittagong College alumni]] |
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[[Category:PAF College Sargodha alumni]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]] |
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]] |
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[[Category:People from Cox's Bazar District]] |
[[Category:People from Cox's Bazar District]] |
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[[Category:People from Harbang]] |
[[Category:People from Harbang]] |
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[[Category:Chittagong Collegiate School and College alumni]] |
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Revision as of 05:18, 8 December 2024
Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim | |
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 Advocate Karim with his wife | |
| Born | Fazlul Karim Hridoy September 14, 1905 |
| Died | May 24, 1986 (aged 80) |
| Resting place | Harbang, Chakaria, Cox's Bazar 21°50′45″N 92°03′32″E / 21.845921°N 92.058782°E |
| Nationality | British Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi |
| Education | Chittagong College, Presidency College, Kolkata |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer, politician |
| Known for | tourism development in East Pakistan, Municipal Tax Law Development |
| Title | Moulvi |
| Political party | Muslim League, Independent |
| Spouse | Nazmunnisa Chowdhurani |
| Children | 4 |
| Relatives | Colonel Dr. M. M. Rahman (Youngest Brother)(Ex-Director Bangladesh Army Medical Corp), Lt Col Mohammad Ziauddin Bir Uttom (nephew), |
Fazlul Karim (Bengali: ফজলুল করিম; September 14, 1905 – May 24, 1986) was a Bangladeshi lawyer, businessman, politician and soldier. He was the first mayor of Cox's Bazar.[1]
Early life
Fazlul Karim was born in Harbang, a village in Cox's Bazar district in the province of Bengal, to Golam Quader Shikdar, a village leader and Feroza Begum on 14 September 1905. He was the elder son in a family of seven daughters and three sons. Fazlul was educated at the Harbang Union School and later moved to Government Muslim High School in Chittagong, from where he completed his matriculation. He had passed his Intermediate with science from Chittagong College and completed his B.A. and B.L. from Presidency College, Kolkata in 1923 and 1925 respectively.
He started his practice as a lawyer in Calcutta Judges Court as junior lawyer of Barrister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, who used to appoint him to deal with his civil cases in the lower courts. He found his practice as a junior lawyer so lucrative that he refused to become a Munsif when he was offered a post by the Lieutenant Governor. After completion of his B.A exams he joined the Writers' Building (from 1923 to 1926) as the infamous Police Commissioner Sir Charles Augustus Tegart's Bengali translator; as he was fluent in both Urdu and Bengali, he had to translate news from vernacular newspapers for Sir Tegart and Colonel Simpson's perusal. Neither suspected that he was sympathetic to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Colonel Simpson was killed in a daring attack on Writers' Building by Bengali Militants. Karim was present in that particular room, and the two militants did not harm him. But Sir Tegart managed to escape and mount an assault on the militants, who tried to commit suicide. Karim was also accompanying Tegart on January 12, 1924 during an attempt by Gopinath Saha on Tegart's life, at Chowringhee Road in Calcutta. Later, Karim returned to Cox's Bazar completing his survey course from Savar, Dhaka and started his practice in Cox's Bazar Judges Court. He had much interest in historical legal cases. He observed the entire Bhawal Raja case staying at Dhaka.
Career
- Pakistan National Guards: Fazlul Karim was appointed in the then 22nd Battalion of Pakistan National Guards as Lieutenant under the command of Major General Ayub Khan and later promoted as Captain. He was the Officer In Charge (OC) of a platoon of 22nd National Guards, which was posted at Cox's Bazar. When the National Guard was converted into the Bangladesh Ansars (then East Pakistan Ansars), he left the job and joined in the political group, the Muslim League.
- Chairman of Cox's Bazar Municipality: Advocate Fazlul Karim was elected chairman of Cox's Bazar in 1950 (first after independence from British Raj) from Muslim League and later in 1954 as an independent candidate.[2] He had established the Tamarisk Forest along the beach to draw tourist in this town and also to protect the beach from storm surges.[3][4][5] He also donated many of his father in law's and his own lands for establishing a public library and a town hall for the town. He was inspired to make Cox's Bazar to make a tourist spot after seeing beaches of Bombay and Karachi, and one of the pioneers in developing Cox's Bazar as such.[6]
He founded a maternity hospital, the stadium and the drainage system by procuring grants from the Ford Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation through correspondence. Mr. T. H. Mathewman, the principal of the Dacca Engineering College (1951~1954) was his friend who had helped him in doing this. Engineer Chandi Charan Das was the government civil engineer who had worked on all these projects.[7]
- Chief Assessor, Chittagong Municipality: He then joined Chittagong Municipality as Chief Assessor for Taxes and developed the method and calculation for Municipal Taxes for the Municipalities of West and East Pakistan (still maintained in Bangladesh Municipalities).
- Chief Estate Officer, Chittagong Port Authority: He was appointed as Chief Estate Officer of the Chittagong Port Authority in 1966 and was the pioneer in dividing the estates of Railway and Port Authority in East Pakistan.
- Pleader Commissioner, Chittagong Judges Court: After retirement from the Port Authority he served as Pleader Commissioner in the Chittagong Judges Court till the last day of his life. He was famous for his honesty and fair decision for land division in the courts of East Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Personal life
He was the first Muslim graduate in the Cox's Bazar district. At the age of thirty, Fazlul married Nazmunnisa Chowdhurani, elder daughter of Zamindar Akbar Ahmed Chowdhury and granddaughter of Kiwk Zamindar Fazal Karim Chowdhury of Manikpur, Chakaria, Cox's Bazar in 1935. She gave birth to their four sons — Murad B.Z. Karim (an accountant), Brigadier General Khaled A. Karim (Ex-Director Army Signals), Flying Officer Shaheed Waleed Ehsanul Karim, and Zaid N. Karim. He had suffered for sheltering the Bangladesh Mukti Bahini at his home during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. His wife used to supply flags for the Mukti Bahini. On 24 May 1986, Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim died at the age of 81 years in his Jamal Khan Road residence at Chittagong. He was buried at the family graveyard at Harbang, Chakaria.
References
- ^ "Cos'x Bazer beach".
- ^ "Cos'x Bazer".
- ^ "Tourism in Cos'x Bazer".
- ^ "History of Cos'x Bazer".
- ^ "History of Cos'x Bazer beach".
- ^ "Cox's Bazar: Harnessing the potential of marnine drive". The Financial Express. 10 May 2017.
- ^ Azam, Kawser. "History of Cox".
- History of Cox's Bazar by Advocate Dulal Chowdhury, Printed 1987, Page 45, 47 and 75
- Coksho Bazarer Itihash by Prof Nur Ahmed, May 1988
- Smaraniyo Baraniyo (Chakaria-Pekua) by Anowar Hossain, Printed Sept 2003, Page 77 and 81