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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Emanuel Kviring
| name = Emanuel Kviring
| native_name = {{No bold|Emmanuel Quiring}}
| native_name =
| image = The Soviet Union 1988 CPA 5986 stamp (Birth centenary of Emanuel Kviring, Soviet politician and statesman).jpg
| image = The Soviet Union 1988 CPA 5986 stamp (Birth centenary of Emanuel Kviring, Soviet politician and statesman).jpg
| caption = A 1988 Soviet stamp featuring Kviring
| caption = 1988 Soviet stamp featuring Kviring
| nationality = [[Soviet people|Soviet]]
| office = Leader of [[Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine]]
| office = Leader of [[Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine]]
| term_start2 = 23 October 1918
| term_start2 = 23 October 1918
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| successor = [[Lazar Kaganovich]]
| successor = [[Lazar Kaganovich]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|9|13|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|9|13|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Novouzensky Uyezd]], [[Samara Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Novouzensky Uyezd]], [[Samara Governorate]], Russian Empire
| death_date = {{death date and age|1937|11|26|1888|9|13|mf=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1937|11|26|1888|9|13|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
| death_place = Moscow, [[Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union
| alma_mater = [[Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|Petersburg Politech]]
| alma_mater = [[Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|Petersburg Politech]]
| party = [[Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] (1906–1912) <br />[[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]] ([[Bolsheviks]]) {{nowrap|(1912–1918)}} <br />[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party]] (1918–1937)
| party = [[Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] (1906–1912) <br />[[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]] ([[Bolsheviks]]) {{nowrap|(1912–1918)}} <br />[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party]] (1918–1937)
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| children =
| children =
}}
}}
'''Emmanuel Ionovich Quiring''' ({{langx|ru|Эммануил Ионович Квиринг}}, {{langx|uk|Емануіл Йонович Квірінг}}; 13 September 1888<ref>{{cite book |title=Pod znamenem leninizma |date=1989 |publisher=Radi︠a︡nsʹka Ukraïna |page=63 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pod_znamenem_leninizma/OCnpmM_SGdkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%2213+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1888+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&dq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%2213+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1888+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&printsec=frontcover |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> – 26 November 1937<ref>{{cite web |title=Расстрелы в Москве - Б |url=https://mos.memo.ru/shot-6.htm |website=mos.memo.ru |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] politician and statesman of [[Volga Germans|Volga German]] descent. Due to transliteration, he may have spelled his family name as Kviring or Kwiring.
'''Emanuel''' or '''Emmanuel Ionovich Kviring''' ({{langx|ru|Эммануил Ионович Квиринг}}; {{langx|uk|Емануіл Йонович Квірінг}}; 13 September 1888<ref>{{cite book |title=Pod znamenem leninizma |date=1989 |publisher=Radi︠a︡nsʹka Ukraïna |page=63 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pod_znamenem_leninizma/OCnpmM_SGdkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%2213+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1888+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&dq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%2213+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1888+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&printsec=frontcover |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> – 26 November 1937)<ref>{{cite web |title=Расстрелы в Москве - Б |url=https://mos.memo.ru/shot-6.htm |website=mos.memo.ru |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> was a Soviet politician and statesman of [[Volga Germans|Volga German]] descent.


==Biography==
Born into a German family in Friesenthal, in the Samara Governorate of the [[Russian Empire]] (present-day Novolipovka, [[Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast]], [[Russia]]), he became a socialist activist and politician ([[Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] from 1906 to 1912, and [[Bolshevik Party]] beginning in 1912).<ref>{{cite web |title=КВІРІНГ ЕМАНУЇЛ ЙОНОВИЧ |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kviring_E |website=resource.history.org.ua |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>
Born into a German family in Friesenthal, in the [[Samara Governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]] (present-day {{ill|Novolipovka|ru|Новолиповка}}, [[Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast]]), he became a socialist activist and politician ([[Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] from 1906 to 1912, and the [[Bolshevik Party]] beginning in 1912).<ref>{{cite web |title=КВІРІНГ ЕМАНУЇЛ ЙОНОВИЧ |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kviring_E |website=resource.history.org.ua |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>


After [[World War I]] and the [[Bolshevik Revolution]], he was a leader of the [[Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine]] (October 1918 - March 1919, and April 1923 - March 1925).<ref>{{cite web |title=Квиринг Эммануил Ионович |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521061438/http://www.knowbysight.info/KKK/03112.asp |website=web.archive.org |access-date=20 December 2024 |date=21 May 2018}}</ref> Upon creation of the [[Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine]] in 1918, he became one of the leaders of the Yekaterinoslav wing of the party (Donets-Krivoi Rog wing) standing in opposition to the Kiev wing (Southwestern wing) led by Pyatakov and Skripnik. He was an opponent of the "[[Ukrainization]]" policy, so he had to leave [[Kharkiv]] for [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Веденєєв |first1=Д. В. |title=Квірінг Еммануїл Йонович |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-11608 |website=Енциклопедія Сучасної України |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=uk |date=2012}}</ref> He then worked as an economist in the State Planning Committee ([[Gosplan]]).
After [[World War I]] and the [[Bolshevik Revolution]], he was a leader of the [[Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine]] (October 1918 - March 1919, and April 1923 - March 1925).<ref>{{cite web |title=Квиринг Эммануил Ионович |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521061438/http://www.knowbysight.info/KKK/03112.asp |website=web.archive.org |access-date=20 December 2024 |date=21 May 2018}}</ref> Upon creation of the [[Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine]] in 1918, he became one of the leaders of the Yekaterinoslav wing of the party (Donets-Krivoi Rog wing) standing in opposition to the Kiev wing (Southwestern wing) led by Pyatakov and Skripnik. He was an opponent of the policy of [[Ukrainization]], so he had to leave [[Kharkiv|Kharkov]] for [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Веденєєв |first1=Д. В. |title=Квірінг Еммануїл Йонович |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-11608 |website=Енциклопедія Сучасної України |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=uk |date=2012}}</ref> He then worked as an economist in the State Planning Committee ([[Gosplan]]).


In 1937, he was arrested and executed by the [[NKVD]]. In 1956, Kwiring was posthumously rehabilitated by a decision of the USSR Supreme Court.<ref>http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/1997/Annaberg%20Nr.5%20Kap2.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Залесский |first1=Константин Александрович |title=Империя Сталина: биографический энциклопедический словарь |date=2000 |publisher=Veche |isbn=978-5-7838-0716-9 |page=213 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0/D4IyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%221956%22&dq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%221956%22&printsec=frontcover |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=ru}}</ref>
In 1937, he was arrested and executed by the [[NKVD]]. In 1956, Kviring was posthumously rehabilitated by a decision of the [[USSR Supreme Court]].<ref>http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/1997/Annaberg%20Nr.5%20Kap2.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Залесский |first1=Константин Александрович |title=Империя Сталина: биографический энциклопедический словарь |date=2000 |publisher=Veche |isbn=978-5-7838-0716-9 |page=213 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0/D4IyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%221956%22&dq=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%221956%22&printsec=frontcover |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=ru}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 08:01, 21 December 2024

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Yonovych and the family name is Kviring.
Emanuel Kviring
1988 Soviet stamp featuring Kviring
Leader of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
In office
10 April 1923 – 7 April 1925
Preceded byDmitriy Manuilsky
Succeeded byLazar Kaganovich
In office
23 October 1918 – 6 March 1919
Preceded bySerafima Hopner
Succeeded byStanislav Kosior
Personal details
Born(1888-09-13)September 13, 1888
Novouzensky Uyezd, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedNovember 26, 1937(1937-11-26) (aged 49)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Political partySocialist-Revolutionary Party (1906–1912)
RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1912–1918)
Russian Communist Party (1918–1937)
Alma materPetersburg Politech

Emanuel or Emmanuel Ionovich Kviring (Russian: Эммануил Ионович Квиринг; Ukrainian: Емануіл Йонович Квірінг; 13 September 1888[1] – 26 November 1937)[2] was a Soviet politician and statesman of Volga German descent.

Biography

Born into a German family in Friesenthal, in the Samara Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Novolipovka [ru], Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast), he became a socialist activist and politician (Socialist-Revolutionary Party from 1906 to 1912, and the Bolshevik Party beginning in 1912).[3]

After World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution, he was a leader of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (October 1918 - March 1919, and April 1923 - March 1925).[4] Upon creation of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine in 1918, he became one of the leaders of the Yekaterinoslav wing of the party (Donets-Krivoi Rog wing) standing in opposition to the Kiev wing (Southwestern wing) led by Pyatakov and Skripnik. He was an opponent of the policy of Ukrainization, so he had to leave Kharkov for Moscow.[5] He then worked as an economist in the State Planning Committee (Gosplan).

In 1937, he was arrested and executed by the NKVD. In 1956, Kviring was posthumously rehabilitated by a decision of the USSR Supreme Court.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ Pod znamenem leninizma (in Russian). Radi︠a︡nsʹka Ukraïna. 1989. p. 63. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Расстрелы в Москве - Б". mos.memo.ru. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  3. ^ "КВІРІНГ ЕМАНУЇЛ ЙОНОВИЧ". resource.history.org.ua. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  4. ^ "Квиринг Эммануил Ионович". web.archive.org. 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  5. ^ Веденєєв, Д. В. (2012). "Квірінг Еммануїл Йонович". Енциклопедія Сучасної України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  6. ^ http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/1997/Annaberg%20Nr.5%20Kap2.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  7. ^ Залесский, Константин Александрович (2000). Империя Сталина: биографический энциклопедический словарь (in Russian). Veche. p. 213. ISBN 978-5-7838-0716-9. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
Political offices
Preceded by
?
 Director of the Economy Institute of Communist Academy
1932–1937 		Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
?
 Chief of Department of National Economy and Finance
1918–1919 		Succeeded by
?
Party political offices
Preceded by 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
1923–1925
1918–1919 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Andrei Radchenko
 Secretary of the Communist Party of Donetsk Governorate
1921–1923 		Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
?
 Secretary of the Communist Party of Katerynoslav Governorate
1919–1920 		Succeeded by
Aleksandr Kiselyov
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