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==Estonia==
==Estonia==
*[[Tallinn#Kadriorg|Kadriorg Palace]] of [[Peter the Great]] in [[Tallinn]]
*[[Tallinn#Kadriorg|Kadriorg Palace]] of [[Peter the Great]] in [[Tallinn]]
*[[Toompea|Toompea Palace]] of the governeur of [[Estland|Estonian gouvernement]] in [[Tallinn]]
*[[Toompea|Toompea Palace]] of the governeur of [[Reval Governorate]] in [[Tallinn]]


==Ethiopia==
==Ethiopia==

Revision as of 22:45, 23 May 2007

This is a list of palaces by country. For main article please see palace

Afganistan

Argentina

Austria

Bangladesh

Belarus

Belgium

Benin

Bhutan

Brazil

Brunei

Bulgaria

Burundi

Cambodia

China

The English word "palace" is used to translate the Chinese word 宮 (pronounced "gōng" in Mandarin). This character represents two rooms connected (呂), under a roof (宀). Originally the character applied to any residence or mansion, but starting with the Qin Dynasty (3rd century BC) it was used only for the residence of the emperor and members of the imperial family. Chinese palaces are different from post-Renaissance European palaces in the sense that they are not made up of one building only (however big and convoluted the building may be), but are in fact huge spaces surrounded by a wall and containing large separated halls (殿 diàn) for ceremonies and official business, as well as smaller buildings, galleries, courtyards, gardens, and outbuildings, more like the Roman or Carolingian palatium.

List of Chinese imperial palaces, in chronological order

Hall of Supreme Harmony, Forbidden City, Beijing

Apart from the main imperial palace, Chinese dynasties also had several other imperial palaces in the capital city where the empress, crown prince, or other members of the imperial family dwelled. There also existed palaces outside of the capital city called "away palaces" (離宮) where the emperors resided when traveling. The habit also developed of building garden estates in the countryside surrounding the capital city, where the emperors retired at times to get away from the rigid etiquette of the imperial palace, or simply to escape from the summer heat inside their capital. This practice reached a zenith with the Qing Dynasty, whose emperors built the fabulous Imperial Gardens (御園), now known in China as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness (圓明園), and better known in English as the Old Summer Palace. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided and worked in the Imperial Gardens, 8km/5 miles outside of the walls of Beijing, the Forbidden City inside Beijing being used only for formal ceremonies.

These gardens were made up of three gardens: the Garden of Perfect Brightness proper, the Garden of Eternal Spring (長春園), and the Elegant Spring Garden (綺春園); they covered a huge area of 3.5 km² (865 acres), almost 5 times the size of the Forbidden City, and 8 times the size of the Vatican City. comprising hundreds of halls, pavilions, temples, galleries, gardens, lakes, etc. Several famous landscapes of southern China had been reproduced in the Imperial Gardens, hundreds of invaluable Chinese art masterpieces and antiquities were stored in the halls, making the Imperial Gardens one of the largest museum in the world. Some unique copies of literary work and compilations were also stored inside the Imperial Gardens. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the British and French expeditionary forces looted the Old Summer Palace. Then on October 18, 1860, in order to "punish" the imperial court, which had refused to allow Western embassies inside Beijing, the British general Lord Elgin- with protestations from the French - purposely ordered to set fire to the huge complex which burned to the ground. It took 3500 British troops to set the entire place ablaze and took three whole days to burn. The burning of the Gardens of Perfect Brightness is still a very sensitive issue in China today.

Following this cultural catastrophe, the imperial court was forced to relocate to the old and austere Forbidden City where it stayed until 1924, when the Last Emperor was expelled by a republican army. Empress dowager Cixi (慈禧太后) built the Summer Palace (頤和園 - "The Garden of Nurtured Harmony") near the Old Summer Palace, but on a much smaller scale than the Old Summer Palace. There are currently some projects in China to rebuild the Imperial Gardens, but this appears as a colossal undertaking, and no rebuilding has started yet.

Czech Republic

Denmark

See List of castles and palaces in Denmark for full list.

Egypt

Cairo

Alexandria

Estonia

Ethiopia

  • Jubilee Palace (National Palace) - Seat of the President, former imperial palace

Finland

  • Turku Castle, the only castle in Finland where there was for some time in the 16th century a real royal court.

France

Paris

File:VersaillesCourHonneur.jpg
Château de Versailles

Versailles

Île-de-France

Château de Fontainebleau

Elsewhere

Germany

German has two contrasting words, parallel to French usage: Schloss which connotes a seat that is enclosed by walls, a fastness or keep, and Palast, a more conscious borrowing, with the usual connotations of splendor. The former Holy Roman Empire, a congeries of independent territories, is filled with residences that were seats of government and had every right to be called "palace." Even the Socialist government of the former East Germany met in the Palast der Republik (built in 1976).

Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin

Brandenburg

Saxony

Ghana

Greece

The Hellenic Parliament today
Achilleion Palace


India

Khas Mahal, Agra Fort, Agra
File:Mysore-palace-main-gate-lit.jpg
Main gate of Mysore Palace, Mysore
File:HawaMahal2.jpg
Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), Jaipur

Indonesia

Pagaruyung Palace, West Sumatra

Iran

Italy

View of the gardens of Caserta
File:Ca' Rezzonico.jpg
Ca' Rezzonico, Venice

Japan

View on Nijubashi and moat of Imperial Palace, Tokyo

Korea

from Goguryeo Kingdom:

from Baekje Kingdom:

from Silla Kingdom:

from Balhae Kingdom:

from Taebong Kingdom:

from Goryeo Period:

Deoksu Palace, Seoul

from Joseon Period:

Laos

Latvia

Lithuania

File:The Presidential Palace in Lithuania .jpg
Presidential Palace in Vilnius

Malaysia

Malta

Mexico

Monaco

Mongolia

Myanmar

The Netherlands

New Zealand

Tūrangawaewae - Official residence of the head of the Māori King Movement currently King Tuheitia Paki. The complex consists of Mahinarangi, Turongo and other substantial buildings used by the Kingitanga for a number of larger Iwi gatherings.

Mahinarangi meeting house
Turongo House

Apart from the large complex at Turangawaewae Marae located in the town of Ngaruawahia, the previous Maori Monarch Te Atairangikaahu had a home at Waahi Marae in Huntly where she lived for most of her 40 year reign with her consort Whatumoana Paki. The Maori King or Queen are required to attend 33 Poukai annually conducted at Marae loyal to the Kingitangi movement. Many of these Marae maintain residences for the Maori King or Queen for them to use during such visits.

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Peru

Government Palace and the Husares of Junin, Peru

Philippines

File:Malacañang Palace.jpg
Malacañang Palace, Philippines

Poland

Warsaw Royal Castle
Sobański Palace in Warsaw

Portugal

Romania

Russia

File:Ukhtomsky 1849.jpg
Hall of the Order of St. Andrew, Grand Kremlin Palace
Peterhof Palace, Russia
  • Tver
    • Catherine Palace

Rwanda

Serbia

Singapore

Sweden

Spain

Palacio Real, Madrid

Slovakia

Thailand

Grand Palace, Bangkok

Tibet

Turkey

Dolmabahçe Sarayı, Istanbul

In Turkish, a palace is a Saray.

Turkmenistan

Ukraine

United Kingdom

England

Buckingham Palace, London

Scotland

Linlithgow Palace, Scotland

United States

Iolani Palace, Honolulu

Hawai'i

Vatican City

Venezuela

Vietnam

List of non-residential Palaces

Some large impressive buildings which were not meant to be residences, but are nonetheless called palaces, include:

Note, too, the French use of the word palais in such constructions as palais des congrès (convention centre) and palais de justice (courthouse).

See also

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