Doe v. Bush

Doe v. Bush 323 F.3d 133 (1st Cir. 2003) was a United States Court of Appeals case challenging the constitutionality of the 2003 invasion of Iraq which was dismissed since the plaintiffs' claim failed “to raise a sufficiently clear constitutional issue.”. The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 was challenged by "a coalition of US soldiers, parents of US soldiers, and Members of Congress" prior to the invasion to stop it from happening. They claimed that an invasion of Iraq would be illegal. Judge Lynch wrote of their argument, "They base this argument on two theories. They argue that Congress and the President are in collision -- that the President is about to act in violation of the October Resolution. They also argue that Congress and the President are in collusion -- that Congress has handed over to the President its exclusive power to declare war."

The case was first dismissed on February 24 2003 by U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts Judge Joseph Tauro. It was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. On March 13, a three-judge panel affirmed the decision to dismiss the complaint. The opinion was written by Judge Sandra Lynch:

An extreme case might arise, for example, if Congress gave absolute discretion to the President to start a war at his or her will... Plaintiffs' objection to the October Resolution does not, of course, involve any such claim. Nor does it involve a situation where the President acts without any apparent congressional authorization, or against congressional opposition... To the contrary, Congress has been deeply involved in significant debate, activity, and authorization connected to our relations with Iraq for over a decade, under three different presidents of both major political parties, and during periods when each party has controlled Congress.

She also cited Massachusetts v. Laird 451 F.2d 26 (1st Cir. 1971), which similarly found that the Vietnam War was constitutional. Lynch concluded that the Judiciary could not intervene, because there was not a fully developed conflict between the President and Congress at that time. On March 17, the plaintiffs filed for a rehearing. Their petition was denied the next day. Iraq was invaded on March 20.

See also

• 2003 invasion of Iraq
• Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
• Ehren Watada
• Legality of the Iraq War
• UN Charter