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-:''For the use of pressure points in first aid, see [[Emergency bleeding control]]''
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-A '''pressure point''' in the field of [[martial arts]] represents an area on the human body that when contacted produces significant pain or some other secondary effect. [[Martial arts]] practitioners do not focus just on increasing the "brute strength" of their strikes<ref>See "[http://www.dillman.com/books.asp Humane pressure-point self-defence]" by George Dillman</ref>, but also on the target of their strikes to maximize the impact, and to achieve specific outcomes<ref>See "[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Martial-Arts-University-Rick-Clark/dp/0840381077] Martial arts for the University" by Rick Clark</ref>.
-The study of pressure points has a long history <ref>See "[http://www.amazon.com/Bible-Karate-Bubishi-Patrick-McCarthy/dp/0804820155 The Bible of Karate Bubishi]" by Patrick McCarthy</ref>, although it has been to a large degree withheld <ref>See [http://www.ao-denkou-kai.org/the_wall_of_silence.htm "Wall of Silence" by Rick Clark]</ref> from the general public until recent years. This has resulted in much mis-information being passed on, including many urban legends <ref>See [http://www.taiji-qigong.co.uk/Articles/no%20touch.htm The no-touch knockout]</ref>.
-==Types of Pressure Points==
-There are 3 types of Pressure Points. Level 1 are pain points. Level 2 are Muscle, ligament and Tendon points. Level 3 are Reflex Pressure points. ONLY level 1 Pressure Points require pain to cause their effect . Reference 2
-===Pain===
-Some pressure points produce pain when struck, pressed or rubbed (depending on the point itself). While the distraction of pain might offer sufficient advantage in a fight, additionally the body has a [[Pain withdrawal reflex]] whereby it reacts to pain by moving away from it <ref>See also "[[Withdrawal reflex|nociceptive withdrawal reflex]]"</ref>. Martial artists can make use of this through minimal effort <ref>See [http://www.yachigusaryu.com/essays/pain_and_pain_withdrawl_reflexes.html Pain & Pain Withdrawal Reflexes]</ref>. Applying pressure to the [[collar bone]] from above will cause the subject to move downwards, whereas poking them in the gap between the ear and neck will make their body want to move upwards. Pressure to the shoulder causes that side of the body to move back. A jab to the abdomen in the middle of the stomach will cause some people to twist around, away from the pain. A rub down the back will cause the body to move forwards. Some points react more violently to pain from changes in the pressure (rubbing) rather than constant pressure.
-===Blood & Blood Pressure===
-The [[baroreceptor]] in the [[carotid artery]] is pressure-sensitive. Proper application of pressure here blocks blood flow to the brain. Insufficient perfusion of the brain can then cause blackout<ref>See [http://www.taiji-qigong.co.uk/Articles/olddimmak.html A medical view of dim-mak]</ref>.
-===Chokes===
-It is possible to render an opponent unconscious by strangling them - which involves maintaining pressure to a point, rather than striking that point. There are two sub-categories here <ref>See [http://www.ao-denkou-kai.org/judo_chokes.htm Judo chokes] by Rick Clark</ref>: One is to apply pressure directly from the front of the windpipe to block the airflow. The other is to apply pressure on the sides of the neck to prevent blood flowing into the brain through the [[carotid artery]], or out the brain through the [[jugular vein]] - the lack of oxygen resulting in unconsciousness.
-===Break===
-There are certain areas which are likely to lead to a break if struck properly, such as the "[[floating rib]]s", the [[philtrum]], and the side of the knee
-===Hyper-Extension===
-There are joints that when struck, can be hyper-extended and even torn.  This is a technique which can cause permanent damage to one's opponent. There are two types:
-*Brute force: This takes advantage of the vulnerability of the strike point, usually a joint, thereby causing the damage.
-*[[Golgi organ]]s: A relatively gentle strike to the Golgi tendon at the back of the elbow, for example, triggers a reflex which immediately relaxes that tendon allowing the elbow to bend more easily in the wrong direction. If this is immediately followed by a solid strike to the elbow joint, the elbow can be broken with significantly less effort than through brute force. {{Citation needed}}
-===Concussion===
-The brain is a very sensitive [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]. It floats in a fluid (''[[cerebral spinal fluid]]'') and balances on a very flexible [[vertebral column|spine]]. These safety mechanisms allow the head to take substantial impact without resulting in concussion. However, martial art techniques can be delivered in a way which effectively eliminates such protections, thus causing disorientation or instantaneous knockout. The most commonly taught technique involves a strike just below the [[occipital ridge]], at the correct angle in the correct direction. Another well known point with this effect is the chin or lower jaw, giving rise to the [[boxing]] expression, a "glass jaw"<ref>See [http://en.allexperts.com/q/Boxing-1533/Glass-Jaw-v-s.htm Boxing and the Glass Jaw]</ref>.
-===Energy===
-Some believe there are energy channels which flow around the body through [[acupuncture]] [[meridian (Chinese medicine)|meridians]], and an attack will impact the flows, and thus impact the body. This is called "chi", "ki" or "[[qi]]" in East Asian cultures. [[Traditional Chinese medicine]]  theory is based on the idea that specific pathway lines called meridians exist on the human body, along which are found many hundreds of [[acupressure]] points. [[Acupuncture]] is the most well known use of the meridian system. Pressing, [[Chin na|seizing]] or striking (dim mak) these points (or combinations of points) with specific intent and at certain angles can result in either heightening or diminishing [[qi]] circulation in the body, according to this theory. Arts such as [[Bak Mei]] and [[Bok Foo Pai]] utilize this strategy almost exclusively in combat. (See [[Acupuncture]] for a discussion on the existence of such meridians.)
-== See also ==
-* [[Acupuncture point]]
-* [[Vulcan nerve pinch]]
-==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
-Reference 1: Please see the book “The complete book of light force Knockouts” for how this effect occurs and the dangers of such knockouts!
-Reference 2: Please see the book “Pressure Points the Deadly Touch”  and the book “Reflex Pressure Points” for the anatomical explanations of how these effects occurs and how to use such Pressure Points.
-Reference 3: Please see the book “The Principles and Practice of Acupuncture”
-all these reference books are available from   http://www.quanlikan.com
-==External links==
-* Article Collections
-*# [http://www.ao-denkou-kai.org/articles.htm Professor Rick Clark]
-*# [http://dragonsociety.com/articles.php Rick Moneymaker]
-*# [http://www.taiji-qigong.co.uk/Free_To_Download/Erle's%20Articles/Articles/newarticles.html Erle Montaigue (see "Dim Mak")]
-*# [http://www.quanlikan.com Quan Li K'an          Bruce Everett Miller ]
-* Pressure Point Systems
-*# [http://www.ao-denkou-kai.org Ao Denkou Kai]
-*# [http://dragonsociety.com Dragon Society]
-*# [http://www.dillman.com Dillman Karate International]
-*# [http://www.quanlikan.com Quan Li K'an]
-*# [http://www.taiji-qigong.co.uk Erle Montaigue]
-* Specific Topics
-*# [http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=423 What are pressure points?]
-*# [http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=430 Types of Points]
-*# [http://www.pressurepointkarate.com/vital_point_striking.htm History of vital point striking]
-*# [http://www.bojuka.ca/pressure-points-charts.shtml Pressure point charts]
-*# [http://www.pressurepointkarate.com/pressure-point-charts.htm Diagrams & use of specified points]
-*# [http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=523 When pressure points fail]
-[[Category:Martial art techniques]]
-[[Category:Martial arts terms]]
-[[fr:point de compression]]