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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Bangalore Metro]]
* [[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
* [[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
* [[Gurgaon Metro]]
* [[Gurgaon Metro]]

Revision as of 14:39, 24 August 2009

Delhi Metro
दिल्ली मेट्रो
Overview
LocaleDelhi, India
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3
Number of stations68[1][2]
Daily ridership850,000 per day[3]
Operation
Began operationDecember 24, 2002
Operator(s)Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd
Technical
System lengthTemplate:Km to mi[1][2]
Track gauge1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (broad gauge)
Delhi metro network, as it will look by 2009
A metro station in Dwarka, Delhi
Much of Delhi Metro runs on elevated tracks along road medians

The Delhi Metro (Template:Lang-hi Dillī Meṭro), is a rapid transit system in the Indian city of Delhi that was built and is operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC).[4]

The first section of the Delhi Metro was opened on December 24, 2002. It became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after Kolkata. The Delhi Metro has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines.

The Delhi Metro has won numerous awards for its environmentally friendly practices from many renowned organisations including the United Nations,[5] RINA,[6] and ISO.[6] Delhi Metro was the first metro in the world to be ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction.[7]

History

The concept of a metro for Delhi was first formalized in the Delhi Master Plan of 1960[8], and the legal framework for the metro was laid out in the Metro Railways (Construction of Works) Act of 1978.[8]

Actual work towards building the metro, however, only started in March 5, 1995, when the DMRC was established. After the previous problems experienced by the Calcutta Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to "political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delays"[9], the DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds.[9]

Physical construction work started on October 1, 1998. Aside from one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge[10], construction proceeded smoothly. The first line opened on December 24, 2002 and the entire Phase I of the project was completed in December 2005, on budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described as "nothing short of a miracle" by BusinessWeek.[11]

Dr. E. Sreedharan, the Managing Director of the Metro during the Phase I construction, was declared "Indian of the Year for 2007" by CNN-IBN news channel.

Routes

Phase I of the network comprises 65.11 km of route length with 13.01 km underground corridor and 52.10 km surface/elevated corridor.

Phase II of the network comprises 128 km of route length and 79 stations, and is presently under construction, with the first section opened in June 2008 and a target completion date of 2010.[12][13]

Phase III (112 km) and IV (108.5 km) are planned to be completed by 2015 and 2020 respectively, with the network spanning 413.8 km by then, making it larger than London's Underground (408 km) [13][14][15][16] As the city expands beyond its city limits[17], there will be further extensions of the network in suburbs, because the northern outskirts of Delhi (Narela) and the suburbs beyond it (Kundli, Sonepat) and the south-eastern suburb of Greater Noida are currently left untouched in the Delhi Metro Masterplan 2021. Northern extensions would be provided by extending Yellow line (Line 2) northwards. Also plans have been mooted to construct a new line from Noida Sector-62 to Greater Noida which will intersect Indraprastha - Noida Sector-32 line (blue line) which is already under construction[18]

Current routes

As of May 2009, including opened Phase II extensions:

Line name Number Between stations Length (km) No. of stations Rolling stock[19]
Red Line 1 Dilshad Garden - Rithala 25.15 21 23 (21) trains
Yellow Line 2 Jahangirpuri - Central Secretariat 17.36[20] 15 13 (12) trains
Blue Line 3 Yamuna Bank - Dwarka Sector 9 34.20 32 30 trains[21]

Total length = 76.7 km

Routes under construction

Phase II

Phase II consists of 127 km of new rail, of which the following sections are under construction.[22] This phase has completion deadline of 2010. Overall progress of Phase-II has been 37% as of July, 2009[23][24].

Line name Direction Between stations Length (km) Stations Target completion date[12]
Yellow Line southwest Central Secretariat - Qutub Minar - Sushant Lok (Gurgaon) 27.45 19 Jun 2010[25]
unnamed south Central Secretariat - Nehru Place - Badarpur 20.04 15 Sep 2010[25]
Blue Line west Dwarka (Delhi) Sector 9 - Sector 21 - IGI Airport 6.26 3 Sep 2010[25]
Blue Line east Yamuna Bank - Mayur Vihar - NOIDA Sector 32 City Centre 15.07 11 Aug 2009[26]
Blue Line(branch) east Yamuna Bank - Anand Vihar 6.17 5 Dec 2009[26]
unnamed west Inderlok - Kirti Nagar - Mundka 18.46 15 Sep 2009[27]
Airport Express West New Delhi Railway Station - Indira Gandhi International Airport - Dwarka (Delhi) 22.4 6 Sep 2010[25]
Blue Line(branch) east Anand Vihar - Vaishali (Ghaziabad) 2.57 2 Sep 2010

Completed lines of Phase II are

Between stations Length (km) Date of Commencement of Operation Remarks
Shahdara - Dilshad Garden 3.1 June 4, 2008 Eastern extension of Red Line
Vishwavidyalaya - Jahangirpuri 6.3 February 4, 2009 Northern extension of Yellow Line
Indraprastha - Yamuna Bank 2.1 May 10, 2009 Eastern extension of Blue Line

Future Extensions

Phase III

This phase has a 2015 deadline. The following lines are tentatively planned:

  1. Jahangirpuri - Badli (northern exten sion of Yellow Line) = 3.42 km
  2. Mukundpur - Azadpur - Rajouri Garden - AIIMS - Sarai Kale Khan ISBT = 31 km
  3. Central Secretariat - Mandi House - Daryaganj - Welcome - Gokulpuri - Nawada (Bahadurgarh) = 18 km
  4. Rithala - Kirari - Barwala (western extension of Line 1/Red Line) = 6 km
  5. Dilshad Garden - Ghaziabad ISBT (eastern extension of Line 1/Red Line) = 9.5 km
  6. Airport link - Sushant Lok (Gurgaon) = 16.5 km
  7. Mundka - Delhi border - Bahadurgarh (western extension of Line 5) = 11 km
  8. Badarpur - YMCA chowk, Faridabad (southern extension of Line 6) = 14 km
  9. Sushant Lok (Gurgaon) - T-junction of Sectors 47 & 48, Gurgaon (southern extension of Line 2/Yellow Line) = 6.5 km

Jahangirpuri - Badli line may be implemented in Phase II[28]

Total length = 112 km[29]

Phase IV

This phase has a 2020 deadline. The following lines are tentatively planned:

  • 1. Sarai Kale Khan ISBT - Anand Vihar - Dilshad Garden - Yamuna Vihar - Sonia Vihar = 22 km
  • 2. Sarai Kale Khan ISBT - Nehru Place - Palam - Reola Khanpur = 28 km
  • 3. Mukundpur - GTK By-Pass - Pitampura - Piragarhi - Janakpuri - Palam = 20 km
  • 4. Barwala - Mundka - Najafgarh - Dwarka = 20 km
  • 5. Ghazipur - Noida Sector 62 = 7 km
  • 6. Dwarka Sector 21 - Iffco Chowk = 15 km
  • 7. Ajronda (Faridabad) - Kheri (Faridabad) = 5.5 km

Total length = 108.5 km[29]

Total length of all Phases = 413 km[29]

Apart from these lines in Phases I-IV, additional lines are expected to be announced in near future, like northern extension of line 2 (yellow line) to Kundli (Sonepat) via Narela and a new line between Noida and Greater Noida.

The Ghaziabad Development Authority is planning to extend Delhi Metro lines further deep into Ghaziabad in 5 phases, like extension of Indraprastha - Anand Vihar - Vaishali (Ghaziabad) line from Vaishali to Mehrauli (Ghaziabad).[30][31]

The independently operated Gurgaon Metro, if built, will also interchange with the Delhi Metro.

Operations and safety

Each train consists of four coaches and can carry up to 240 seated and 400 standing passengers. The trains operate at intervals of 3 to 4.5 minutes between 6:00 to 23:00. Coaches on all trains are well ventilated and air-conditioned at a temperature of 20~22°C. Trains operating within the network typically travel at speeds below 80 km/h, or 50 mph, and stop about 20 seconds at each MRTS station. The MRTS rolling stock are manufactured by ROTEM, relying on 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in) track gauge (broad gauge). As of 2009, the metro system has a total network length of 76.7 km, with 68 stations on 3 separate lines (14 underground, 52 elevated and 2 at-grade station).[citation needed]

All metro stations and trains are monitored constantly by more than 1200 closed-circuit cameras, and specially trained Delhi Metro police are stationed at all stations and trains to deal with law and order issues in the system. Trains are at platform level with a small platform gap to allow easy movement of passengers. The Delhi Metro is also one of the few metros in the world to have plainclothed metro-marshals on trains. Intercoms are provided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the driver.

Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafés and convenience stores.

File:Delhi metro smart card.jpg
Delhi metro smart card
Delhi metro single journey token

Delhi Metro commuters have the following choices for ticket purchase.

  • Smart card: Valid for one year from the last time of use, these cards are available in denominations of Rs.50 to Rs. 800. A 10% discount is given on all travel made on it.[32] A deposit of Rs.50 needs to be made to buy a new card.[32] These cards are most convenient for frequent commuters.
  • RFID Token: These tokens are valid only for a single journey on the day of purchase and the value depends on the destination. Fares are decided based on the destination station using the token table. Fares for a single journey range from Rs.6 to Rs.22.[33]
  • Tourist card: These cards can be used for unlimited travels on the Delhi metro network over a short period of time. There are two kinds of tourist cards - the 1 day and the 3 day. Cost of 1-day card is Rs. 70 and 3-day card is Rs. 200.

Revenue and Profits

Delhi Metro is one of a few metro systems in the world that are operationally profitable.[34] In the 2008 financial year, it had revenue of $100 million and profit before tax of $3.98 million.[34]

Accidents

On October 19, 2008 a girder launcher and a part of the Blue Line Indraprastha-New Ashok Nagar extension under construction overhead metro line in Laxmi Nagar, East Delhi collapsed and fell on passing vehicles underneath. Workers were lifting a 400-tonne concrete span of the bridge with the help of a crane when the launcher collapsed along with a 34m long span of the bridge on top of a Blueline bus killing the driver and a labourer.[35]

On July 12, 2009 a portion of an under construction bridge collapsed when its launching girder lost balance as it was being erected at Zamroodpur, near East of Kailash, on the Central Secretariat- Badarpur corridor slated to be opened September 2010. Six people were killed and 15 others injured.[36]

The day after, on July 13, 2009 a crane that was removing the debris collapsed, and with a bowling pin effect collapsed two other nearby cranes, injuring six.[37]

On July 22, 2009 a steel beam fell on a worker at the under-construction Ashok Park Metro station.[38]

Rolling stock

Phase I metro train

The Metro rolling stock was initially manufactured by a consortium of companies comprising ROTEM, Mitsubishi Corporation (MC), and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (MELCO). The rolling stocks are now being built by Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML). Trains run on broad gauge (1676 mm) and consist of four 3.2 metre wide stainless steel lightweight coaches with vestibules permitting movement throughout their length. The system is extensible up to 8 coaches. As of May 2009, the Delhi Metro operates a total of 70 trains on the three lines.[citation needed] The rolling stocks are similar to K-Stock of the MTR.

A $590 million contract for over 400 coaches for phase II has been awarded to Bombardier. While initial trains will be manufactured in Germany and Sweden, the remainder will be built at Bombardier's Indian factory in Savli, near Vadodara.[39]

Other systems

Power supply

The power supply is at 25 kV AC through overhead catenary.

Signaling system

The underground sections have Centralized Automatic Train Control (CATC) comprising Automatic Train Operation (ATO), Automatic Train Protection (ATP) and Automatic Train Signaling (ATS) systems.

For metro line 3, Siemens Transportation Systems supplied the electronic interlocking Sicas, the operation control system Vicos OC 500 and the automation control system LZB 700 M.[40]

Environment and aesthetics

Most of the Metro stations on the Blue Line conduct Rainwater harvesting as an environmental protection measure[41]. The Delhi Metro has established large optimally-designed catchment areas at many stations.

Each station has been designed with a unique scheme. Local art college students have designed decorative murals at the Metro stations.

  • A book has been published about the Delhi Metro. It was released in 2003.
  • Delhi Metro has been featured and has a special mention in 2005 Bollywood film Bewafaa.
  • Delhi Metro has been featured in a Discovery Channel documentary 24 Hours with the Delhi Metro.[42]
  • Delhi Metro has been extensively shown in the 2008 Subhash Ghai film Black & White, featuring Anil Kapoor.
  • The Delhi Metro is also featured in the Toronto Film Festival Production "Amal" directed by Richie Mehta. [43]
  • The Delhi Metro features in the song Masakalli from the movie Delhi 6.
  • The Delhi Metro features in the movie Dev D.
  • The Delhi Metro features in the movie Love Aaj Kal.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/delhi-metros-vishwavidyalaya-jahangirpuri-corridor-opens-feb-4_100150678.html
  2. ^ a b http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200905101952.htm
  3. ^ http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-19936.html
  4. ^ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.: About Us
  5. ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Delhi-Metro-gets-UN-certificate/articleshow/4169221.cms
  6. ^ a b http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly/ohsas18001.html
  7. ^ http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly/iso14001.html
  8. ^ a b "Delhi Metro Development Plan", Vinay Choubey, ezinearticles.com.
  9. ^ a b Delhi Metro showcases public sector success
  10. ^ Delhi Metro Rail to adopt BG system
  11. ^ Online Extra: The Miracle-Worker of the Delhi Metro
  12. ^ a b The Hindu : New Delhi News : Delhi Metro confident of meeting deadline
  13. ^ a b Delhi Metro Masterplan 2021
  14. ^ map of extensions, DMRC
  15. ^ The Times of India
  16. ^ Discovery channel : 24 hours with Delhi Metro
  17. ^ Master Plan of Delhi 2021, Delhi Development Authority
  18. ^ The Hindu : Front Page : Delhi Metro map to cover Greater Noida
  19. ^ "Project Update:Rolling Stock". Official webpage of DMRC. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
  20. ^ http://www.sindhtoday.net/south-asia/59138.htm
  21. ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Delhi/Yamuna-crossed-Noida-in-sight/articleshow/4506724.cms
  22. ^ Map of extensions, DMRC
  23. ^ Status of the Phase-II
  24. ^ Phase I and Phase-II distances
  25. ^ a b c d http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/Web/Article/2009/02/04/002/04_02_2009_002_005.jpg
  26. ^ a b http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200905102052.htm
  27. ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Delhi/North_Delhi_to_CP_in_less_than_30_minutes_now/articleshow/4071689.cms
  28. ^ http://www.delhicapital.com/delhi-metro/news/vishvavidyala-jehangirpuri-line.html
  29. ^ a b c http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/images/metro_map_big.jpg
  30. ^ Ghaziabad on fast track - Yahoo! India News
  31. ^ Ghaziabad Development Authority
  32. ^ a b "10 % Discount on Metro SMART CARDS". Official webpage of DMRC.
  33. ^ "Metro Fares". Official webpage of DMRC. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
  34. ^ a b http://www.forbes.com/global/2009/0511/026-india-delhi-subway-builder.html
  35. ^ "Delhi Metro bridge collapses; 1 dead". CNN-IBN. IBN Live. 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
  36. ^ "A chronology of Delhi Metro accidents". Indo-Asian News Service. Hindustan Times Online. 2009-07-12. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  37. ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS-City-Delhi-Day-2-3-cranes-fall-Metro-image-takes-beating/articleshow/4774296.cms
  38. ^ http://www.centralchronicle.com/viewnews.asp?articleID=10567
  39. ^ http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=14183
  40. ^ "Metro Line 3, New Delhi, India". Siemens AG. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  41. ^ "Metro doing rain water harvesting". Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (press).
  42. ^ "24 hours with the Delhi Metro". Discovery channel collaboration (press).
  43. ^ "Amal".
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