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'''''Tricholoma terreum''''', commonly known as the '''grey knight''' or '''dirty tricholoma''', is a grey-capped edible [[mushroom]] of the large genus ''[[Tricholoma]]''. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe, and has also been encountered under introduced pine trees in [[Australia]]. ''Tricholoma myomyces'' is a synonym. |
'''''Tricholoma terreum''''', commonly known as the '''grey knight''' or '''dirty tricholoma''', is a grey-capped edible [[mushroom]] of the large genus ''[[Tricholoma]]''. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe, and has also been encountered under introduced pine trees in [[Australia]]. ''Tricholoma myomyces'' is a synonym. |
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==Taxonomy== |
== Taxonomy == |
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It was originally described as ''Agaricus terreus'' by [[Jacob Christian Schäffer]] in [[1762]], and as ''Agaricus myomyces'' by mycologist [[Christian Hendrik Persoon]] in 1794. It was given its current binomial name by German [[Paul Kummer]] in 1871. It is commonly known as the grey knight<ref name=Phillips06/> from its discoloured gills.<ref name=Lamaison05/> |
It was originally described as ''Agaricus terreus'' by [[Jacob Christian Schäffer]] in [[1762]], and as ''Agaricus myomyces'' by mycologist [[Christian Hendrik Persoon]] in 1794. It was given its current binomial name by German [[Paul Kummer]] in 1871. It is commonly known as the grey knight<ref name=Phillips06/> from its discoloured gills.<ref name=Lamaison05/> |
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==Description== |
== Description == |
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The [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] is |
The [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] is 4–7 cm (1.6–2.6 in) wide and evenly covered in fine grey scales. Convex with a slight boss, it is broadly conical in shape. The whitish [[Stipe (mycology)|stipe]] is 3–8 cm (1.2–3.2 in) high and 1.5 cm wide and has no ring. There is no ring or [[volva (mycology)|volva]]. The whitish [[trama (mycology)|flesh]] is thin, and has a pleasant mild (not mealy) smell and taste. The widely spaced and uneven [[lamella (mycology)|gills]] are free (unattached to the stipe). The [[spore print]] is white, the oval spores 6–7 [[micrometre|μm]] long by 3.5-4.4 μm wide.<ref name=Phillips06>{{cite book | last = Phillips |first=Roger | year = 2006 | title = Mushrooms | publisher = Pan MacMillan | isbn = 0-330-44237-6|page= 107}}</ref><ref name=Lamaison05>{{cite book |title=The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms |last=Lamaison |first=Jean-Louis |coauthors=Polese, Jean-Marie |year=2005 |publisher=Könemann |isbn=3-8331-1239-5|page=89}}</ref> |
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It could be confused with the larger (and poisonous) ''[[Tricholoma pardinum|T. pardinum]]'' has a mealy smell and cap scales; the edible ''[[Tricholoma orirubens|T. orirubens]]'' has fine dark scales and pinkish gills.<ref name=Haas69>{{cite book | last = Haas |first=H. | year = 1969 | title = The Young Specialist looks at Fungi |page= 144| publisher = Burke | isbn= 0-222-79409-7}}</ref> |
It could be confused with the larger (and poisonous) ''[[Tricholoma pardinum|T. pardinum]]'' has a mealy smell and cap scales; the edible ''[[Tricholoma orirubens|T. orirubens]]'' has fine dark scales and pinkish gills.<ref name=Haas69>{{cite book | last = Haas |first=H. | year = 1969 | title = The Young Specialist looks at Fungi |page= 144| publisher = Burke | isbn= 0-222-79409-7}}</ref> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
== Distribution and habitat == |
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''Tricholoma terreum'' is found in Europe, where fruiting bodies appear under conifers, particularly pine and spruce, from late summer to late autumn.<ref name=Phillips06/> They may also arise in parks near these trees, and grow in [[fairy ring]]s.<ref name=Lamaison05/> It has been recorded growing under exotic ''[[Pinus radiata]]'' plantations in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/fungimap_/__data/page/2903/iFNCV.Blackwood_Report.final.pdf|title=FNCV FUNGI GROUP FORAY: LERDEGERG RIVER WALK, JACK CANN RESERVE, BLACKWOOD, 2 July 2006|last=Grey|first=Ed and Pat|date=2006|work=Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne website- fungimap section|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne|accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Keane|first=Philip J.|coauthors=Kile GA, Podger FD|title=Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Canberra|date=2000|pages=84|isbn=0643065237}}</ref> |
''Tricholoma terreum'' is found in Europe, where fruiting bodies appear under conifers, particularly pine and spruce, from late summer to late autumn.<ref name=Phillips06/> They may also arise in parks near these trees, and grow in [[fairy ring]]s.<ref name=Lamaison05/> It has been recorded growing under exotic ''[[Pinus radiata]]'' plantations in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/fungimap_/__data/page/2903/iFNCV.Blackwood_Report.final.pdf|title=FNCV FUNGI GROUP FORAY: LERDEGERG RIVER WALK, JACK CANN RESERVE, BLACKWOOD, 2 July 2006|last=Grey|first=Ed and Pat|date=2006|work=Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne website- fungimap section|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne|accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Keane|first=Philip J.|coauthors=Kile GA, Podger FD|title=Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Canberra|date=2000|pages=84|isbn=0643065237}}</ref> |
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==Edibility== |
== Edibility == |
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With a mild taste, the species is regarded as a good edible. It is seen in markets in France, along with ''[[Clitocybe nebularis]]'' and ''[[Tricholoma portentosum]]''.<ref name=Lamaison05/> However, some authorities recommend that inexperienced pickers avoid all grey tricholomas.<ref name=Zeitl76>{{cite book|last=Zeitlmayr |first=Linus|year=1976|title=Wild Mushrooms: An Illustrated Handbook|publisher=Garden City Press, Hertfordshire|isbn= 0-584-10324-7|pages= 72–73}}</ref> |
With a mild taste, the species is regarded as a good edible. It is seen in markets in France, along with ''[[Clitocybe nebularis]]'' and ''[[Tricholoma portentosum]]''.<ref name=Lamaison05/> However, some authorities recommend that inexperienced pickers avoid all grey tricholomas.<ref name=Zeitl76>{{cite book|last=Zeitlmayr |first=Linus|year=1976|title=Wild Mushrooms: An Illustrated Handbook|publisher=Garden City Press, Hertfordshire|isbn= 0-584-10324-7|pages= 72–73}}</ref> |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Fungi naturalized in Australia]] |
[[Category:Fungi naturalized in Australia]] |
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[[Category:Fungi found in fairy rings]] |
[[Category:Fungi found in fairy rings]] |
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[[ca:Fredolic]] |
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[[de:Erdritterling]] |
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[[fr:Tricholome couleur de terre]] |
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[[it:Tricholoma terreum]] |
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[[lt:Raibasis baltikas]] |
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[[pms:Tricholoma terreum]] |
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[[pl:Gąska ziemista]] |
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[[ru:Рядовка землистая]] |
[[ru:Рядовка землистая]] |
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[[fi:Harmaavalmuska]] |
[[fi:Harmaavalmuska]] |
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[[uk:Рядовка наземна]] |
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Revision as of 12:32, 23 September 2009
| Tricholoma terreum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | T. terreum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tricholoma terreum | |
| Synonyms | |
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Tricholoma myomyces(Pers.) J.E. Lange | |
Tricholoma terreum | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is adnexed |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white to cream |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is edible |
Template:FixBunching Tricholoma terreum, commonly known as the grey knight or dirty tricholoma, is a grey-capped edible mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe, and has also been encountered under introduced pine trees in Australia. Tricholoma myomyces is a synonym.
Taxonomy
It was originally described as Agaricus terreus by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1762, and as Agaricus myomyces by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794. It was given its current binomial name by German Paul Kummer in 1871. It is commonly known as the grey knight[1] from its discoloured gills.[2]
Description
The cap is 4–7 cm (1.6–2.6 in) wide and evenly covered in fine grey scales. Convex with a slight boss, it is broadly conical in shape. The whitish stipe is 3–8 cm (1.2–3.2 in) high and 1.5 cm wide and has no ring. There is no ring or volva. The whitish flesh is thin, and has a pleasant mild (not mealy) smell and taste. The widely spaced and uneven gills are free (unattached to the stipe). The spore print is white, the oval spores 6–7 μm long by 3.5-4.4 μm wide.[1][2]
It could be confused with the larger (and poisonous) T. pardinum has a mealy smell and cap scales; the edible T. orirubens has fine dark scales and pinkish gills.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Tricholoma terreum is found in Europe, where fruiting bodies appear under conifers, particularly pine and spruce, from late summer to late autumn.[1] They may also arise in parks near these trees, and grow in fairy rings.[2] It has been recorded growing under exotic Pinus radiata plantations in Australia.[4][5]
Edibility
With a mild taste, the species is regarded as a good edible. It is seen in markets in France, along with Clitocybe nebularis and Tricholoma portentosum.[2] However, some authorities recommend that inexperienced pickers avoid all grey tricholomas.[6]
References
- ^ a b c Phillips, Roger (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 107. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
- ^ a b c d Lamaison, Jean-Louis (2005). The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms. Könemann. p. 89. ISBN 3-8331-1239-5.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Haas, H. (1969). The Young Specialist looks at Fungi. Burke. p. 144. ISBN 0-222-79409-7.
- ^ Grey, Ed and Pat (2006). "FNCV FUNGI GROUP FORAY: LERDEGERG RIVER WALK, JACK CANN RESERVE, BLACKWOOD, 2 July 2006" (PDF). Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne website- fungimap section. Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ Keane, Philip J. (2000). Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. p. 84. ISBN 0643065237.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Zeitlmayr, Linus (1976). Wild Mushrooms: An Illustrated Handbook. Garden City Press, Hertfordshire. pp. 72–73. ISBN 0-584-10324-7.