Brothel

"Lupanar" redirects here. For the Pompeii brothel, see Lupanar (Pompeii).

"Cathouse" redirects here. For other uses, see Cathouse (disambiguation).

For the 2008 film "The Brothel", see Brothel (film).

Eighteenth-century illustration of Sally Salisbury stabbing a client in a brothel.

A brothel, also known as a bordello, cathouse, whorehouse, sporting house and various other euphemisms, is an establishment specifically dedicated to prostitution, providing the prostitutes a place to meet and to have sexual intercourse with clients. In some places, brothels are legal, and in many countries, places such as massage parlors are allowed to function as brothels, with varying degrees of regulation and repression. Depending on zoning, brothels may be confined to special red-light districts or tolerance zones.

Brothels were very common in the past, but are prohibited today in most European countries. There are however exceptions, for example Netherlands or Germany (see Prostitution in Europe). In most countries from Europe, brothels were made illegal after World War II. During the first half of the 20th century, France and Italy were famous for their brothels. France outlawed all brothels in 1946 and Italy made them illegal in 1959. Today Amsterdam is well known for its red-light district and it is a destination for sex tourism.

Business models

Brothels use a variety of business models:

• In some, the prostitutes are held in involuntary servitude without the option to leave, receiving only a small portion (or none) of the money paid by the patron. This is typical where human trafficking procures a large percentage of prostitutes, and is common in (though not limited to) countries where prostitution is forbidden or repressed. In some cases, prostitutes are bought and sold by their keepers, reducing them to a state of chattel slavery. All of these are illegal in most jurisdictions.
• In others the prostitutes are employees, receiving a small fixed salary and a portion of the money spent by the customer. (Maison close French for "closed house") The brothel owner receives the rest of the payment for services.
• In the regulated brothels in Nevada, the prostitutes are contract workers who split their earnings with the house and are often expected to "tip" support staff (cleaners, limo drivers, etc.); they receive no benefits, such as health insurance, and no withholding for Social Security taxes.
• In still others, the prostitutes pay a fee for use of the facilities, with the brothel owner not being involved in the financial transaction between prostitute and client (maison de passe, French for "trick house").

In those countries which restrict or forbid prostitution, the latter provides some level of plausible denial to the facility owner, who often (thinly) disguises the brothel as a massage parlor, bar, strip club or similar

Military brothels

Further information: Comfort women, Bordel militaire de campagne, and Forced prostitution in German armed forces

Until recently, in several armies around the world, a mobile brothel service was attached to the army as an auxiliary unit, especially attached to combat units on long-term deployments abroad. It is estimated that a minimum of 34,140 women from occupied states, particularly in Poland, were forced to work as involuntary prostitutes for the Nazis during WW2. While, during French and Japanese colonial campaigns of the 20th century, such employees were mainly recruited among the local populace of Northeast Asia and Africa; often, some of the women were underage. Because it is a touchy subject, military brothels were often designated with creative euphemisms. Notable examples of such jargon are [la boîte à bonbons] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Template:Lang-en), replacing the term "bordel militaire de campagne". Women forced into prostitution by the Japanese occupation armies throughout East Asia were known as "comfort battalions". The prostitutes were individually referred to as "military comfort women" or [jūgun-ianfu] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help).

Nevada brothels

In the United States, the only state where brothels are legal is Nevada (see List of brothels in Nevada and Prostitution in Nevada). Prostitution outside the licensed brothels is illegal throughout Nevada. Brothels are allowed only in counties with populations of fewer than 400,000 inhabitants, and not all qualifying counties have allowed them. County governments license and regulate brothels within their boundaries. The brothels and their employees must register with the county sheriff and receive regular medical checkups. Brothels have existed in Nevada since the old mining days of the 1800s and were first licensed in 1971. As of June/July 2008, 28 brothels existed in Nevada. The legendary Mustang Ranch operated from 1971 through 1999, when it was forfeited to the federal government following a series of convictions for tax fraud, racketeering, and other crimes. Currently eight out of Nevada's 16 counties have active brothels (these are all rural counties). All forms of prostitution are illegal in Las Vegas (and Clark County which contains its metropolitan area), Reno (and Washoe County), Carson City, and a few other places.

Regulation

Various countries have fully legalized prostitution (as opposed to only tolerating it) in the last decades, including countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, New Zealand and Australia among others. Most of these countries favor brothels, at least in theory, as they are considered to be less problematic than street prostitution. Laws regarding the operation of the brothels often include strict regulations, for example specifying that they may not be situated in certain zones (such as in residential areas or near schools) and usually prescribing various regular health inspections for prostitutes. However, the degree of regulation varies by country, for example, in Netherlands prostitutes are not required to undergo mandatory health checks. The laws regarding regulation vary widely.

See also

• Sex industry
• Sex worker
• Soapland
• Spintria

Further reading

• DJ Tramp Steamer. 101 Brothels i Have Loved.
• Burford, E. J. The Bishop's Brothels. London: Robert Hale, 1993. ISBN 9780709051138.
• Ka-tzetnik 135633 (Karol Cetinsky). House of Dolls. Moshe M. Kohn (trans.). New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955. A novel about the Holocaust, including a description of a brothel staffed by concentration camp inmates.

External links

• "Inside a brothel"—interview by Richard Fidler with three brothel owners, June 2006 on ABC Local Radio (audio download available)