Carbidopa/levodopa: Difference between revisions
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The combination of [[carbidopa]] and [[levodopa]] is used to treat [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="pmid17078781">{{cite journal |author=Nyholm D |title=Enteral levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease |journal=Expert review of neurotherapeutics |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1403–11 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17078781 |doi=10.1586/14737175.6.10.1403 |url=http://www.future-drugs.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737175.6.10.1403?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> and Dopa-Responsive [[Dystonia]] (DRD). It is sold under several brand names, including '''Sinemet''', '''Parcopa''', and '''Atamet'''. The generic name under the [[British Approved Name]] system is '''Co-careldopa'''. |
The combination of [[carbidopa]] and [[levodopa]] is used to treat [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="pmid17078781">{{cite journal |author=Nyholm D |title=Enteral levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease |journal=Expert review of neurotherapeutics |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1403–11 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17078781 |doi=10.1586/14737175.6.10.1403 |url=http://www.future-drugs.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737175.6.10.1403?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> and Dopa-Responsive [[Dystonia]] (DRD). It is sold under several brand names, including '''Sinemet''', '''Parcopa''', and '''Atamet'''. The generic name under the [[British Approved Name]] system is '''Co-careldopa'''. |
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Levodopa is converted to dopamine via the action of a naturally occurring [[enzyme]] called [[dopa decarboxylase]]. This occurs both in the peripheral circulation and in the [[central nervous system]] after levodopa has crossed the [[blood brain barrier]]. Activation of central dopamine receptors improves the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, however, activation of peripheral dopamine receptors causes nausea and vomiting. For this reason levodopa is usually administered in combination with a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, in this case carbidopa, which does not cross the blood brain barrier but prevents peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine and thereby reduces the unwanted peripheral side-effects of levodopa. Use of carbidopa also increases the quantity of levodopa in the bloodstream that is available to enter the brain. |
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The combination is utilized to selectively elevate the levels of dopamine in the brain without boosting them in the periphery. The purpose of this is to increase the effectiveness of levodopa and to avoid adverse peripherally-mediated side effects such as nausea and emesis. |
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Because Dopamine does not cross the blood brain barrier and levodopa does, it is used to increase circulating levels of dopamine in the CNS. Levodopa converts into dopamine in the body naturally. |
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To mitigate the circulating peripheral effects of L-dopa, Carbidopa is used in conjunction. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 22:59, 4 March 2010
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| Agonist | Levodopa |
| Enzyme inhibitor | Carbidopa |
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The combination of carbidopa and levodopa is used to treat Parkinson's disease[1] and Dopa-Responsive Dystonia (DRD). It is sold under several brand names, including Sinemet, Parcopa, and Atamet. The generic name under the British Approved Name system is Co-careldopa.
Levodopa is converted to dopamine via the action of a naturally occurring enzyme called dopa decarboxylase. This occurs both in the peripheral circulation and in the central nervous system after levodopa has crossed the blood brain barrier. Activation of central dopamine receptors improves the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, however, activation of peripheral dopamine receptors causes nausea and vomiting. For this reason levodopa is usually administered in combination with a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, in this case carbidopa, which does not cross the blood brain barrier but prevents peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine and thereby reduces the unwanted peripheral side-effects of levodopa. Use of carbidopa also increases the quantity of levodopa in the bloodstream that is available to enter the brain.
See also
References
- ^ Nyholm D (2006). "Enteral levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease". Expert review of neurotherapeutics. 6 (10): 1403–11. doi:10.1586/14737175.6.10.1403. PMID 17078781.
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External links
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