AD 41: Difference between revisions
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=== By place === |
=== By place === |
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==== Roman Empire ==== |
==== Roman Empire ==== |
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* [[Consul]]s are the [[Roman Emperor|emperor]] [[Caligula]] and [[Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Burley|first=Anthony Richard|title=The Roman government of Britain|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199252374|page=219|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=izIMUEgzjm0C&pg=PA219&dq=Caligula+Gnaeus+Sentius+Saturninus&hl=en&ei=d_EUTomOBNDOmAXVvLWmDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q=Caligula%20Gnaeus%20Sentius%20Saturninus&f=false}}</ref> |
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* [[Consul]]s are the [[Roman Emperor|emperor]] [[Caligula]] and [[Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus]]. |
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* [[January 24]] |
* [[January 24]] |
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** Caligula, known for his [[Eccentricity (behavior)|eccentricity]] and cruel [[despotism]], is [[assassination|assassin]]ated by his disgruntled [[Praetorian Guard]]s. |
** Caligula, known for his [[Eccentricity (behavior)|eccentricity]] and cruel [[despotism]], is [[assassination|assassin]]ated by his disgruntled [[Praetorian Guard]]s.<ref name="Caligula">{{cite book|last=Barrett|first=Anthony A.|title=Caligula: The Corruption of Power|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780203137765|page=170|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=H1paoJ_BN28C&pg=PA170&dq=Caligula+assassinated+January+24&hl=en&ei=4vEUTtrlB9D0mAXMpYmvDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CC0QuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> |
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** [[Claudius]] succeeds his nephew Caligula as Emperor.<ref name="Claudius">{{cite book|last=Adkins|first=Lesley|last2=Adkins|first2=Roy A.|title=Handbook to life in ancient Rome|year=2004|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9780816050260|page=21|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zGY1Sqjwf8kC&pg=PA21&dq=Claudius+emperor+January+25&hl=en&ei=VvIUTurXH-qhmQWBoYSbDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CC4QuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Claudius%20emperor%20January%2025&f=false|edition=2nd}}</ref> |
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** [[Claudius]] succeeds his nephew Caligula as Emperor. |
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* [[January 25]] – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Emperor by the [[Roman Senate|Senate]]. |
* [[January 25]] – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Emperor by the [[Roman Senate|Senate]].<ref name="Claudius" /> |
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* Claudius makes [[Agrippa I|Agrippa]] king of [[Judea]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Dixon|first=William Hepworth|title=The holy land|year=1865|publisher=B. Tauchnitz|page=222|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=r7EWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA222&dq=Agrippa+king+of+Judea+41&hl=en&ei=UPMUTu26I4_ImAXBn8HpDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q=Agrippa%20king%20of%20Judea%2041&f=false|volume=2}}</ref> |
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* Claudius makes [[Agrippa I|Agrippa]] king of [[Judea]]. |
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* [[Messalina]], wife of Claudius, persuades Claudius to have [[Seneca the Younger]] banished to [[Corsica]] on a charge of [[adultery]] with [[Julia Livilla]]. |
* [[Messalina]], wife of Claudius, persuades Claudius to have [[Seneca the Younger]] banished to [[Corsica]] on a charge of [[adultery]] with [[Julia Livilla]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Moran|first=Michael G.|editor=Ballif, Michelle|title=Classical rhetorics and rhetoricians: critical studies and sources|year=2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313321788|page=343|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CYykAGVyqvwC&pg=PA343&dq=Seneca+the+Younger+banished+41&hl=en&ei=7PMUTr6UFoP2mAWF1siZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Seneca%20the%20Younger%20banished%2041&f=false}}</ref> |
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* Claudius restores [[religious freedom]] to [[Jew]]s throughout the empire,<ref>{{cite book|editor=Freedman, David Noel|title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|year=2000|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=9789053565032|page=262|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA262&dq=Claudius+restores+religious+freedom+to+Jews+41&hl=en&ei=sfQUTrbzLdGemQX2rYmdDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> but prohibits Jews in Rome from proselytising.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scullard|first=H. H.|title=From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68|year=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415584883|page=249|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vMzvAXjq1uEC&pg=PA249&dq=Claudius+Jews+proselytising+Rome+41&hl=en&ei=L_YUTt74A4HfmAXz9PzCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQuwUwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> |
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* Claudius restores [[religious freedom]] to [[Jew]]s throughout the empire, but prohibits Jews in Rome from proselytising. |
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* An attack across the [[Rhine]] by the [[Germans]] is stopped by the Romans. |
* An attack across the [[Rhine]] by the [[Germans]] is stopped by the Romans. |
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==== Asia ==== |
==== Asia ==== |
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* [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Emperor Guangwu]] of the [[Han Dynasty]] deposes his wife, [[Empress Guo Shengtong|Guo Shentong]], as empress, and creates his consort [[Empress Yin Lihua|Yin Lihua]] empress in her place. |
* [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Emperor Guangwu]] of the [[Han Dynasty]] deposes his wife, [[Empress Guo Shengtong|Guo Shentong]], as empress, and creates his consort [[Empress Yin Lihua|Yin Lihua]] empress in her place.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Xiao Hong Lee, Lily|editor2=Stefanowska, A. D.|title=Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.–618 C.E.|year=2007|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=9780765617507|pages=146–147|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=u7mLql4TAxoC&pg=PA147&dq=Emperor+Guangwu+empress+41&hl=en&ei=9_cUTsb9IKf3mAWU7bGpDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CC8QuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Emperor%20Guangwu%20empress%2041&f=false|volume=3}}</ref> |
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=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[February 12]] – [[Britannicus|Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus]], son of Claudius and Messalina |
* [[February 12]] – [[Britannicus|Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus]], son of Claudius and Messalina<ref>{{cite book|last=Wiedemann|first=Thomas E. J.|title=Adults and children in the Roman Empire|year=1989|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415003360|page=124|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jJwOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA124&dq=Britannicus+born+February+12&hl=en&ei=J_kUTtkPovKYBbq-5JwO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQuwUwAw#v=onepage&q=Britannicus%20born%20February%2012&f=false}}</ref> |
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* [[Marcus Valerius Martialis|Martial]], Latin poet (possible birthdate)<ref>{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Craig|title=A Martial Reader: Selections from the Epigrams|year=2011|publisher=Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers|isbn=9780865167049|page=xi|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7EvEycSSxHYC&pg=PR11&dq=Marcus+Valerius+Martialis+born+41&hl=en&ei=nvkUTtCNJcSImQWW37yZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=3&ved=0CDQQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q=Marcus%20Valerius%20Martialis%20born%2041&f=false}}</ref> |
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* [[Marcus Valerius Martialis|Martial]], Latin poet (possible birthdate) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[January 24]] – [[Caligula]], [[Roman Emperor]] ([[assassination|assassinated]]) |
* [[January 24]] – [[Caligula]], [[Roman Emperor]] ([[assassination|assassinated]])<ref name="Caligula" /> |
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* [[Julia Drusilla]], daughter of Caligula (assassinated)<ref name=Julia>{{cite book|last=Varner|first=Eric R.|title=Mutilation and transformation: damnatio memoriae and Roman imperial portraiture|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004135772|page=21|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5IpPhTqnDJkC&pg=PA21&dq=Julia+Drusilla+assassinated+41&hl=en&ei=PfoUTrPIL8r2mAWZ58DKDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CC0QuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Julia%20Drusilla%20assassinated%2041&f=false}}</ref> |
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* [[Julia Drusilla]], daughter of Caligula (assassinated) |
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* End of the year – [[Julia Livilla]], daughter of [[Germanicus]], niece of [[Claudius]] (starved to death in her exile) |
* End of the year – [[Julia Livilla]], daughter of [[Germanicus]], niece of [[Claudius]] (starved to death in her exile)<ref>{{cite book|last=Lightman|first=Marjorie|last2=Lightman|first2=Benjamin|title=A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9780816067107|pages=171|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=2esYJJUETiYC&pg=PA171&dq=Julia+Livilla+starved+to+death+41&hl=en&ei=tvoUTsLWA8GhmQXDg4nWDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CC4QuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Julia%20Livilla%20starved%20to%20death%2041&f=false|volume=2}}</ref> |
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* [[Milonia Caesonia]], wife of Caligula (assassinated) |
* [[Milonia Caesonia]], wife of Caligula (assassinated)<ref name=Julia /> |
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Revision as of 00:18, 7 July 2011
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| AD 41 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | AD 41 XLI |
| Ab urbe condita | 794 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4791 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −552 |
| Berber calendar | 991 |
| Buddhist calendar | 585 |
| Burmese calendar | −597 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5549–5550 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 2738 or 2531 — to — 辛丑年 (Metal Ox) 2739 or 2532 |
| Coptic calendar | −243 – −242 |
| Discordian calendar | 1207 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 33–34 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3801–3802 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 97–98 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 3141–3142 |
| Holocene calendar | 10041 |
| Iranian calendar | 581 BP – 580 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 599 BH – 598 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | AD 41 XLI |
| Korean calendar | 2374 |
| Minguo calendar | 1871 before ROC 民前1871年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1427 |
| Seleucid era | 352/353 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 583–584 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 167 or −214 or −986 — to — 阴金牛年 (female Iron-Ox) 168 or −213 or −985 |
Year 41 (XLI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Saturninus (or, less frequently, year 794 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 41 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
- Consuls are the emperor Caligula and Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus.[1]
- January 24
- Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, is assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards.[2]
- Claudius succeeds his nephew Caligula as Emperor.[3]
- January 25 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Emperor by the Senate.[3]
- Claudius makes Agrippa king of Judea.[4]
- Messalina, wife of Claudius, persuades Claudius to have Seneca the Younger banished to Corsica on a charge of adultery with Julia Livilla.[5]
- Claudius restores religious freedom to Jews throughout the empire,[6] but prohibits Jews in Rome from proselytising.[7]
- An attack across the Rhine by the Germans is stopped by the Romans.
Asia
- Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty deposes his wife, Guo Shentong, as empress, and creates his consort Yin Lihua empress in her place.[8]
By topic
Religion
- The disciples of Jesus form communities after the Diaspora, especially in Damascus and Antioch. For the first time they are called Christians.
- The death of Caligula saves the Jewish people from being punished for resisting orders to worship his statue in the Temple of Jerusalem.
Births
- February 12 – Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, son of Claudius and Messalina[9]
- Martial, Latin poet (possible birthdate)[10]
Deaths
- January 24 – Caligula, Roman Emperor (assassinated)[2]
- Julia Drusilla, daughter of Caligula (assassinated)[11]
- End of the year – Julia Livilla, daughter of Germanicus, niece of Claudius (starved to death in her exile)[12]
- Milonia Caesonia, wife of Caligula (assassinated)[11]
References
- ^ Burley, Anthony Richard (2005). The Roman government of Britain. Oxford University Press. p. 219. ISBN 9780199252374.
- ^ a b Barrett, Anthony A. (2002). Caligula: The Corruption of Power. Routledge. p. 170. ISBN 9780203137765.
- ^ a b Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004). Handbook to life in ancient Rome (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9780816050260.
- ^ Dixon, William Hepworth (1865). The holy land. Vol. 2. B. Tauchnitz. p. 222.
- ^ Moran, Michael G. (2005). Ballif, Michelle (ed.). Classical rhetorics and rhetoricians: critical studies and sources. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 343. ISBN 9780313321788.
- ^ Freedman, David Noel, ed. (2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 262. ISBN 9789053565032.
- ^ Scullard, H. H. (2010). From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68. Taylor & Francis. p. 249. ISBN 9780415584883.
- ^ Xiao Hong Lee, Lily; Stefanowska, A. D., eds. (2007). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.–618 C.E. Vol. 3. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 146–147. ISBN 9780765617507.
- ^ Wiedemann, Thomas E. J. (1989). Adults and children in the Roman Empire. Taylor & Francis. p. 124. ISBN 9780415003360.
- ^ Williams, Craig (2011). A Martial Reader: Selections from the Epigrams. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. xi. ISBN 9780865167049.
- ^ a b Varner, Eric R. (2004). Mutilation and transformation: damnatio memoriae and Roman imperial portraiture. BRILL. p. 21. ISBN 9789004135772.
- ^ Lightman, Marjorie; Lightman, Benjamin (2007). A to Z of ancient Greek and Roman women. Vol. 2. Infobase Publishing. p. 171. ISBN 9780816067107.