Hapū: Difference between revisions

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A hapū ("subtribe", or "clan"^[1]) is sometimes described as "the basic political unit within Maori society".^[2]

A named^[3] division of a Māori iwi (tribe),^[4] membership is determined by genealogical descent; a hapū is made up of a number of whānau (extended family) groups. Generally hapu range in size from 150-200 although there is no upper limit. A Maori person can belong or have links to many different hapu.

Before the arrival of Europeans the normal day to day operating group seems to have been the smaller whanau (extended family). By the 1820s Maori had learnt the benefit of working in larger groups especially when it came to trading with ships. The larger hapu could work more effectively to produce surplus flax, potatoes, smoked heads and pigs in exchange for blankets ,tobacco, axes and trade muskets. In warfare the hapu was the standard grouping for warriors during the musket war period. Hapu would united politically under their own chief, to form much larger armies up to several thousand warriors, although it was common for hapu to retain independence within the larger group.

The literal meaning of the word is "pregnant"^[5] which is a metaphor for the genealogical connection that unites the members of the hapū.

References

^ "Tribal organisation", Te Ara
^ rt-1-traditional-maori-concepts "Traditional Maori Concepts", Ministry of Justice
^ "How iwi and hapū were named", Te Ara
^ "Tribal organisation", Te Ara
^ "...hapū means both pregnant and clan...", Te Ara

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[1] "Tribal organisation", Te Ara

[2] rt-1-traditional-maori-concepts "Traditional Maori Concepts", Ministry of Justice

[3] "How iwi and hapū were named", Te Ara

[4] "Tribal organisation", Te Ara

[5] "...hapū means both pregnant and clan...", Te Ara

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 {{Refimprove|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
-A '''hapū''' ("subtribe", or "clan"<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation "Tribal organisation"], Te Ara</ref>) is sometimes described as "the basic political unit within Maori society".<ref>[http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/publications-archived/2001/he-hinatore-ki-te-ao-maori-a-glimpse-into-the-maori-world/pa rt-1-traditional-maori-concepts "Traditional Maori Concepts"], Ministry of Justice</ref> A named<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation/3 "How iwi and hapū were named"], Te Ara</ref> division of a [[Māori people|Māori]] [[iwi]] ([[tribe]]),<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation "Tribal organisation"], Te Ara</ref> membership is determined by genealogical descent; a hapū is made up of a number of [[whānau]] (extended family) groups. Generally hapu range in size from 150-200 though there is no upper limit. A Maori person can belong or have links to many different hapu. Before the arrival of Europeans the normal day to day operating group seems to have been the smaller whanau  (extended family). By the 1820s Maori had learnt the benefit of working in larger groups especially when it came to trading with ships. The larger hapu could work more effectively to produce surplus flax, potatoes,smoked heads and pigs in exchange for blankets ,tobacco, axes and trade muskets.
+A '''hapū''' ("subtribe", or "clan"<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation "Tribal organisation"], Te Ara</ref>) is sometimes described as "the basic political unit within Maori society".<ref>[http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/publications-archived/2001/he-hinatore-ki-te-ao-maori-a-glimpse-into-the-maori-world/pa rt-1-traditional-maori-concepts "Traditional Maori Concepts"], Ministry of Justice</ref>
-In warfare the hapu was the standard grouping for warriors during the musket war period. Hapu would united politically under their own chief, to form much larger armies up to several thousand warriors, although it was common for hapu to retain independence within the larger group.
+A named<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation/3 "How iwi and hapū were named"], Te Ara</ref> division of a [[Māori people|Māori]] [[iwi]] ([[tribe]]),<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation "Tribal organisation"], Te Ara</ref> membership is determined by genealogical descent; a hapū is made up of a number of [[whānau]] (extended family) groups. Generally hapu range in size from 150-200 although there is no upper limit. A Maori person can belong or have links to many different hapu.
-The literal meaning of the word is "pregnant" which is a metaphor for the genealogical connection that unites the members of the hapū.
+Before the arrival of Europeans the normal day to day operating group seems to have been the smaller whanau  (extended family). By the 1820s Maori had learnt the benefit of working in larger groups especially when it came to trading with ships. The larger hapu could work more effectively to produce surplus flax, potatoes, smoked heads and pigs in exchange for blankets ,tobacco, axes and trade muskets. In warfare the hapu was the standard grouping for warriors during the musket war period. Hapu would united politically under their own chief, to form much larger armies up to several thousand warriors, although it was common for hapu to retain independence within the larger group.
+The literal meaning of the word is "pregnant"<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/te-whanau-tamariki-pregnancy-and-birth/2 ''"...hapū means both pregnant and clan..."''], Te Ara</ref> which is a metaphor for the genealogical connection that unites the members of the hapū.
 ==See also==