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I have transferred the bulk of this article to a new more detailed and properly referenced article SR Class 4Sub. Most of what was previously here did not relate to BR class 405
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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox DMU
{{Infobox DMU
| name = <font color="#FFFFFF">British Rail Class 405</font>
| name = <font color="#FFFFFF">British Rail Class 405</font>
| image = 4Sub.jpg
| image = SR 4-sub 4101.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Prototype 4-sub Unit
| caption = 4Sub Motor Car at [[National Railway Museum]] in York
| background = #008000
| background = #008000
| manufacturer = SR Eastleigh
| manufacturer = SR Eastleigh
| formation = power car + 2 trailer cars + power car
| formation = power car + 2 trailer cars + power car
| numberbuilt = Unknown
| numberbuilt = 185 sets
| service = 1914-1983
| service = 1941-1983
| weight = DMBS - {{convert|39|-|43|LT|abbr=on}}
| weight = DMBS - {{convert|39|-|43|LT|abbr=on}}
| capacity =
| capacity =
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}}
}}


Under the [[British Rail]] [[TOPS]] computer system, Class 415 was allocated to surviving examples of the [[Southern Railway (United Kingdom)]] 4-Sub Class [[electric multiple unit]]s built between 1941 and 1951. Details of the origins and history of that class are found in the [[SR Class 4Sub]] article.
The [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway (SR)]] gave the designation '''Sub''' to the wide variety of [[electric multiple unit]]s that were used on inner-suburban workings in the South London area. Originally these units were formed as three-car units, but in the 1940s, all surviving units were increased to four cars by the addition of an 'Augmentation' trailer. New four-car units were also built at this time, and these survived in passenger use until late 1983, by which time [[British Rail]] had allocated to them [[TOPS]] '''Class 405'''.


==Formations==
==History==
179 out of the 184 new units constructed between 1946 and 1951 were still surviving at the introduction of the TOPS computer system in the early 1970s,<ref>Williams and Percival (1973).</ref> but were expected to have limited working lives. All surviving units were allocated to Class 405, but divided into two sub-classes. Sub-class 405/1 included the former Southern Railway sets numbered between 4112 and 4387, and sub-class 405/2 included the former British Railways sets built after 1949 and numbered 4601 and 4753.<ref>Williams and Percival (1973).</ref> All had been withdrawn by 1983.
The history of these units is very complex. Many of the 3-SUB units were rebuilt from former locomotive-hauled stock or the AC electric units built by the [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]]. They were then further converted to 4Sub units during the 1940s (the last 3Sub formation ran in 1949) by the addition of a new 'Augmentation' trailer car and renumbered.


==Preservation==
The 3-SUB units had operated as 8-car formations during peak periods from the 1920s until 1949 by inserting two-coach trailer sets, formed of converted old steam-hauled vehicles fitted with multiple unit jumper cables, in between two of the 3-car units. This inconvenient approach for marshalling the sets (the trailer sets had no driving cabs) was finally changed to using two 4-car units, not by the straightforward approach of inserting the trailer cars inside the 3-car sets, but by building new steel trailers, which themselves were of completely different and more modern appearence.
Class 405/2 unit number 4732 is currently Stored at the [[Coventry Railway Centre|Electric Railway Museum, Baginton]].


==References==
The table below illustrates the basic details of units within the broad number ranges used:
{{Clear}}
{{reflist}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Unit Numbers
!Type
!Introduced
!Formation
!Notes
|-
|989-1200
| -
|1920–1937
|Various
|Two-car Sub Trailer sets. Converted from [[London and South Western Railway|LSWR]], [[South Eastern and Chatham Railway|SECR]] and [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway|LBSCR]] steam stock and LBSCR AC electric stock. Disbanded between 1941–1948, some cars used to augment 3Sub to 4Sub.
|-
|1201–1284
|3Sub
|1914–1917
|DMBT+TC+DMBC
|Built by [[London and South Western Railway]], their numbers E1-E84, ex-steam stock. Most augmented to 4131-4171 and 4195-4234 series in 1942-1948.
|-
|1285–1310
|3Sub
|1925
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Western Section (London to Guildford & Dorking) units, new-build, short frames. Augmented to 4300-4325 series in 1945-1946.
|-
|1401–1495
|3Sub
|1925–1926
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Eastern Section units, ex-[[South Eastern and Chatham Railway|SECR]] steam stock. Most augmented to 4431-4594 series in 1946-1949.
|-
|1496–1524
|3Sub
|1925
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Eastern Section units, new-build, standard frames. Augmented to 4326-4354 series in 1945-1946.
|-
|1525–1534
|3Sub
|1926
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Eastern Section units, ex-[[South Eastern and Chatham Railway|SECR]] steam stock. Most augmented to 4431-4594 series in 1946-1949.
|-
|1579–1599
|3Sub
|1932–1937
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Ex-LSWR steam stock. Most augmented to 4401-4594 series.
|-
|1601–1630
|3Sub
|1927–1928
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Central Section units, ex-[[South Eastern and Chatham Railway|SECR]] steam stock. Most augmented to 4431-4516 series.
|-
|1631–1657
|3Sub
|1928–1929
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Central Section units, ex-LBSCR steam stock. Most augmented to 4517-4614 series.
|-
|1658–1701
|3Sub
|1927–1928
|DMBT+TC+DMBC
|Central Section units, ex-LSWR steam stock. Most augmented to 4172-4194 and 4235-4250 series.
|-
|1702–1716
|3Sub
|1928
|DMBT+TC+DMBC
|Central Section units, ex-LBSCR steam stock. Most augmented to 4517-4614 series.
|-
|1717–1772
|3Sub
|1929–1930
|DMBT+TC+DMBC
|Central Section units, ex-LBSCR AC electric stock. Most augmented to 4517-4579 series.
|-
|1773–1785
|3Sub
|1930–1931
|DMBT+TC+DMBC
|Ex-LSWR steam stock. Most augmented to 4517-4614 series.
|-
|1786–1796
|3Sub
|1931–1932
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Ex-LSWR steam stock. Most augmented to 4517-4614 series.
|-
|1797–1801
|3Sub
|1932
|DMBT+TC+DMBT
|Ex-LBSCR steam stock. 1801 later renumbered 1600. Some augmented to 4580-4614 series.
|-
|4101
|4Sub
|1941
|DMBT+TT+TC+DMBT
|Prototype new-build, steel bodied 4Sub unit with domed cab roof.
|-
|4102-4110
|4Sub
|1944–1945
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|New-build, steel bodied 4Sub units with domed cab roof.
|-
|4111-4120
|4Sub
|1946
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|New-build, steel bodied 4Sub units with vertical cab roof.
|-
|4121-4130
|4Sub
|1946
|DMBTo+TTo+TT+DMBTo
|New-build, steel bodied 4Sub units with vertical cab roof.
|-
|4131-4171
|4Sub
|1942–1948
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Ex-3Sub units, with additional ex-3Sub trailer car.
|-
|4131-4132
|4Sub
|1969
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Second use of unit numbers. Formed from spare steel-bodied Sub cars, including those used in the [[British Rail Class 401#7TC|'''7TC''']] unit.
|-
|4172-4194
|4Sub
|1947–1948
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Ex-3Sub units, with steel-bodied ''Augmentation'' trailer.
|-
|4195-4234
|4Sub
|1942–1948
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Ex-3Sub units, with additional ex-3Sub trailer car.
|-
|4235-4249
|4Sub
|1947–1949
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Ex-3Sub units, with steel-bodied ''Augmentation'' trailer.
|-
|4250-4257
|4Sub
|1942–1948
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Formed from a variety of spare Sub cars.
|-
|4277-4299
|4Sub
|1948–1949
|DMBTO+TTO+TT+DMBTO
|New build, steel-bodied 4Sub units.
|-
|4300-4354
|4Sub
|1945–1946
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Ex-3Sub units, with steel-bodied ''Augementation'' trailer.
|-
|4355-4376
|4Sub
|1947–1948
|DMBT-TT-TT-DMBT
|New build, steel-bodied 4Sub units.
|-
|4377
|4Sub
|1947
|DMBT-TTO-TT-DMBT
|New build, steel-bodied 4Sub unit, including prototype full saloon trailer car.
|-
|4378-4387
|4Sub
|1948
|DMBTO+TTO+TT+DMBTO
|New build, steel-bodied 4Sub units.
|-
|4401-4594
|4Sub
|1946–1947
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|Ex-3Sub units, with steel-bodied ''Augmentation'' trailer.
|-
|4601-4608, 4610/13/14
|4Sub
|1947
|DMBT+TT+TT+DMBT
|First use of unit numbers. Ex-3Sub units, with steel-bodied ''Augmentation'' trailer.
|-
|4601-4607
|4Sub
|1950
|DMBTO+TT+TT+DMBTO
|Second use of unit numbers. New Driving Motor cars formed with trailers built between 1946-48.
|-
|4617-4620
|4Sub
|1972–1976
|
|Formed from spare Sub cars built between 1946-1950.
|-
|4621-4754
|4Sub
|1949–1951
|DMBTO+TT+TT+DMBTO
|Most cars had new bodies on old frames, though some were entirely new build. 4667-4754 included an ''Augmentation'' trailer from withdrawn units.
|-
|}

==Preservation==
A handful of Sub stock carriages have survived in preservation, thus:
* Driving Motor car number 8143 (formerly of Sub unit 1293, later 4Sub 4308) is in the care of the [[National Railway Museum]], [[York]].
* 4Sub unit number 4732, formed of DMBTO 12795, TT 10239, TTO 12354 and DMBTO 12796, was retained by [[British Rail]] after withdrawal from normal passenger service for use on special occasions. It is currently Stored at the [[Coventry Railway Centre|Electric Railway Museum, Baginton]], after spending many years stored in the open at various locations.


<gallery>
<gallery>

Revision as of 14:53, 31 October 2011

British Rail Class 405
Prototype 4-sub Unit
In service1941-1983
ManufacturerSR Eastleigh
Number built185 sets
Formationpower car + 2 trailer cars + power car
OperatorsSouthern Railway and British Railways
Specifications
Maximum speed75 mph 121 km/h
WeightDMBS - 39–43 long tons (40–44 t)
Prime mover(s)Early units: 4 x 275 hp (205 kW) traction motors
total 1,100 hp (820 kW)
Later units: 4 x 250 hp (190 kW) traction motors
total 1,000 hp (750 kW)
Braking system(s)Air (Westinghouse)

Under the British Rail TOPS computer system, Class 415 was allocated to surviving examples of the Southern Railway (United Kingdom) 4-Sub Class electric multiple units built between 1941 and 1951. Details of the origins and history of that class are found in the SR Class 4Sub article.

History

179 out of the 184 new units constructed between 1946 and 1951 were still surviving at the introduction of the TOPS computer system in the early 1970s,[1] but were expected to have limited working lives. All surviving units were allocated to Class 405, but divided into two sub-classes. Sub-class 405/1 included the former Southern Railway sets numbered between 4112 and 4387, and sub-class 405/2 included the former British Railways sets built after 1949 and numbered 4601 and 4753.[2] All had been withdrawn by 1983.

Preservation

Class 405/2 unit number 4732 is currently Stored at the Electric Railway Museum, Baginton.

References

  1. ^ Williams and Percival (1973).
  2. ^ Williams and Percival (1973).
  • Unit 4692 at Beckenham Junction 1979
    Unit 4692 at Beckenham Junction 1979
  • Unit 4617 at Epsom 1979
    Unit 4617 at Epsom 1979
  • Unit 4729 at Epsom 1979
    Unit 4729 at Epsom 1979
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