Half-metal: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Half metar sattar.JPG|thumb|Electronic structure of a half-metal that is conducting in the minority spin channel.]] |
[[Image:Half metar sattar.JPG|thumb|Electronic structure of a half-metal that is conducting in the minority spin channel.]] |
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A '''half-metal''' is any substance that acts as a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] to [[electron]]s of one [[spin (physics)|spin]] orientation, but as an [[Electrical insulation|insulator]] or [[semiconductor]] to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are [[Ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] (or [[Ferrimagnetism|ferrimagnetic]]), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are [[Oxide|oxides]], [[Sulfide|sulfides]], or [[Heusler alloy|Heusler alloys]].<ref name=COEY02>{{cite journal |first1=J.M.D. |last1=Coey |first2=M.|last2=Venkatesan|year=2002 |title=Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2|journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |page=8345-8350 |doi=10.1063/1.1447879}}</ref> A half-metal should not be confused with a [[semi-metal]]. |
A '''half-metal''' is any substance that acts as a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] to [[electron]]s of one [[spin (physics)|spin]] orientation, but as an [[Electrical insulation|insulator]] or [[semiconductor]] to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are [[Ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] (or [[Ferrimagnetism|ferrimagnetic]]), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are [[Oxide|oxides]], [[Sulfide|sulfides]], or [[Heusler alloy|Heusler alloys]].<ref name=COEY02>{{cite journal |first1=J.M.D. |last1=Coey |first2=M.|last2=Venkatesan|year=2002 |title=Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2|journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |page=8345-8350 |doi=10.1063/1.1447879|bibcode = 2002JAP....91.8345C }}</ref> A half-metal should not be confused with a [[semi-metal]]. |
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In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results is conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is. |
In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results is conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is. |
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Revision as of 15:08, 3 March 2012
A half-metal is any substance that acts as a conductor to electrons of one spin orientation, but as an insulator or semiconductor to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are oxides, sulfides, or Heusler alloys.[1] A half-metal should not be confused with a semi-metal.
In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results is conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is.
Some notable half-metals are chromium(IV) oxide, magnetite, and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO), [1] as well as chromium arsenide. Half-metals have attracted some interest for their potential use in spintronics.
References
- ^ a b Coey, J.M.D.; Venkatesan, M. (2002). "Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2". Journal of Applied Physics. 91 (10): 8345-8350. Bibcode:2002JAP....91.8345C. doi:10.1063/1.1447879.
- Son, Y.W.; Cohen, M.L.; Louie, S.G. (2006). Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons Nature 444: 347-349.
- http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~ah566/research/half_metals.html
- http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/People/Michael.Coey/oxsen/newsletter/january98/halfmeta.htm
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