Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria

Henry XIII of Bavaria, member of the Wittelsbach dynasty (19 November 1235 – 3 February 1290 in Burghausen) was Duke of Lower Bavaria. As Duke of Lower Bavaria he is also called Henry I.

Family

He was the younger son of Otto II and the Countess of Palatinate Agnes of Brunswick.

His maternal grandparents were Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Agnes of Hohenstaufen. Agnes was a daughter of Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine.

Biography

In 1254 he succeeded his father together with his brother Louis II in Bavaria and the Palatinate. The brothers divided their land in 1255 against the law, Henry received Lower Bavaria and Louis Upper Bavaria and the Palatinate. It was the first of many divisions of the duchy. Henry resided in Landshut, in 1255 the work for the main castle of Burghausen Castle was begun.

As the division of the duchy was against the law it caused anger of the Bishops in Bavaria who allied with Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1257. In August 1257 Ottokar invaded Bavaria, but Henry and Louis managed to repulse the attack. It was one of the rare concerted and harmonious actions of both brothers who often argued. Henry was also later several times in war against the Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Bishop of Passau. During the conflict of King Rudolph I of Germany with Ottokar II Duke Henry repeatedly changed allegiance.

Henry XIII was succeeded by his oldest son Otto III, who also became king of Hungary. Henry's branch died out in 1340 and was inherited by Louis' son Emperor Louis IV.

Marriage and children

In 1250, Henry married Elizabeth of Hungary. She was a daughter of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. They had ten children:

• Agnes of Wittelsbach (January 1254 – 20 October 1315). Joined the Cistercian Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun.
• Agnes of Wittelsbach (17 July 1255 – 10 May 1260). Shares a name with her older sister.
• Agnes of Wittelsbach (29 October 1256 – 16 November 1260). Shares a name with two older sisters.
• Elizabeth of Wittelsbach (23 April 1258 – 8 August 1314). Joined the Cistercian Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun.
• Otto III, Duke of Bavaria (11 February 1261 – 9 November 1312).
• Henry of Wittelsbach (23 February 1262 – 16 September 1280).
• Sophie of Wittelsbach (c. 1264 – 4 February 1282). Married Poppo VIII, Count of Henneberg.
• Catherine of Wittelbach (9 June 1267 – 9 January 1310). Married Frederick Tuta, Margrave of Meissen.
• Louis III, Duke of Bavaria (9 October 1269 – 9 October 1296).
• Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria (14 March 1271 – 10 December 1310).

Ancestry

Family of Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria

16. Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach 8. Otto I, Duke of Bavaria 17. Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld 4. Louis I, Duke of Bavaria 18. Louis I, Count of Loon 9. Agnes of Loon 19. Agnes of Metz 2. Otto II, Duke of Bavaria 20. Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia 10. Frederick, Duke of Bohemia 21. Gertrude of Babenberg 5. Ludmilla of Bohemia 22. Géza II of Hungary 11. Elizabeth of Hungary 23. Euphrosyne of Kiev 1. Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria 24. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria 12. Henry the Lion 25. Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 6. Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine 26. Henry II of England 13. Matilda of England 27. Eleanor of Aquitaine 3. Agnes of the Palatinate 28. Frederick II, Duke of Swabia 14. Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine 29. Agnes of Saarbrücken 7. Agnes of Hohenstaufen 30. Berthold I, Count of Henneberg 15. Irmingard of Henneberg 31. Bertha of Putelendorf

External links

• His listing along with his wife in "Medieval lands" by Charles Cawley. The project "involves extracting and analysing detailed information from primary sources, including contemporary chronicles, cartularies, necrologies and testaments."
• A listing of descendants of Otto I, Count of Scheyern, including Henry XIII and his children