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It is found in [[Belize]], [[Guatemala]], and [[Mexico]].<ref>Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996.</ref><ref>Simmons 2005, p. 312-529</ref>
It is found in [[Belize]], [[Guatemala]], and [[Mexico]].<ref>Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996.</ref><ref>Simmons 2005, p. 312-529</ref>


===General Information===
==General Information==

[[Oldfield Thomas]] named this bat in 1904.<ref>Beolens, Watkins, and Grayson 2009, p. 205.</ref> It is presumed that he named it after the [[Io (mythology)|Io]] found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” <ref>Beolens, Watkins, and Grayson 2009, p. 205.</ref>
[[Oldfield Thomas]] named this bat in 1904.<ref>Beolens, Watkins, and Grayson 2009, p. 205.</ref> It is presumed that he named it after the [[Io (mythology)|Io]] found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” <ref>Beolens, Watkins, and Grayson 2009, p. 205.</ref>
The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref> This assumption that the population is decreasing comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes: vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref> This assumption that the population is decreasing comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes: vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
Line 24: Line 25:
There are no subspecies for ''Balantiopteryx io.'' <ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194.</ref>
There are no subspecies for ''Balantiopteryx io.'' <ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194.</ref>


===Appearance===
==Appearance==

It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus ''Balantiopteryx,'' and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of ''[[Balantiopteryx plicata]]''. <ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.</ref>
It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus ''Balantiopteryx,'' and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of ''[[Balantiopteryx plicata]]''. <ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.</ref>
The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.</ref>
The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.</ref>


===Reproduction===
==Reproduction==

There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref>
There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref>


===Habits===
==Habits==

This bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance with some light, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref> It has also been found in railroad tunnels.<ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194</ref> It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref> Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in the colony.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
This bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance with some light, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref> It has also been found in railroad tunnels.<ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194</ref> It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref> Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in the colony.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
It feeds after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
It feeds after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>

Revision as of 01:58, 29 December 2012

Thomas's Sac-winged Bat
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Chiroptera
Family:
Emballonuridae
Genus:
Balantiopteryx
Species:
B. io
Binomial name
Balantiopteryx io
Thomas, 1904
Thomas's Sac-Winged Bat range

Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico.[1][2]

General Information

Oldfield Thomas named this bat in 1904.[3] It is presumed that he named it after the Io found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” [4] The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.[5] This assumption that the population is decreasing comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes: vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.[6] Balantiopteryx io is a sister species of Balantiopteryx infusca.[7] There are no subspecies for Balantiopteryx io. [8]

Appearance

It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus Balantiopteryx, and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of Balantiopteryx plicata. [9] The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.[10]

Reproduction

There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.[11]

Habits

This bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance with some light, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.[12] It has also been found in railroad tunnels.[13] It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.[14] Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in the colony.[15] It feeds after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.[16] These bats are insectivores.[17]

Notes

  1. ^ Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996.
  2. ^ Simmons 2005, p. 312-529
  3. ^ Beolens, Watkins, and Grayson 2009, p. 205.
  4. ^ Beolens, Watkins, and Grayson 2009, p. 205.
  5. ^ Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008
  6. ^ Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008
  7. ^ Gardner 2008, p. 194.
  8. ^ Gardner 2008, p. 194.
  9. ^ Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.
  10. ^ Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.
  11. ^ Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.
  12. ^ Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.
  13. ^ Gardner 2008, p. 194
  14. ^ Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.
  15. ^ Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008
  16. ^ Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008
  17. ^ Nowak 1994, p. 96

References

  • Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin, and J. Knox Jones, Jr. "Balantiopteryx io and infusca." Mammalian Species 313 (1988): 1-3. <http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-313-01-0001.pdf>.
  • Beolens, Bo, Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson. The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2009. Print.
  • Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. Balantiopteryx io. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 19 July 2007.
  • Gardner, Alfred L. Mammals of South America. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008. Print.
  • Lim, B., Miller, B., Reid, F., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Cuarón, A.D. & de Grammont, P.C. 2008. " Balantiopteryx io." In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Accessed 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2532/0>.
  • Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's Bats of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. Print.
  • Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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