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Class: vanadates: move oxides
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**<nowiki>##</nowiki>x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
**<nowiki>##</nowiki>x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter


=== Class: arsenates ===
=== Class: arsenates and vanadates ===
* 08.A Arsenates without additional anions, without H<sub>2</sub>O
* 08.A Arsenates and vanadates without additional anions, without H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.AA With small cations (some also with larger ones): 05 [[Alarsite]]
** 08.AA With small cations (some also with larger ones): 05 [[Alarsite]]
** 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 25 [[Xanthiosite]], 30 [[Lammerite]], 35 [[Stranskiite]]
** 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 25 [[Xanthiosite]], 30 [[Lammerite]], 35 [[Stranskiite]]
** 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 [[Arseniopleite]], 10 [[Caryinite]], 10 [[Yazganite]], 10 [[Johillerite]], 10 [[Odanielite]], 10 [[Nickenichite]], 10 [[Bradaczekite]]; 25 [[Berzeliite]], 25 [[Manganberzeliite]], 80 [[Tillmannsite]] 85 [[Filatovite]]
** 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 [[Arseniopleite]], 10 [[Caryinite]], 10 [[Yazganite]], 10 [[Johillerite]], 10 [[Odanielite]], 10 [[Nickenichite]], 10 [[Bradaczekite]]; 25 [[Berzeliite]], 25 [[Manganberzeliite]], 80 [[Tillmannsite]] 85 [[Filatovite]]
** 08.AD With only large cations: 10 [[Svenekite]], 10 [[Weilite]]; 30 [[Schultenite]], 35 [[Chernovite-(Y)]]; 50 [[Gasparite-(Ce)]], 50 [[Rooseveltite]]; 55 [[Tetrarooseveltite]], 60 [[Chursinite]]
** 08.AD With only large cations: 10 [[Svenekite]], 10 [[Weilite]]; 30 [[Schultenite]], 35 [[Chernovite-(Y)]]; 50 [[Gasparite-(Ce)]], 50 [[Rooseveltite]]; 55 [[Tetrarooseveltite]], 60 [[Chursinite]]
** 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 35 [[Mcbirneyite]], 40 [[Lyonsite]]
* 08.B Arsenates with Additional Anions, without H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 05 [[Howardevansite]]; 25 [[Palenzonaite]], 25 [[Schaferite]]; 75 [[Ronneburgite]], 80 [[Tillmannsite]]
** 08.AD With only large cations: 35 [[Wakefieldite]]-(La), 35 Wakefieldite-(Nd), 35 Wakefieldite-(Ce), 35 Wakefieldite-(Y), 35 [[Dreyerite]]; 40 [[Pucherite]], 65 [[Clinobisvanite]]
* 08.B Arsenates and vanadates with additional anions, without H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 10 [[Bergslagite]]
** 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 10 [[Bergslagite]]
** 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> £ 1:1: 15 [[Sarkinite]]; 30 [[Zincolivenite]], 30 [[Eveite]], 30 [[Olivenite]], 30 [[Adamite]]; 35 [[Paradamite]], 40 [[Wilhelmkleinite]], 60 [[Urusovite]], 65 [[Theoparacelsite]]
** 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> £ 1:1: 15 [[Sarkinite]]; 30 [[Zincolivenite]], 30 [[Eveite]], 30 [[Olivenite]], 30 [[Adamite]]; 35 [[Paradamite]], 40 [[Wilhelmkleinite]], 60 [[Urusovite]], 65 [[Theoparacelsite]]
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** 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 0.33:1: 05 [[Fermorite]], 05 [[Johnbaumite]], 05 [[Clinomimetite]], 05 [[Hedyphane]], 05 [[Mimetite]], 05 [[Morelandite]], 05 [[Svabite]], 05 [[Turneaureite]]
** 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 0.33:1: 05 [[Fermorite]], 05 [[Johnbaumite]], 05 [[Clinomimetite]], 05 [[Hedyphane]], 05 [[Mimetite]], 05 [[Morelandite]], 05 [[Svabite]], 05 [[Turneaureite]]
** 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> 1:1: 10 [[Preisingerite]], 15 [[Atelestite]], 20 [[Sahlinite]], 35 [[Kuznetsovite]], 45 [[Schlegelite]]
** 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> 1:1: 10 [[Preisingerite]], 15 [[Atelestite]], 20 [[Sahlinite]], 35 [[Kuznetsovite]], 45 [[Schlegelite]]
** 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> £ 1:1: 50 [[Namibite]], 70 [[Turanite]], 75 [[Stoiberite]], 80 [[Fingerite]], 85 [[Averievite]]
* 08.C Arsenates without Additional Anions, with H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 2:1: 20 [[Reppiaite]]
** 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 2:1: 45 [[Turtmannite]], 80 [[Coparsite]]
** 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> < 0.5:1: 20 [[Nabiasite]]
** 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 0.5:1: 05 [[Brackebuschite]], 05 [[Gamagarite]], 05 [[Tokyoite]], 05 [[Bushmakinite]], 05 [[Calderonite]]
** 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:1: 35 [[Tangeite]], 35 [[Gottlobite]], 40 [[Descloizite]], 40 [[Cechite]], 40 [[Pyrobelonite]], 40 [[Mottramite]], 40 [[Duhamelite]]?, 45 [[Vesignieite]], 65 [[Leningradite]]
** 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.): 20 [[Heyite]]
** 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 3:1: 20 [[Dugganite]], 20 [[Cheremnykhite]]
** 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 0.33:1: 05 [[Vanadinite]]
** 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> 1:1: 10 [[Schumacherite]], 15 [[Hechtsbergite]], 20 [[Kombatite]]
* 08.C Arsenates and vanadates without additional anions, with H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 35 [[Warikahnite]], 50 [[Keyite]], 55 [[Pushcharovskite]], 60 [[Prosperite]]
** 08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 35 [[Warikahnite]], 50 [[Keyite]], 55 [[Pushcharovskite]], 60 [[Prosperite]]
** 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:1: 10 IMA2008-066, 10 IMA2008-047, 10 [[Sainfeldite]], 10 [[Villyaellenite]]; 15 [[Krautite]], 15 [[Fluckite]]; 20 [[Cobaltkoritnigite]], 20 [[Koritnigite]]; 25 [[Yvonite]], 30 [[Geminite]], 40 [[Radovanite]], 55 [[Irhtemite]], 60 [[Burgessite]]
** 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:1: 10 IMA2008-066, 10 IMA2008-047, 10 [[Sainfeldite]], 10 [[Villyaellenite]]; 15 [[Krautite]], 15 [[Fluckite]]; 20 [[Cobaltkoritnigite]], 20 [[Koritnigite]]; 25 [[Yvonite]], 30 [[Geminite]], 40 [[Radovanite]], 55 [[Irhtemite]], 60 [[Burgessite]]
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** 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O < 1:1: 05 [[Walentaite]], 15 [[Picropharmacolite]]; 55 [[Smolianinovite]], 55 [[Fahleite]]; 60 [[Barahonaite]]-(Fe), 60 Barahonaite-(Al)
** 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O < 1:1: 05 [[Walentaite]], 15 [[Picropharmacolite]]; 55 [[Smolianinovite]], 55 [[Fahleite]]; 60 [[Barahonaite]]-(Fe), 60 Barahonaite-(Al)
** 08.CJ With only large cations: 20 [[Haidingerite]], 25 [[Vladimirite]], 30 [[Ferrarisite]], 35 [[Machatschkiite]]; 40 [[Phaunouxite]], 40 [[Rauenthalite]]; 50 [[Pharmacolite]], 55 [[Mcnearite]], 75 [[Guerinite]]
** 08.CJ With only large cations: 20 [[Haidingerite]], 25 [[Vladimirite]], 30 [[Ferrarisite]], 35 [[Machatschkiite]]; 40 [[Phaunouxite]], 40 [[Rauenthalite]]; 50 [[Pharmacolite]], 55 [[Mcnearite]], 75 [[Guerinite]]
** 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:1: 35 [[Schubnelite]], 45 [[Kazakhstanite]], 50 [[Kolovratite]]
* 08.D Arsenates
** 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O £ 1:2.5: 65 [[Steigerite]]; 70 [[Metaschoderite]], 70 [[Schoderite]]
** 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:1: 15 [[Mounanaite]], 15 [[Krettnichite]], 25 [[Pottsite]]
** 08.CJ With only large cations: 65 [[Sincosite]], 65 [[Bariosincosite]]
* 08.D arsenates and vanadates
** 08.DA With small (and occasionally larger) cations: 05 [[Bearsite]], 35 [[Philipsburgite]]
** 08.DA With small (and occasionally larger) cations: 05 [[Bearsite]], 35 [[Philipsburgite]]
** 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> < 1:1: 05 [[Pitticite]], [[35 Sarmientite]], 40 [[Bukovskyite]], 45 [[Zykaite]], 75 [[Braithwaiteite]]
** 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> < 1:1: 05 [[Pitticite]], [[35 Sarmientite]], 40 [[Bukovskyite]], 45 [[Zykaite]], 75 [[Braithwaiteite]]
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** 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 2:1: 15 [[Agardite]]-(Dy), 15 Agardite-(Ca), 15 Agardite-(Ce), 15 Agardite-(La), 15 Agardite-(Nd), 15 Agardite-(Y), 15 [[Goudeyite]], 15 [[Zalesiite]], 15 [[Mixite]], 15 [[Plumboagardite]], 20 [[Joelbruggerite]], 20 [[Wallkilldellite-(Fe)]], 20 [[Wallkilldellite]]
** 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 2:1: 15 [[Agardite]]-(Dy), 15 Agardite-(Ca), 15 Agardite-(Ce), 15 Agardite-(La), 15 Agardite-(Nd), 15 Agardite-(Y), 15 [[Goudeyite]], 15 [[Zalesiite]], 15 [[Mixite]], 15 [[Plumboagardite]], 20 [[Joelbruggerite]], 20 [[Wallkilldellite-(Fe)]], 20 [[Wallkilldellite]]
** 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 2:1: 05 [[Esperanzaite]], 10 [[Clinotyrolite]], 10 [[Tyrolite]], 15 [[Natrobetpakdalite]], 15 [[Betpakdalite]], 25 [[Yukonite]]
** 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 2:1: 05 [[Esperanzaite]], 10 [[Clinotyrolite]], 10 [[Tyrolite]], 15 [[Natrobetpakdalite]], 15 [[Betpakdalite]], 25 [[Yukonite]]
** 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:1 and < 2:1: 32 [[Tinticite]]; 60 [[Cloncurryite]]
* 08.E Uranyl Arsenates
** 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 3:1: 15 [[Rusakovite]]
** 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 2:1: 20 [[Phosphovanadylite]], 40 [[Santafeite]]
* 08.E Uranyl arsenates
** 08.EA UO<sub>2</sub>:RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:2: 05 [[Orthowalpurgite]], 05 [[Walpurgite]]; 10 [[Hallimondite]]
** 08.EA UO<sub>2</sub>:RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:2: 05 [[Orthowalpurgite]], 05 [[Walpurgite]]; 10 [[Hallimondite]]
** 08.EB UO<sub>2</sub>:RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:1: 05 [[Metarauchite]], 05 [[Heinrichite]], 05 [[Kahlerite]], 05 [[Novacekite]], 05 [[Uranospinite]], 05 [[Zeunerite]]; 10 [[Metazeunerite]], 10 [[Metauranospinite]], 10 [[Metaheinrichite]], 10 [[Metakahlerite]], 10 [[Metakirchheimerite]], 10 [[Metalodevite]], 10 [[Metanovacekite]]; 15 [[Uramarsite]], 15 [[Trogerite]], 15 [[Abernathyite]], 15 [[Natrouranospinite]]; 20 [[Chistyakovaite]], 25 [[Arsenuranospathite]]
** 08.EB UO<sub>2</sub>:RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:1: 05 [[Metarauchite]], 05 [[Heinrichite]], 05 [[Kahlerite]], 05 [[Novacekite]], 05 [[Uranospinite]], 05 [[Zeunerite]]; 10 [[Metazeunerite]], 10 [[Metauranospinite]], 10 [[Metaheinrichite]], 10 [[Metakahlerite]], 10 [[Metakirchheimerite]], 10 [[Metalodevite]], 10 [[Metanovacekite]]; 15 [[Uramarsite]], 15 [[Trogerite]], 15 [[Abernathyite]], 15 [[Natrouranospinite]]; 20 [[Chistyakovaite]], 25 [[Arsenuranospathite]]
** 08.EC UO<sub>2</sub>:RO<sub>4</sub> = 3:2: 10 [[Arsenuranylite]], 15 [[Hugelite]], 20 [[Arsenovanmeersscheite]], 45 [[Nielsbohrite]]
** 08.EC UO<sub>2</sub>:RO<sub>4</sub> = 3:2: 10 [[Arsenuranylite]], 15 [[Hugelite]], 20 [[Arsenovanmeersscheite]], 45 [[Nielsbohrite]]
** 08.ED Unclassified: 10 [[Asselbornite]]
** 08.ED Unclassified: 10 [[Asselbornite]]
* 08.F Polyarsenates
* 08.F Polyarsenates and [4]-polyvanadates
** 08.FA Polyarsenates, without OH and H<sub>2</sub>O; dimers of corner-sharing RO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra: 25 [[Petewilliamsite]]
** 08.FA Polyarsenates, without OH and H<sub>2</sub>O; dimers of corner-sharing RO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra: 25 [[Petewilliamsite]]
* 08.X Unclassified Strunz Arsenates
** 08.XX Unknown: 00 [[Kamarizaite]], 00 [[Chernovite-(Ce)]]*, 00 [[Arsenobismite]]?, 00 [[Slavkovite]], 00 [[Lapeyreite]], 00 IMA2000-020, 00 IMA2008-063, 00 IMA2009-002, IMA2009-016

=== Class: vanadates ===

* 08.A Vanadates without additional anions, without H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 35 [[Mcbirneyite]], 40 [[Lyonsite]]
** 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 05 [[Howardevansite]]; 25 [[Palenzonaite]], 25 [[Schaferite]]; 75 [[Ronneburgite]], 80 [[Tillmannsite]]
** 08.AD With only large cations: 35 [[Wakefieldite]]-(La), 35 Wakefieldite-(Nd), 35 Wakefieldite-(Ce), 35 Wakefieldite-(Y), 35 [[Dreyerite]]; 40 [[Pucherite]], 65 [[Clinobisvanite]]
* 08.B Vanadates with Additional Anions, without H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> £ 1:1: 50 [[Namibite]], 70 [[Turanite]], 75 [[Stoiberite]], 80 [[Fingerite]], 85 [[Averievite]]
** 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 2:1: 20 [[Reppiaite]]
** 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 2:1: 45 [[Turtmannite]], 80 [[Coparsite]]
** 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> < 0.5:1: 20 [[Nabiasite]]
** 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 0.5:1: 05 [[Brackebuschite]], 05 [[Gamagarite]], 05 [[Tokyoite]], 05 [[Bushmakinite]], 05 [[Calderonite]]
** 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:1: 35 [[Tangeite]], 35 [[Gottlobite]], 40 [[Descloizite]], 40 [[Cechite]], 40 [[Pyrobelonite]], 40 [[Mottramite]], 40 [[Duhamelite]]?, 45 [[Vesignieite]], 65 [[Leningradite]]
** 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.): 20 [[Heyite]]
** 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 3:1: 20 [[Dugganite]], 20 [[Cheremnykhite]]
** 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 0.33:1: 05 [[Vanadinite]]
** 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> 1:1: 10 [[Schumacherite]], 15 [[Hechtsbergite]], 20 [[Kombatite]]
* 08.C Vanadates without Additional Anions, with H<sub>2</sub>O
** 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:1: 35 [[Schubnelite]], 45 [[Kazakhstanite]], 50 [[Kolovratite]]
** 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O £ 1:2.5: 65 [[Steigerite]]; 70 [[Metaschoderite]], 70 [[Schoderite]]
** 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO<sub>4</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:1: 15 [[Mounanaite]], 15 [[Krettnichite]], 25 [[Pottsite]]
** 08.CJ With only large cations: 65 [[Sincosite]], 65 [[Bariosincosite]]
* 08.D Vanadates
** 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> = 1:1 and < 2:1: 32 [[Tinticite]]; 60 [[Cloncurryite]]
** 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 3:1: 15 [[Rusakovite]]
** 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO<sub>4</sub> > 2:1: 20 [[Phosphovanadylite]], 40 [[Santafeite]]
* 08.F [4]-Polyvanadates
** 08.FA [4]-Polyvanadates, without OH and H<sub>2</sub>O; dimers of corner-sharing RO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra: 05 [[Blossite]], 10 [[Ziesite]], 15 [[Chervetite]]
** 08.FA [4]-Polyvanadates, without OH and H<sub>2</sub>O; dimers of corner-sharing RO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra: 05 [[Blossite]], 10 [[Ziesite]], 15 [[Chervetite]]
** 08.FC [4]-Polyvanadates, with H<sub>2</sub>O only: 05 [[Fianelite]], 15 [[Pintadoite]]
** 08.FC [4]-Polyvanadates, with H<sub>2</sub>O only: 05 [[Fianelite]], 15 [[Pintadoite]]
** 08.FD [4]-Polyvanadates, with OH and H<sub>2</sub>O: 05 [[Martyite]], 05 [[Volborthite]]
** 08.FD [4]-Polyvanadates, with OH and H<sub>2</sub>O: 05 [[Martyite]], 05 [[Volborthite]]
** 08.FE Ino-[4]-vanadates: 05 [[Ankinovichite]], 05 [[Alvanite]]
** 08.FE Ino-[4]-vanadates: 05 [[Ankinovichite]], 05 [[Alvanite]]
* 08.X Unclassified Strunz Vanadates
* 08.X Unclassified Strunz arsenates and vanadates
** 08.XX Unknown: 00 [[Kamarizaite]], 00 [[Chernovite-(Ce)]]*, 00 [[Arsenobismite]]?, 00 [[Slavkovite]], 00 [[Lapeyreite]], 00 IMA2000-020, 00 IMA2008-063, 00 IMA2009-002, IMA2009-016
** 08.XX Unknown: 00 [[Vanuranylite]]?
** 08.XX Unknown: 00 [[Vanuranylite]]?



Revision as of 03:56, 25 March 2013

Arsenate minerals usually refer to the naturally occurring orthoarsenates, possessing the (AsO4)3- anion group and, more rarely, other arsenates with anions like AsO3(OH)2- (also written HAsO42-) (example: pharmacolite Ca(AsO3OH).2H2O) or (very rarely) [AsO2(OH)2]- (example: andyrobertsite). Arsenite minerals are much less common.[1] Both the Dana[2] and the Strunz[3] mineral classifications place the arsenates in with the phosphate minerals.

Example arsenate minerals include:

Nickel–Strunz Classification -08- Phosphates

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (10 ed, pending publication).

  • Abbreviations:
    • "*" - discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
    • "?" - questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
    • "REE" - Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
    • "PGE" - Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
    • 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
      • Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
      • Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
      • Cyclo: ring
      • Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
      • Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
      • Tekto: three-dimensional framework
  • Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
    • NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
    • X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
    • Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
    • ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: arsenates and vanadates

References

  • Stuart J. Mills, Frédéric Hatert, Ernest H. Nickel, and Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21: 1073–1080. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ernest H. Nickel and Monte C. Nichols (2009). "IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Ferraiolo, Jim. "Nickel–Strunz (Version 10) Classification System". webmineral.com.