Hexol: Difference between revisions
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===Optical resolution=== |
===Optical resolution=== |
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In a historic set of experiments, [[Alfred Werner]] obtained [[chiral resolution]] by [[fractional crystallization (chemistry)|fractional crystallisation]] of the [[diastereomer]]ic <small>D</small>-(+)-bromo[[camphor]]sulphonate salt. This ion has a high [[specific rotation]] of 2640°.<ref |
In a historic set of experiments, [[Alfred Werner]] obtained [[chiral resolution]] by [[fractional crystallization (chemistry)|fractional crystallisation]] of the [[diastereomer]]ic <small>D</small>-(+)-bromo[[camphor]]sulphonate salt. This ion has a high [[specific rotation]] of 2640°.<ref name="hexol resolution">{{cite journal | title=Über mehrkernige Metallammoniake | language=de | trans_title=Poly-nucleated Metal-amines | author=Werner, A. | journal=Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. | year=1907 | volume=40 | pages=2103–2125 | issn=0365-9496 | doi=10.1002/cber.190704002126}}</ref> More efficient methods involve the bis(tartrato)diantimonate(III) salt.<ref>Takaji Yasui, Tomoharu Ama, George B. Kauffman "Resolution of the Dodecaamminehexa-μ-Hydroxo-Tetracobalt(III) Ion" Inorganic Syntheses 1992, vol. 29, pp. 169–174. {{DOI|10.1002/9780470132609.ch41}}.</ref> |
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==The "second hexol"== |
==The "second hexol"== |
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Revision as of 20:58, 12 February 2014
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Tris[tetrammine-μ-dihydroxocobalt(III)]cobalt (III) ion
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| Identifiers | |
| Properties | |
| Co4H42N12O18S3 | |
| Molar mass | 830.31 g·mol−1 |
| Sparingly soluble in water [1] | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hexol is the name for various salts of a coordination complex that has historical significance. The salts were the first synthetic non-carbon-containing chiral compounds.[2] The sulfate salt has the formula {[Co(NH3)4(OH)2]3Co}(SO4)3.
Preparation and optical resolution
Salts of hexol were first described by Jorgenson.[3] The salt is prepared by heating [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]3+ with dilute base such as ammonia followed by precipitation of the sulfate salt:
- 4 [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]3+ → {[Co(NH3)4(OH)2]3Co}6+ + 4 NH4+ + 2 H+ + 2 H2O
Depending on the conditions one obtains the 9-hydrate, the 6-hydrate, and the 4-hydrate. These salts exists as dark brownish-violet or black tabular crystals. The salts has low solubility in water. The cation can be quantitatively precipitated from its yellow-gray chromate and hexachloroplatinate salts. When treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid, hexol converts to cis-diaquotetramminecobalt(III) sulfate. In boiling dilute sulfuric acid, hexol degrades with evolution of oxygen and nitrogen.[1]
Optical resolution
In a historic set of experiments, Alfred Werner obtained chiral resolution by fractional crystallisation of the diastereomeric D-(+)-bromocamphorsulphonate salt. This ion has a high specific rotation of 2640°.[4] More efficient methods involve the bis(tartrato)diantimonate(III) salt.[5]
The "second hexol"
Werner also described a second achiral hexol (a minor byproduct from the production of Fremy's salt) that he incorrectly identified as a linear trimer. The second hexol is hexanuclear (contains six cobalt centres in each ion), not tetranuclear.[6]
References
- ^ a b George B. Kauffman, Robert P. Pinnell "Tris[Tetrammine-μ-Dihydroxo-Cobalt(III)] Cobalt(III) Sulfate 4-Hydrate" Inorganic Syntheses, 1960 Volume 6, pp. 176–179. doi:10.1002/9780470132371.ch56
- ^ G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr “Inorganic Chemistry” 3rd Ed, Pearson/Prentice Hall publisher, ISBN 0-13-035471-6.
- ^ S. M. Jörgensen "Zur Konstitution der Kobalt-, Chrom- und Rhodiumbasen" Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 1898, volume 16, pages 184–197. doi:10.1002/zaac.18980160116
- ^ Werner, A. (1907). "Über mehrkernige Metallammoniake". Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. (in German). 40: 2103–2125. doi:10.1002/cber.190704002126. ISSN 0365-9496.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help); zero width space character in|trans_title=at position 6 (help) - ^ Takaji Yasui, Tomoharu Ama, George B. Kauffman "Resolution of the Dodecaamminehexa-μ-Hydroxo-Tetracobalt(III) Ion" Inorganic Syntheses 1992, vol. 29, pp. 169–174. doi:10.1002/9780470132609.ch41.
- ^ W. Gregory Jackson, Josephine A. McKeon, Margareta Zehnder, Markus Neuberger, Silvio Fallab "The rediscovery of Alfred Werner's second hexol" Chemical Communications, 2004, pp. 2322–2323. doi:10.1039/B408277J.
External links
- Hexol Molecule of the Month September 1997 Website
- National Pollutant Inventory - Cobalt fact sheet