List of operating systems: Difference between revisions

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Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.

Early, and historically important

CTSS (The Compatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)
Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
THE multiprogramming system (by Dijkstra et al.)
Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
Master programme (developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962)
RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (developed by Regnecentralen in 1969)

See also: Operating systems timeline

Early, proprietary microcomputer OS

Apple Computer Apple DOS (initial version was Read-only memory firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CP/M-86, PC-DOS)
Sinclair Micro and QX, etc
TRS-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
TI-99/4A
Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
CMT-ROS

Proprietary

Acorn

Amiga

AmigaOS
Amiga Unix, a.k.a. Amix

Apple/Macintosh

Apple DOS
ProDOS
GS/OS
Lisa OS
A/UX
Mac OS
- System Software 6
- System 7 (code-named "Big Bang")
- Mac OS 8
- Mac OS 9
Mac OS X
- Mac OS X v10.0 (aka Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah")
- Mac OS X v10.1 (aka Mac OS X 10.1 "Puma")
- Mac OS X v10.2 (aka Mac OS X 10.2 "Jaguar")
- Mac OS X v10.3 (aka Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther")
- Mac OS X v10.4 (aka Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger")
- Mac OS X v10.5 (aka Mac OS X 10.5 "Leopard")
Mac OS X Server
Darwin -- open source underpinnings to MacOS X, based on FreeBSD and NextStep

Array Networks

ArrayOS

Atari ST

Burroughs (later Unisys)

BTOS
MCP

Convergent Technologies

Later acquired by Unisys.

CTOS

Be Incorporated

BeOS
- BeIA
ZETA (formerly BeOS)

Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP

AIS
OS/8
ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
MPE (from HP)
TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
WAITS
TENEX (from BBN)
TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s)
RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)
Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computers who were bought by HP)
HP-UX
Ultrix
Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP's Tru64)
NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:
- Guardian
- OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)

IBM

PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)
OS/2 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
- OS/2 Warp
- eComStation (licensed to Serenity Systems International)
Basic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim)
TOS
OS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture)
DOS/360
DOS/VSE
z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)
VM/CMS
z/VM (latest version of the VM line)
MFT (later called OS/VS1)
MVT (later called OS/VS2)
SVS
MVS (latest variant of MVT)
TPF
OS/390
z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS)
i5/OS formerly OS/400
AIX (a version of Unix)
AOS (a version of BSD Unix)
ALCS
IBSYS
DPPX
K42

IBM has also contributed a significant amount of code to the open source operating system Linux (below).

Microsoft

Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
- Windows CE 3.0
- Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
- Windows CE 5.0
Microsoft Windows
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 2.0
- Windows 3.0 (the first version to make substantial commercial impact)
- Windows 3.1x
- Windows 3.2 (Chinese only release)
- Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
- Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
- Windows 98 Second Edition (Often shortened to Windows 98 SE) (aka Windows 4.2)
- Windows Me (aka Windows 4.9, not 4.3 due to the version number.)
OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
Windows NT
- Windows NT 3.1
- Windows NT 3.5
- Windows NT 3.51
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1)
- Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)
- Windows Vista (aka Windows NT 6.0) (formerly known as Longhorn)

Other

Desqview, allows running multiple copies of DOS concurrently on one machine.
EOS (Operating System), developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
NCR IRX - operating system used by NCR I-9040 series
THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation
TinyOS
TX/4 and DX/10 - proprietary operating systems for TI 990 minicomputers
ReactOS - Windows NT clone

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems

Aegis (Apollo Computers)
Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989, last version was in 1992)
Cromix (Unix-like OS from Cromemco)
Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
DNIX
Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
IRIX from SGI
Mac OS X from Apple Computer
NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)
OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
- OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
OPENSTEP
QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
Rhapsody
RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)
RMX
SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO Group)
SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the MIPS RISC architecture)
Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
UniFlex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
SkyOS (developed by Robert Szeleney)

UNIVAC (later Unisys)

Nonproprietary Unix-like

Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems

Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
Plan 9 from Bell Labs (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
Solaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code (open source since release 10)

Open source Unix-like

OpenSolaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  - DesktopBSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
  - PC-BSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
- DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD
- NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
Linux
OpenDarwin
GNU Hurd
SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University

Nonproprietary non-Unix-like

Research non-Unix-like

Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP)
Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
TUNES, 1994
V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
L4 Second generation microkernel
ILIOS Research OS designed for routing purposes. Look at http://www.rink.nu for the sources.
House Haskell User's Operating System And Environment -a research OS written in Haskell and C. http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~hallgren/House/
Coyotos Capability based Operating System, successor to EROS, aims at becoming the first formally verified OS.
Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)

Open source non-Unix-like

ReactOS (A free software Windows NT compatible OS - still in early development stages.)
FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
Haiku (an open source BeOS reimplementation - still under development)

Disk operating system

QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
- MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
- PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant)
- Concurrent DOS (Digital Research's first Multiuser variant of DOS)
- Multiuser DOS (Digital Research's (later CCI's. Real's/...] Multiuser variant of DOS)
FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)

Network operating systems

Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
Cambridge Ring O/S
CSIRONET (CSIRO)
CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
NOS, developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers.
Brocade Fabric OS

Generic/commodity, non-Unix, and other

BLIS/COBOL
Bluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
BS1000 by Siemens AG
BS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationsysteme)
BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- CP/M-80 (CP/M for Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research)
- CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
JavaOS
Jnode JNode.org's OS written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath
KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
MorphOS (by Genesi)
MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX for 31-bit mode
nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
Pick (often licensed and renamed)
PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
SEAL System is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.
SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
TripOS, 1978
UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
VOS by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
VM2000 by Siemens AG
VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
aceos under GPL *

Operating systems for БК soviet personal computer

Hobby OS

Agnix
AMOS
AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
AtheOS became Syllable
BlueIllusion OS
BOS - 100% assembler OS
Brainix
CalotaOS (Calota Software Labs Operating System)
Clicker
Desert Spring-Time - An Ocaml based operating system
EROS
Glider - Homepage
Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
HelenOS
IsaacOS
LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system inspired by the operating system shown in Serial Experiments Lain)
LSE/OS
MenuetOS is an extremely compact OS written entirely in FASM assembly language
MMURTL (written by Richard Burgess; presented in MMURTL V1.0 (2000) ISBN 1588530000)
NewOS
Panalix
Sanos (Minimalistic x86 OS kernel)
SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)
Syllable (a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS)
Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
Trion Operating System
Unununium - Homepage
Visopsys

Embedded

A/ROSE
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
ROM-DOS
Embedded Linux
Minix version 3
Windows Embedded

Personal digital assistants (PDAs)

Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, from Microsoft
- Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq
DOS on Poqet PC
Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad

Smartphones

Windows CE
Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680
Mobilinux by Montavista.
Symbian OS
Windows Mobile

Router

Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
IOS-XR by Cisco Systems
CatOS by Cisco Systems
PIX OS by Cisco Systems
JUNOS by Juniper Networks
ROS by Ruggedcom

Microcontroller, Real-time operating system

Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
Contiki written in C programming language
LUnix written in 6502
eCos
FreeRTOS [1]
INTEGRITY [2]
LynxOS
OSEK
MontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux)
Nucleus
OS-9 by Microware
QNX
Rtems [3]
RTLinux
Salvo [4]
ThreadX
TRON (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)
µCLinux
VRTX
VxWorks
XMK (eXtreme Minimal Kernel)
Operating System Embedded usually known as OSE
Phoenix-RTOS

Interpreted

Fictional operating systems

Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.

Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
ALTIMIT OS - From .hack
Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
Wheatonix - April fool's joke
Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
Luna/X - Google's 2004 April Fool's joke [5]
Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
LCARS- From television's Star Trek
NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
Jesux - A linux distro supposedly for Christian hackers - was a hoax.
lesbian GNU/Linux
HeliacOS - Parody on SkyOS
Winux: 2004 - A merger of Windows and Linux. A joke from the comic Sluggy Freelance.

LEGO Mindstorms

External links

A catalog of operating systems
Old amateur operating systems
OS History - Historic timeline of non-Unix operating systems
Bitsavers, an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s

@@ Line 295: / Line 295: @@
 *[http://sealsystem.sourceforge.net/ SEAL System] is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.
 *[[SkyOS]] (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
-*[[SSB-DOS]] (by [[TSC]] for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of [[FLEX]] in most respects)
+*[[SSB-DOS]] (by [[TSC]] for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of [[FLEX (operating system)|FLEX]] in most respects)
 *[[TripOS]], 1978
 *[[UCSD p-System]] (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)