Andrussow process: Difference between revisions
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This reaction is very ENDOTHERMIC not EXOTHERMIC as it requires a lot of heat for the reaction equilibrium to shift towards to products |
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==Side Reactions== |
==Side Reactions== |
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This reaction is very |
This reaction is very endothermic. The change of [[Enthalpy]] of this reaction is equal to ''481.06 kJ''.<ref>{{Citation | first=Gyula | last=Deák | title=Menné reakcie v organickej chémii|year = 1980|publisher=Vydavateľstvo technickej a ekonomickej literatúry| location = Bratislava| page = 14|isbn=}}</ref> The [[heat]] provided by the main reaction serves as a catalyst for other side reactions. |
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:CH<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → CO + 3 H<sub>2</sub> |
:CH<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → CO + 3 H<sub>2</sub> |
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:2 CH<sub>4</sub> + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O |
:2 CH<sub>4</sub> + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O |
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Revision as of 11:00, 27 October 2014
The Andrussow process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst.[1][2]
- CH4 + NH3 + 1.5 O2 → HCN + 3 H2O
Side Reactions
This reaction is very endothermic. The change of Enthalpy of this reaction is equal to 481.06 kJ.[3] The heat provided by the main reaction serves as a catalyst for other side reactions.
- CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2
- 2 CH4 + 3 O2 → 2 CO + 4 H2O
- 4 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 N2 + 6 H2O
These side reactions can be reduced by only short exposures to the catalyst of the order of 0.0003 s.[4]
The process is based on a reaction that was discovered by Leonid Andrussow in 1927. In the following years he developed the process that is named after him. HCN is also produced in the BMA process.
References
- ^ Leonid Andrussow (1927). "Über die schnell verlaufenden katalytischen Prozesse in strömenden Gasen und die Ammoniak-Oxydation (V)". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 60 (8): 2005–2018. doi:10.1002/cber.19270600857.
- ^ L. Andrussow (1935). "Über die katalytische Oxydation von Ammoniak-Methan-Gemischen zu Blausäure (The catalytic oxidation of ammonia-methane-mixtures to hydrogen cyanide)". Angewandte Chemie. 48 (37): 593–595. doi:10.1002/ange.19350483702.
- ^ Deák, Gyula (1980), Menné reakcie v organickej chémii, Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo technickej a ekonomickej literatúry, p. 14
- ^ Pirie, J M (1958). "The Manufacture of Hydrocyanic Acid by the Andrussow Process" (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 2 (1): 7–11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
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