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{{Infobox noble|type |
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| name = Lady Augusta FitzClarence |
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| title = |
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| image = [[File:Lady Augusta FitzClarence and children.jpg|230px]] |
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| caption = Lady Augusta with her three children |
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| alt = |
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| CoA = |
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| more = no |
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| succession = |
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| predecessor = |
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| successor = |
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| suc-type = |
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| spouse = Hon. John Kennedy-Erskine<br>[[Lord Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton]] |
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| spouse-type = Husband |
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| issue = William Henry Kennedy-Erskine<br>[[Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster]]<br>Millicent Wemyss |
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| full name = |
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| styles = |
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| titles = |
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| noble family = [[:Category:FitzClarence family|FitzClarence family]] |
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| house-type = nobility |
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| father = [[William IV of the United Kingdom]] |
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| mother = [[Dorothea Jordan]] |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1803|11|17|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Bushy House]], [[Teddington]] |
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| christening_date = |
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| christening_place = |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1865|12|08|1803|11|17|df=y}} |
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| death_place = |
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| burial_date = |
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| burial_place = |
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| religion = |
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| occupation = Noblewoman |
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}} |
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'''Lady Augusta Gordon''' (''née'' '''FitzClarence'''; 17 November 1803 – 8 December 1865) was a British noblewoman. Born the fourth illegitimate daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom]] (then Duke of Clarence) by his long-time mistress [[Dorothea Jordan]], she grew up at their residence of [[Bushy House]], [[Teddington]]. Augusta had four sisters and five brothers all surnamed FitzClarence. Soon after their father became monarch, the Fitzclarence children were raised to the ranks of younger children of a [[marquess]]. |
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In 1827, Augusta married Hon. John Kennedy-Erskine, a younger son of the [[Archibald Kennedy, 1st Marquess of Ailsa|13th Earl of Cassilis]]. They had three children before he died in 1831. Five years later, she married [[Lord Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton|Lord Frederick Gordon]], the third son of [[George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly]]. After the death of her sister [[Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley|Sophia]] in 1837, Augusta was appointed State Housekeeper of [[Kensington Palace]] by her father. |
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==Family and early life== |
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Augusta FitzClarence was born at [[Bushy House]], [[Teddington]] on 17 November 1803 as the fourth daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Prince William, Duke of Clarence]] by his long-time mistress, the famous comic actress [[Dorothea Jordan]].{{sfn|Wright|1837|pp=851–54}}{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} Dorothea was the most successful actress of her day and continued to act on the stage during their relationship.{{sfn|Brock|2004}} Augusta had nine siblings from the relationship, four sisters and five brothers all surnamed FitzClarence.{{sfn|Wright|1837|pp=429, 851–54}} While circumstances prevented the couple from ever marrying, for twenty years William and Dorothea enjoyed domestic stability and were devoted to their children.{{sfn|Campbell Denlinger|2005|p=81}}{{sfn|Brock|2004}} In 1797, they moved from Clarence Lodge to Bushy House, residing at the Teddington residence until 1807.{{sfn|Brock|2004}} Augusta was born there. |
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Augusta's daughter [[Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster|Wilhelmina]] would later write that Bushy was "a happy and beloved home" until it "came to end" upon her father's marriage to [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen]] in 1818.{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|p=4}} He and Dorothea had parted ways in December 1811 under a deed of separation, the debt-ridden duke desiring to secure a rich wife.{{sfn|Brock|2004}}{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} Dorothea was granted £4,400 and the task of caring for their daughters; William was permitted to visit them until they turned thirteen.{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} She left Bushy in January 1812. The money was not enough to cover her debts, however. Dorothea continued to act on the stage after his leaving. In 1815, she moved from London to [[Boulogne]], France to evade her creditors.{{sfn|Brock|2004}}{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} On 5 July 1816, she died there alone. She had suffered from ill health and possessed little money, having squandered the bulk of it on her eldest daughter Frances (fathered by another man).{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} |
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William's new wife, Princess Adelaide, was gentle and loving to the FitzClarence children.{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=146}}{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|pp=4–5}} In 1818, Augusta and her siblings were granted a pension of £500, and Augusta was given her own version of the [[English heraldry|Royal Arms]] featuring a "baton sinister azure charged with an anchor between two roses or".{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} In 1819, [[Franz Ludwig von Bibra|Baron Franz Ludwig von Bibra]] was engaged to tutor the two youngest FitzClarence daughters. {{sfn|Nyman|1996|pp=25-26}} In June 1830, the Duke of Clarence succeeded his brother [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] as King William IV.{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=861}} The following year, he made his eldest son [[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster|George]] Earl of Munster, and had his issue by Jordan raised to the ranks of younger children of a [[marquess]].{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}}{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=352}} With their father now monarch, the FitzClarences frequently attended court{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=218}} but their presence angered the [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Duchess of Kent]], who felt that the FitzClarences would be a corrupting influence on her daughter [[Queen Victoria|Princess Victoria]].{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=218}}{{sfn|Vallone|2001|pp=49, 72}} King William loved his children and was aggrieved at their treatment at the hands of the Duchess, who would leave the room whenever they entered.{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=218}} |
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==Marriage to Kennedy-Erskine== |
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On 5 July 1827, Augusta married the Hon. John Kennedy-Erskine, a younger son of the [[Archibald Kennedy, 1st Marquess of Ailsa|13th Earl of Cassilis]]. Kennedy-Erskine served as a captain with the [[16th The Queen's Lancers|16th Lancers]], and was made an [[equerry]] to King William in 1830.{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=854}} They had three children: |
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* William Henry Kennedy-Erskine (1 July 1828 – 5 September 1870); married Catherine Jones in 1862 and had issue including the Scottish writer [[Violet Jacob]] |
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* [[Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster|Wilhelmina '''"Mina"''' Kennedy-Erskine]] (27 June 1830{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|p=3}} – 9 October 1906); married [[William FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster]] in 1855 and had issue |
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* Augusta Anne '''Millicent''' Kennedy-Erskine (11 May 1831 – 11 February 1895); married [[James Hay Erskine Wemyss]] in 1855 and had issue |
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Augusta enjoyed botany and needlework.{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} John inherited his maternal grandfather's estate of Dun in [[Forfarshire]], and as its [[chatelaine]], Augusta was featured in [[Hugh Massingberd]]'s ''Great Houses of Scotland''.{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} John died on 6 March 1831.{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=854}} Her youngest daughter Millicent was born posthumously, as John died several months before her birth.{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=854}} In an act considered scandalous King William, still early in his reign, publicly mourned the death of his son-in-law.{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=352}} |
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Now widowed, Lady Augusta and her children lived in a "charming brickhouse" at Railshead on the [[River Thames]]. King William often visited his daughter and grandchildren there, at one point coming to comfort Augusta when her young daughter Wilhelmina fell ill with a fever. They would often visit the king at [[Windsor Castle]] as well. They also had a house in Brighton.{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|pp=5–9, 28, 34}} |
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==Marriage to Gordon== |
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On 24 August 1836, Lady Augusta married [[Lord Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton|Lord Frederick Gordon]], the third son of [[George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly]].{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=854}} Gordon was a professional sailor, and would become Admiral of the Navy in 1868. He and Augusta had no surviving children together.{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} |
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Railshead had been situated next to a house owned by John's parents, but Augusta's second marriage angered them and forced their leaving.{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|pp=28, 34, 40}} Augusta turned to her father for help, and he granted her apartments in [[Kensington Palace]] and the position State Housekeeper (replacing her recently deceased sister [[Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley|Sophia]]).{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|p=42}}{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=854}} They lived there for many years.{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|p=50}} In 1847, they embarked on a three year trip to the continent, visiting Germany, France, and Italy. In 1850, they returned to Kensington Palace and Augusta's daughters [[Season (society)|came out in society]].{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|pp=83, 129–44}} Both daughters married in 1855 in a double wedding, Wilhelmina to the [[William FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster|2nd Earl of Munster]] and Millicent to [[James Hay Erskine Wemyss]].{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|p=152}} |
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Augusta died in 1865. Her husband survived Augusta by twelve years.{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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;Works cited |
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{{refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PEc7AwAAQBAJ& |title=Royal Bastards |first1=Peter |last1=Beauclerk-Dewar |first2=Roger |last2=Powell |year=2008 |location=Stroud |publisher=The History Press |isbn=9780752473154 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{ODNBweb|last=Brock|first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Brock |title=William IV (1765–1837) |id=29451 |date=2004 }} |
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* {{Cite book |url=http://www.questia.com/read/117825946 |title=Before Victoria: Extraordinary Women of the British Romantic Era |first=Elizabeth |last=Campbell Denlinger |year=2005 |location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press |via=Questia |isbn= |ref=harv}} {{Subscription needed}} |
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* {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/My_Memories_and_Miscellanies.html?id=x40xAQAAMAAJ |title=My Memories and Miscellanies |first=Wilhelmina |last=FitzClarence |authorlink=Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster |year=1904 |location=London |publisher=Eveleigh Nash |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|first=Flora|last=Fraser|authorlink=Flora Fraser (writer) |title=Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=0719561094 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite book |url=http://www.vonbibra.net/files/TVBSChapt20001.pdf |title=THE VON BIBRA STORY |first=Lois |last=Nyman |year=1996 |location=Launceston|publisher=Foot & Playsted |isbn=0-9597188-1-8 }} |
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* {{ODNBweb|last=Ranger|first=Paul|title=Jordan, Dorothy (1761–1816) |id=15119|date=2004 }} |
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*{{cite book|first=Lynne |last=Vallone |title=Becoming Victoria |publisher=Yale University Press |location=|year=2001 |isbn=978-0-300-08950-9|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|first=Kate|last=Williams|authorlink=Kate Williams (historian) |title=Becoming Queen Victoria: The Tragic Death of Princess Charlotte and the Unexpected Rise of Britain's Greatest Monarch |publisher=Ballatine Books|location=|year=2010 |isbn=0-345-46195-9 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=gAfVIVra9C4C& |title=The Life and Reign of William the Fourth |last= Wright |first=G.N. |year=1837 |location=London |publisher=Fisher, Son, & Co |ref=harv}} |
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{{refend}} |
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[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]] |
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[[:Category:1803 births]] |
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[[:Category:1865 deaths]] |
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[[:Category:FitzClarence family]] |
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