Joint mobilization: Difference between revisions
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{{See also |Joint manipulation}} |
{{See also |Joint manipulation}} |
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'''Joint mobilization '''is a [[manual therapy]] intervention, a type of passive movement of a skeletal joint. It is usually aimed at a 'target' [[synovial joint]] with the aim of achieving a [[therapeutic]] effect. When applied to the spine, it is known as [[spinal mobilization]]. These techniques are often used by [[Chiropractic|chiropractors]], [[Osteopathy|osteopaths]], [[occupational therapists]], and [[Physical therapy|physical therapists]]. |
'''Joint mobilization '''is a [[manual therapy]] intervention, a type of passive movement of a skeletal joint. It is usually aimed at a 'target' [[synovial joint]] with the aim of achieving a [[therapeutic]] effect. When applied to the spine, it is known as [[spinal mobilization]]. These techniques are often used by [[Chiropractic|chiropractors]], [[Osteopathy|osteopaths]], [[occupational therapists]], and [[Physical therapy|physical therapists]]. |
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== Classification and mechanisms of action == |
== Classification and mechanisms of action == |
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Joint mobilization is classified by Geoffrey Douglas Maitland into five 'grades' of motion, each of which describes the [[range of motion]] of the target joint during the procedure.<ref> |
Joint mobilization is classified by Geoffrey Douglas Maitland into five 'grades' of motion, each of which describes the [[range of motion]] of the target joint during the procedure.<ref>Maitland, G.D. ''Peripheral Manipulation'' 2nd ed. Butterworths, London, 1977. |
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Maitland, G.D. ''Vertebral Manipulation'' 5th ed. Butterworths, London, 1986.{{update|ISBN 9780702040665|date=February 2015}}</ref> They are generally called Grade I through Grade V. The different grades of mobilization are believed to produce selective activation of different [[mechanoreceptors]] in the joint.<ref>[http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/b6a0216ae4024e1a3c831ab4a498aca0.pdf How Manipulation Works] {{medrs|date=February 2015}}</ref> |
Maitland, G.D. ''Vertebral Manipulation'' 5th ed. Butterworths, London, 1986.{{update|ISBN 9780702040665|date=February 2015}}</ref> They are generally called Grade I through Grade V. The different grades of mobilization are believed to produce selective activation of different [[mechanoreceptors]] in the joint.<ref>[http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/b6a0216ae4024e1a3c831ab4a498aca0.pdf How Manipulation Works] {{medrs|date=February 2015}}</ref> |
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* Grade II - Similar effect as Grade I. |
* Grade II - Similar effect as Grade I. |
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* Grade III - Similar to Grade II. |
* Grade III - Similar to Grade II. |
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[[Category:Manual therapy]] |
[[Category:Manual therapy]] |
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[[Category:Chiropractic treatment techniques]] |
[[Category:Chiropractic treatment techniques]] |
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[[Category:Osteopathy]] |
[[Category:Osteopathy]] |
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[[Category:Physical therapy]] |
[[Category:Physical therapy]] |
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Revision as of 11:41, 17 September 2015
Joint mobilization is a manual therapy intervention, a type of passive movement of a skeletal joint. It is usually aimed at a 'target' synovial joint with the aim of achieving a therapeutic effect. When applied to the spine, it is known as spinal mobilization. These techniques are often used by chiropractors, osteopaths, occupational therapists, and physical therapists.
Classification and mechanisms of action
Joint mobilization is classified by Geoffrey Douglas Maitland into five 'grades' of motion, each of which describes the range of motion of the target joint during the procedure.[1] They are generally called Grade I through Grade V. The different grades of mobilization are believed to produce selective activation of different mechanoreceptors in the joint.[2]
- Grade I - Activates Type I mechanoreceptors with a low threshold and which respond to very small increments of tension.
- Activates cutaneous mechanoreceptors.
- Oscillatory motion will selectively activate the dynamic, rapidly adapting receptors, i.e., Meissner's and Pacinian Corpuscles. The former respond to the rate of skin indentation and the latter respond to the acceleration and retraction of that indentation.
- Grade II - Similar effect as Grade I.
- Grade III - Similar to Grade II.
- Selectively activates more of the muscle and joint mechanoreceptors as it goes into resistance, and less of the cutaneous ones as the slack of the subcutaneous tissues is taken up.
- Grade IV - Similar to Grade III.
- With its more sustained movement at the end of range will activate the static, slow adapting, Type I mechanoreceptors, whose resting discharge rises in proportion to the degree of change in joint capsule tension.
- Grade V - This is the same as joint manipulation. Use of the term 'Grade V' is only valid if the joint is positioned near to its end range of motion during mobilization. Evans and Breen[3] recently contested this assumption, in fact arguing that an individual synovial joint should be positioned near to its resting, neutral position.
See also
References
- ^ Maitland, G.D. Peripheral Manipulation 2nd ed. Butterworths, London, 1977.
Maitland, G.D. Vertebral Manipulation 5th ed. Butterworths, London, 1986.
Parts of this article (those related to ISBN 9780702040665) need to be updated. (February 2015) - ^ How Manipulation Works [unreliable medical source?]
- ^ Evans DW, Breen AC. (2006). "A biomechanical model for mechanically efficient cavitation production during spinal manipulation: prethrust position and the neutral zone". J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 29 (1): 72–82. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.11.011. PMID 16396734.