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| miRBase = MI0000098
| miRBase = MI0000098
| miRBase_family = MIPF0000072
| miRBase_family = MIPF0000072
| RNA_type = [[Gene]]; [[MicroRNA | miRNA]]
| RNA_type = [[Gene]]; [[MicroRNA|miRNA]]
| Tax_domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| Tax_domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| GO = {{GO|0035068}} {{GO|0035195}}
| GO = {{GO|0035068}} {{GO|0035195}}
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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
'''miR-96 microRNA precursor''' is a small [[non-coding RNA]] that regulates [[gene expression]]. [[microRNAs]] are transcribed as ~80 [[nucleotide]] precursors and subsequently processed by the [[Dicer]] enzyme to give a ~23 nucleotide products. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor.
'''miR-96 microRNA precursor''' is a small [[non-coding RNA]] that regulates [[gene expression]]. [[microRNAs]] are transcribed as ~80 [[nucleotide]] precursors and subsequently processed by the [[Dicer]] enzyme to give a ~23 nucleotide products. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor.
<ref name="pmid11914277">{{cite journal |author=Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, Sharma A, Charroux B, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G |title=miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs. |journal=Genes Dev |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=720–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11914277 |doi=10.1101/gad.974702 |pmc=155365}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid11914277">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, Sharma A, Charroux B, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G |title=miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs. |journal=Genes Dev |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=720–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11914277 |doi=10.1101/gad.974702 |pmc=155365}}</ref>
The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.
The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.


miR-96 is thought to be conserved within [http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nephrozoa Nephrozoa], i.e. the [[Deuterostome]]s and [[Protostome]]s.
miR-96 is thought to be conserved within [http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nephrozoa Nephrozoa], i.e. the [[Deuterostome]]s and [[Protostome]]s.
<ref name="pmid19196333">{{cite journal |author=Wheeler BM, Heimberg AM, Moy VN, Sperling EA, Holstein TW, Heber S, Peterson KJ |title=The deep evolution of metazoan microRNAs. |journal=Evol Dev |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=50–68 |year= 2009|pmid=19196333 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00302.x}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19196333">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wheeler BM, Heimberg AM, Moy VN, Sperling EA, Holstein TW, Heber S, Peterson KJ |title=The deep evolution of metazoan microRNAs. |journal=Evol Dev |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=50–68 |year= 2009|pmid=19196333 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00302.x}}</ref>


Variation within the seed region of mature miR-96 has been associated with [[autosomal dominant]], progressive hearing loss in humans and mice. The [[homozygous]] mutant mice were profoundly deaf, showing no [[cochlea]]r responses. [[Zygosity|Heterozygous]] mice and humans progressively lose the ability to hear.
Variation within the seed region of mature miR-96 has been associated with [[autosomal dominant]], progressive hearing loss in humans and mice. The [[homozygous]] mutant mice were profoundly deaf, showing no [[cochlea]]r responses. [[Zygosity|Heterozygous]] mice and humans progressively lose the ability to hear.
<ref name="pmid19363479">{{cite journal |author=Mencía A, Modamio-Høybjør S, Redshaw N, Morín M, Mayo-Merino F, Olavarrieta L, Aguirre LA, del Castillo I, Steel KP, Dalmay T, Moreno F, Moreno-Pelayo MA |title=Mutations in the seed region of human miR-96 are responsible for nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss. |journal=Nat Genet |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=609–13 |year=2009 |pmid=19363479 |doi=10.1038/ng.355}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19363479">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mencía A, Modamio-Høybjør S, Redshaw N, Morín M, Mayo-Merino F, Olavarrieta L, Aguirre LA, del Castillo I, Steel KP, Dalmay T, Moreno F, Moreno-Pelayo MA |title=Mutations in the seed region of human miR-96 are responsible for nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss. |journal=Nat Genet |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=609–13 |year=2009 |pmid=19363479 |doi=10.1038/ng.355}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19363478">{{cite journal |author=Lewis MA, Quint E, Glazier AM, Fuchs H, De Angelis MH, Langford C, van Dongen S, Abreu-Goodger C, Piipari M, Redshaw N, Dalmay T, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Enright AJ, Steel KP |title=An ENU-induced mutation of miR-96 associated with progressive hearing loss in mice. |journal=Nat Genet |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=614–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19363478 |doi=10.1038/ng.369 |pmc=2705913}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19363478">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lewis MA, Quint E, Glazier AM, Fuchs H, De Angelis MH, Langford C, van Dongen S, Abreu-Goodger C, Piipari M, Redshaw N, Dalmay T, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Enright AJ, Steel KP |title=An ENU-induced mutation of miR-96 associated with progressive hearing loss in mice. |journal=Nat Genet |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=614–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19363478 |doi=10.1038/ng.369 |pmc=2705913}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19245798">{{cite journal |author=Soukup GA |title=Little but loud: Small RNAs have a resounding affect [sic] on ear development. |journal=Brain Res |volume= 1277|issue= |pages= 104–14|year=2009 |pmid=19245798 |doi=10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.027 |pmc=2700218}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19245798">{{cite journal |author=Soukup GA |title=Little but loud: Small RNAs have a resounding affect [sic] on ear development. |journal=Brain Res |volume= 1277|issue= |pages= 104–14|year=2009 |pmid=19245798 |doi=10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.027 |pmc=2700218}}</ref>
Five genes, of 132 predicted targets, have been experimentally validated as targets of miR-96: [[AQP5|Aqp5]], [[CELSR2|Celsr2]], [[Myrip]], [[ODF2|Odf2]] and [[Related to receptor tyrosine kinase|Ryk]].<ref name="pmid19363478"/>
Five genes, of 132 predicted targets, have been experimentally validated as targets of miR-96: [[AQP5|Aqp5]], [[CELSR2|Celsr2]], [[Myrip]], [[ODF2|Odf2]] and [[Related to receptor tyrosine kinase|Ryk]].<ref name="pmid19363478"/>


[[DNA microarray|Microarray]] analysis of 4-day old wildtype and mutant mice showed that in the [[Three prime untranslated region|3' UTR]] of upregulated genes, there was a significant enrichment in heptamers complementary to miR-96, implying that miR-96 normally affects a wide range of target genes, and that the mutation results in a loss of normal targets. Among the downregulated genes, there is a significant enrichment in heptamers complementary to the mutant miR-96, so the mutant miR-96 has gained novel targets.<ref name="pmid19363478"/> Among the downregulated genes were five of particular interest; [[LOC4951|Ocm]], [[PITPNM1|Pitpnm1]], [[Prestin]], [[PTPRR|Ptprq]] and [[GFI1|Gfi1]], all of which are strongly and specifically expressed in hair cells. Mice mutant for the latter three exhibit deafness and hair cell degeneration.
[[DNA microarray|Microarray]] analysis of 4-day old wildtype and mutant mice showed that in the [[Three prime untranslated region|3' UTR]] of upregulated genes, there was a significant enrichment in heptamers complementary to miR-96, implying that miR-96 normally affects a wide range of target genes, and that the mutation results in a loss of normal targets. Among the downregulated genes, there is a significant enrichment in heptamers complementary to the mutant miR-96, so the mutant miR-96 has gained novel targets.<ref name="pmid19363478"/> Among the downregulated genes were five of particular interest; [[LOC4951|Ocm]], [[PITPNM1|Pitpnm1]], [[Prestin]], [[PTPRR|Ptprq]] and [[GFI1|Gfi1]], all of which are strongly and specifically expressed in hair cells. Mice mutant for the latter three exhibit deafness and hair cell degeneration.
<ref name="pmid12239568">{{cite journal |author=Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J |title=Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier. |journal=Nature |volume=419 |issue=6904 |pages=300–4 |year=2002 |pmid=12239568 |doi=10.1038/nature01059}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid12239568">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J |title=Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier. |journal=Nature |volume=419 |issue=6904 |pages=300–4 |year=2002 |pmid=12239568 |doi=10.1038/nature01059}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid14534255">{{cite journal |author=Goodyear RJ, Legan PK, Wright MB, Marcotti W, Oganesian A, Coats SA, Booth CJ, Kros CJ, Seifert RA, Bowen-Pope DF, Richardson GP |title=A receptor-like inositol lipid phosphatase is required for the maturation of developing cochlear hair bundles. |journal=J Neurosci |volume=23 |issue=27 |pages=9208–19 |year=2003 |pmid=14534255}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid14534255">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goodyear RJ, Legan PK, Wright MB, Marcotti W, Oganesian A, Coats SA, Booth CJ, Kros CJ, Seifert RA, Bowen-Pope DF, Richardson GP |title=A receptor-like inositol lipid phosphatase is required for the maturation of developing cochlear hair bundles. |journal=J Neurosci |volume=23 |issue=27 |pages=9208–19 |year=2003 |pmid=14534255}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid12441305">{{cite journal |doi=10.1242/dev.00190 |author=Wallis D, Hamblen M, Zhou Y, Venken KJ, Schumacher A, Grimes HL, Zoghbi HY, Orkin SH, Bellen HJ |title=The zinc finger transcription factor Gfi1, implicated in lymphomagenesis, is required for inner ear hair cell differentiation and survival. |journal=Development |volume=130 |issue=1 |pages=221–32 |year=2003 |pmid=12441305}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid12441305">{{cite journal |doi=10.1242/dev.00190 |vauthors=Wallis D, Hamblen M, Zhou Y, Venken KJ, Schumacher A, Grimes HL, Zoghbi HY, Orkin SH, Bellen HJ |title=The zinc finger transcription factor Gfi1, implicated in lymphomagenesis, is required for inner ear hair cell differentiation and survival. |journal=Development |volume=130 |issue=1 |pages=221–32 |year=2003 |pmid=12441305}}</ref>


[[Image:MiR-96 sequence alignment.png|thumb|center|600px|A multiple sequence alignment of precursor miR-96 molecules. Highly conserved nucleotides are coloured in red, less well conserved nucleotides are coloured orange and non-conserved nucleotides are coloured blue or white. The columns corresponding to the mature and seed sequence are indicated above the alignment. The canonical human sequence and the two human variant sequences that are implicated in hearing loss (13G>A and 14C>A) are in the first, second and third rows respectively.]]
[[Image:MiR-96 sequence alignment.png|thumb|center|600px|A multiple sequence alignment of precursor miR-96 molecules. Highly conserved nucleotides are coloured in red, less well conserved nucleotides are coloured orange and non-conserved nucleotides are coloured blue or white. The columns corresponding to the mature and seed sequence are indicated above the alignment. The canonical human sequence and the two human variant sequences that are implicated in hearing loss (13G>A and 14C>A) are in the first, second and third rows respectively.]]


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==References==
==References==
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*{{cite journal |vauthors=Kondkar AA, Bray MS, Leal SM, etal |title=VAMP8/endobrevin is overexpressed in hyperreactive human platelets: suggested role for platelet microRNA. |journal=J. Thromb. Haemost. |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 369–78 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19943878 |doi= 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03700.x |pmc=3312605}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Kondkar AA, Bray MS, Leal SM, etal |title=VAMP8/endobrevin is overexpressed in hyperreactive human platelets: suggested role for platelet microRNA. |journal=J. Thromb. Haemost. |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 369–78 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19943878 |doi= 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03700.x |pmc=3312605}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Modamio-Høybjør S, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Mencía A, etal |title=A novel locus for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, DFNA50, maps to chromosome 7q32 between the DFNB17 and DFNB13 deafness loci. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=41 |issue= 2 |pages= e14 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14757864 |pmc=1735673 |doi=10.1136/jmg.2003.012500 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Modamio-Høybjør S, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Mencía A, etal |title=A novel locus for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, DFNA50, maps to chromosome 7q32 between the DFNB17 and DFNB13 deafness loci. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=41 |issue= 2 |pages= e14 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14757864 |pmc=1735673 |doi=10.1136/jmg.2003.012500 }}
*{{cite journal |author=Guttilla IK, White BA |title=Coordinate regulation of FOXO1 by miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182 in breast cancer cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=284 |issue= 35 |pages= 23204–16 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19574223 |pmc=2749094 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M109.031427 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Guttilla IK, White BA |title=Coordinate regulation of FOXO1 by miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182 in breast cancer cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=284 |issue= 35 |pages= 23204–16 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19574223 |pmc=2749094 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M109.031427 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=611606 OMIM page for the mir-96 microRNA precursor family]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=611606 OMIM page for the mir-96 microRNA precursor family]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=407053 ENTREZ page for the mir-96 microRNA precursor family]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=407053 ENTREZ page for the mir-96 microRNA precursor family]

⚫
{{miRNA precursor families}}


[[Category:Non-coding RNA]]
[[Category:Non-coding RNA]]
[[Category:MicroRNA]]
[[Category:MicroRNA]]

⚫
{{miRNA precursor families}}

Revision as of 17:54, 3 June 2016

microRNA mir-96
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of mir-96
Identifiers
Symbolmir-96
Alt. SymbolsMIR96
RfamRF00669
miRBaseMI0000098
miRBase familyMIPF0000072
Other data
RNA typeGene; miRNA
Domain(s)Eukaryota
GOGO:0035068 GO:0035195
SOSO:0001244
PDB structuresPDBe


miR-96 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. microRNAs are transcribed as ~80 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~23 nucleotide products. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor. [1] The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.

miR-96 is thought to be conserved within Nephrozoa, i.e. the Deuterostomes and Protostomes. [2]

Variation within the seed region of mature miR-96 has been associated with autosomal dominant, progressive hearing loss in humans and mice. The homozygous mutant mice were profoundly deaf, showing no cochlear responses. Heterozygous mice and humans progressively lose the ability to hear. [3] [4] [5] Five genes, of 132 predicted targets, have been experimentally validated as targets of miR-96: Aqp5, Celsr2, Myrip, Odf2 and Ryk.[4]

Microarray analysis of 4-day old wildtype and mutant mice showed that in the 3' UTR of upregulated genes, there was a significant enrichment in heptamers complementary to miR-96, implying that miR-96 normally affects a wide range of target genes, and that the mutation results in a loss of normal targets. Among the downregulated genes, there is a significant enrichment in heptamers complementary to the mutant miR-96, so the mutant miR-96 has gained novel targets.[4] Among the downregulated genes were five of particular interest; Ocm, Pitpnm1, Prestin, Ptprq and Gfi1, all of which are strongly and specifically expressed in hair cells. Mice mutant for the latter three exhibit deafness and hair cell degeneration. [6] [7] [8]

A multiple sequence alignment of precursor miR-96 molecules. Highly conserved nucleotides are coloured in red, less well conserved nucleotides are coloured orange and non-conserved nucleotides are coloured blue or white. The columns corresponding to the mature and seed sequence are indicated above the alignment. The canonical human sequence and the two human variant sequences that are implicated in hearing loss (13G>A and 14C>A) are in the first, second and third rows respectively.

References

  1. ^ Mourelatos Z, Dostie J, Paushkin S, Sharma A, Charroux B, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G (2002). "miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs". Genes Dev. 16 (6): 720–8. doi:10.1101/gad.974702. PMC 155365. PMID 11914277.
  2. ^ Wheeler BM, Heimberg AM, Moy VN, Sperling EA, Holstein TW, Heber S, Peterson KJ (2009). "The deep evolution of metazoan microRNAs". Evol Dev. 11 (1): 50–68. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00302.x. PMID 19196333.
  3. ^ Mencía A, Modamio-Høybjør S, Redshaw N, Morín M, Mayo-Merino F, Olavarrieta L, Aguirre LA, del Castillo I, Steel KP, Dalmay T, Moreno F, Moreno-Pelayo MA (2009). "Mutations in the seed region of human miR-96 are responsible for nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss". Nat Genet. 41 (5): 609–13. doi:10.1038/ng.355. PMID 19363479.
  4. ^ a b c Lewis MA, Quint E, Glazier AM, Fuchs H, De Angelis MH, Langford C, van Dongen S, Abreu-Goodger C, Piipari M, Redshaw N, Dalmay T, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Enright AJ, Steel KP (2009). "An ENU-induced mutation of miR-96 associated with progressive hearing loss in mice". Nat Genet. 41 (5): 614–8. doi:10.1038/ng.369. PMC 2705913. PMID 19363478.
  5. ^ Soukup GA (2009). "Little but loud: Small RNAs have a resounding affect [sic] on ear development". Brain Res. 1277: 104–14. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.027. PMC 2700218. PMID 19245798.
  6. ^ Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J (2002). "Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier". Nature. 419 (6904): 300–4. doi:10.1038/nature01059. PMID 12239568.
  7. ^ Goodyear RJ, Legan PK, Wright MB, Marcotti W, Oganesian A, Coats SA, Booth CJ, Kros CJ, Seifert RA, Bowen-Pope DF, Richardson GP (2003). "A receptor-like inositol lipid phosphatase is required for the maturation of developing cochlear hair bundles". J Neurosci. 23 (27): 9208–19. PMID 14534255.
  8. ^ Wallis D, Hamblen M, Zhou Y, Venken KJ, Schumacher A, Grimes HL, Zoghbi HY, Orkin SH, Bellen HJ (2003). "The zinc finger transcription factor Gfi1, implicated in lymphomagenesis, is required for inner ear hair cell differentiation and survival". Development. 130 (1): 221–32. doi:10.1242/dev.00190. PMID 12441305.

Media reports

Further reading


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