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'''''Friendship''''' was a 430 ton (bm), three-decker merchantman, launched in 1793. She made two voyages for the British [{East India Company]] (EIC). On the second, in 1799, she transported [[convict]]s from [[Ireland]] to [[Australia]]. She was broken up in 1819
'''''Friendship''''' was a 430 ton (bm), three-decker merchantman, launched in 1793. She made two voyages for the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). On the second, in 1799, she transported [[convict]]s from [[Ireland]] to [[Australia]]. She made a second voyage transporting convicts in 1818. She was broken up in 1819


;EIC voyage #1 (1797-98)
;EIC voyage #1 (1797-98)
Line 67: Line 67:


;Subsequent career
;Subsequent career
On 15 August 1801 Captain James Smith of ''Friendship'' received a letter of marque.<ref name=LoM/> ''Lloyd's Register'' for 1803 gives her trade as London to Jamaica. In 1809, her trade changes to London to Cape of Good Hope, and her armament changes too, though there is no change in ownership or master.<ref name=LR09>''Lloyd's Register'' (1809)</ref> By 1811 her trade is again London - Jamaica. In 1813, her master becomes E. Smith. She leaves ''Lloyd's Registry'' between 1814 and 1818.
On 15 August 1801 Captain James Smith of ''Friendship'' received a letter of marque.<ref name=LoM/> ''Lloyd's Register'' for 1803 gives her trade as London to Jamaica. In 1809, her trade changes to London to Cape of Good Hope, and her armament changes too, though there is no change in ownership or master.<ref name=LR09>''Lloyd's Register'' (1809)</ref> By 1811 her trade is again London - Jamaica. In 1813, her master becomes E. Smith.


;Second convict voyage (1817-18)
''Friendship'', under the command of Captain Armet and with surgeon Peter Cosgreave, left England on 3 July 1817 and arrived at [[Port Jackson]] on 14 January 1818.<ref>Bateson (1974), pp.290-91.</ref> she carried 101 female convicts, of whom four died on the voyage.<ref>Bateson (1974), p. 327.</ref>

South west of [[Madeira]], ''Friendship'' encountered an open boat with six Spaniards and an American on board. The men had fashioned sails out of their shirts, and were exhausted and hungry, having had nothing but a little raw turtle in the preceding six days. Armet took the men aboard and on 7 August was able to transfer them to an American ship.<ref name=Bateson189>Bateson (1974), p. 189.</ref>

During the voyage there was apparently a great deal of prostitution by the female convicts on what had been a fairly lengthy voyage of 194 days. The problem had began before the ship left England and despite the efforts of Armet and Cosgreave, continued unabated. When ''Friendship'' reached St Helena, Cosgreave asked the admiral in charge of the station for assistance in prohibiting cohabitation between the women and the and the ship's officers and seamen; two [[post captain]]s made an inquiry, but without any resolution. When ''Friendship'' reached Port Jackson, Governor Macquarie appointed three magistrates to conduct a second, separate inquiry that exonerated Armet and Cosgreave of any dereliction of duty.<ref name=Bateson189/>

;Fate
''Friendship'' was broken up in 1819.<ref name=Hackman/>
==Citations and references==
==Citations and references==
;Citations
;Citations
Line 74: Line 83:
;References
;References
* Bateson, Charles, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, Sydney, 1974. ISBN 0-85174-195-9
* Bateson, Charles, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, Sydney, 1974. ISBN 0-85174-195-9
*Hackman, Rowan (2001) ''Ships of the East India Company''. (Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society). ISBN 0-905617-96-7
* Hackman, Rowan (2001) ''Ships of the East India Company''. (Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society). ISBN 0-905617-96-7


{{DEFAULTSORT:Friendship (1793 ship)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Friendship (1793 ship)}}

Revision as of 18:59, 9 October 2015

History
United Kingdom
NameFriendship
NamesakeFriendship
OwnerJohn and James Mangles
Launched26 August 1793[1]
FateShe was deleted from the registry on 5 July 1819, having been broken up[1]
NotesHackman has this vessel making a voyage in 1796 to the Cape of Good Hope and Mauritius,[1] but a privateer captured that vessel in question, which was not the Friendship of 1793.
General characteristics [2]
Tons burthen430,[3] or 40716⁄94[1](bm)
Lengthlist error: <br /> list (help)
118 feet 0 inches (36.0 m)* (overall)
96 feet 4 inches (29.4 m)* (keel)
Beam28 feet 4+1⁄4 inches (8.6 m)*
Depth of hold12 feet 2+1⁄2 inches (3.7 m)*
Complement1799:24[3] 1801:28[3]
Armament1799:10 x 6-pounder guns + 2 x 18-pounder carronades + 12 x swivel guns[3]

1801:10 x 6-pounder guns[3]

1809:2 x 6-pounder guns + 10 x 18-pounder carronades[4]

Friendship was a 430 ton (bm), three-decker merchantman, launched in 1793. She made two voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). On the second, in 1799, she transported convicts from Ireland to Australia. She made a second voyage transporting convicts in 1818. She was broken up in 1819

EIC voyage #1 (1797-98)

On her second voyage for the EIC, Captain John Newman left Falmouth on 11 May 1797, bound for Bengal and Madras. Friendship arrived at Calcutta on 28 October. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 21 January 1798. She reached Madras on 4 February, the Cape on 26 May, and St Helena on 26 May. She arrived at Long Reach on 4 AUgust.[2]

Convict transport and EIC voyage #2

On 4 March 1799 Captain Hugh Reed received a letter of marque for Friendship.[3]

Friendship, under Reid's command, sailed from Cork, Ireland on 24 August 1799, with 133 male convicts, a number of whom were members of the Society of United Irishmen. She left in company with Minerva, but the vessels separated and Friendship arrived at Port Jackson on 16 February 1800, a month after Minerva. Nineteen convicts died on the voyage. Friendship left Port Jackson for Bengal on 11 May 1800.[5]

Friendship reached Malacca on 9 August, Penang on 20 August, and Diamond Harbour on 16 September. For her return to Britain she passed Culpee, an anchorage towards Calcutta, and closer than Saugor on 29 November. On 1 March 1801 she reached St Helena and on 30 May she arrived at Long Reach.[6]

Subsequent career

On 15 August 1801 Captain James Smith of Friendship received a letter of marque.[3] Lloyd's Register for 1803 gives her trade as London to Jamaica. In 1809, her trade changes to London to Cape of Good Hope, and her armament changes too, though there is no change in ownership or master.[4] By 1811 her trade is again London - Jamaica. In 1813, her master becomes E. Smith.

Second convict voyage (1817-18)

Friendship, under the command of Captain Armet and with surgeon Peter Cosgreave, left England on 3 July 1817 and arrived at Port Jackson on 14 January 1818.[7] she carried 101 female convicts, of whom four died on the voyage.[8]

South west of Madeira, Friendship encountered an open boat with six Spaniards and an American on board. The men had fashioned sails out of their shirts, and were exhausted and hungry, having had nothing but a little raw turtle in the preceding six days. Armet took the men aboard and on 7 August was able to transfer them to an American ship.[9]

During the voyage there was apparently a great deal of prostitution by the female convicts on what had been a fairly lengthy voyage of 194 days. The problem had began before the ship left England and despite the efforts of Armet and Cosgreave, continued unabated. When Friendship reached St Helena, Cosgreave asked the admiral in charge of the station for assistance in prohibiting cohabitation between the women and the and the ship's officers and seamen; two post captains made an inquiry, but without any resolution. When Friendship reached Port Jackson, Governor Macquarie appointed three magistrates to conduct a second, separate inquiry that exonerated Armet and Cosgreave of any dereliction of duty.[9]

Fate

Friendship was broken up in 1819.[1]

Citations and references

Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e Hackman (2001), p.232.
  2. ^ a b National Archives (United Kingdom): Friendship (2).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Letter of Marque, 1793-1815; p.44.[1]
  4. ^ a b Lloyd's Register (1809)
  5. ^ "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  6. ^ National Archives: Friendship (3),[2] - accessed 19 November 2014.
  7. ^ Bateson (1974), pp.290-91.
  8. ^ Bateson (1974), p. 327.
  9. ^ a b Bateson (1974), p. 189.
References
  • Bateson, Charles, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, Sydney, 1974. ISBN 0-85174-195-9
  • Hackman, Rowan (2001) Ships of the East India Company. (Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society). ISBN 0-905617-96-7
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