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The concept of a lineal champion was developed by boxing fans dissatisfied by the tendency of each of the various sanctioning bodies ([[World Boxing Council|WBC]], [[World Boxing Association|WBA]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]], etc.) to recognize different champions, and in particular to strip a champion of his title for refusing to fight its top-ranked contender. Prior to the 1970s, this rarely happened; the [[National Boxing Association]] (NBA) and the [[New York State Athletic Commission]] (NYSAC) sometimes recognized different champions, but there was usually only a short interval before one champion defeated the other. In this era, a title vacancy was generally filled by having a [[single-elimination tournament]] box-off between two or more top-ranked contenders.
The concept of a lineal champion was developed by boxing fans dissatisfied by the tendency of each of the various sanctioning bodies ([[World Boxing Council|WBC]], [[World Boxing Association|WBA]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]], etc.) to recognize different champions, and in particular to strip a champion of his title for refusing to fight its top-ranked contender. Prior to the 1970s, this rarely happened; the [[National Boxing Association]] (NBA) and the [[New York State Athletic Commission]] (NYSAC) sometimes recognized different champions, but there was usually only a short interval before one champion defeated the other. In this era, a title vacancy was generally filled by having a [[single-elimination tournament]] box-off between two or more top-ranked contenders.


The lineal championship is intended as a return to that era. Several top boxers have specified holding the lineal championship as a personal accomplishment (''e.g.'' [[Lennox Lewis]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2004-02-05-lewis-retirement_x.htm|title= Lewis retires, saying he has nothing left to prove|last=Rafael|first=Dan|date=2004-02-08|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=2008-11-20 |quote=The mission I set out on in the beginning — to become heavyweight champion of the world, undisputed, lineal champion — you could say that mission is complete.}}</ref>) or goal (''e.g.'', [[Nate Campbell]]<ref name="espn-nate"/>).
The lineal championship is intended as a return to that era. Several top boxers have specified holding the lineal championship as a personal accomplishment (''e.g.'' [[Lennox Lewis]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2004-02-05-lewis-retirement_x.htm|title= Lewis retires, saying he has nothing left to prove|last=Rafael|first=Dan|date=2004-02-08|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=2008-11-20 |quote=The mission I set out on in the beginning — to become heavyweight champion of the world, undisputed, lineal champion — you could say that mission is complete.}}</ref>) or goal (''e.g.'', [[Nate Campbell]]<ref name="espn-nate">{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?columnist=raskin_eric&id=3308764|title=In an ideal world, Casamayor fights the 'Galaxxy Warrior' next|last=Raskin|first= Eric|date=2008-03-24|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=2008-11-20}}</ref>).


In mixed martial arts the lineal championship is of particular relevance due to the fact that up until the mid 2000s, the top ranked fighters were spread out amongst a number of Mixed Martial Arts promotions across the globe. This included Japanese promotions such as [[Pride Fighting Championships]], [[Pancrase]], and [[Dream (mixed martial arts)|Dream]] as well as US based promotions such as the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC), [[World Extreme Cage Fighting]] (WEC) and [[Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)|Strikeforce]].
In mixed martial arts the lineal championship is of particular relevance due to the fact that up until the mid 2000s, the top ranked fighters were spread out amongst a number of Mixed Martial Arts promotions across the globe. This included Japanese promotions such as [[Pride Fighting Championships]], [[Pancrase]], and [[Dream (mixed martial arts)|Dream]] as well as US based promotions such as the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC), [[World Extreme Cage Fighting]] (WEC) and [[Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)|Strikeforce]].
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==Issues==
==Issues==
An issue in the implementation of a lineal championship is what to do if the lineal champion retires, dies, or moves to a different weight class. Different ways of resolving this vacancy mean the lineal championship may itself be subject to dispute. Since the modern lineal championship is merely a notional title tracked by fans, there is no money or organization to arrange a box-off to fill a vacant title, and there may not be consensus on who the top contenders are, this is both true for boxing and MMA.<ref name="arcane"/> One example given by Cliff Rold of BoxingScene is the light heavyweight title, considered vacant from the time [[Michael Spinks]] went up to heavyweight in 1985 until some time in the 1990s. While Rold considers [[Virgil Hill]]'s defeat of [[Henry Maske]] as the beginning of the next line of succession, as does Cyber Boxing Zone,<ref>[http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/lheavy.htm The Cyber Boxing Zone<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Ring magazine|''Ring'' magazine]] controversially traces the title through [[Roy Jones]].<ref name="rold2">{{cite web|url= http://cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/w0707-rold.htm|title=Boxing's Lineal Mathematics: Champion Versus Champion II|last=Rold|first= Cliff|work=Wail!|publisher=CBZ|accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref>
An issue in the implementation of a lineal championship is what to do if the lineal champion retires, dies, or moves to a different weight class. Different ways of resolving this vacancy mean the lineal championship may itself be subject to dispute. Since the modern lineal championship is merely a notional title tracked by fans, there is no money or organization to arrange a box-off to fill a vacant title, and there may not be consensus on who the top contenders are, this is both true for boxing and MMA.<ref name="arcane">{{cite web|url= http://www.arcaneknowledge.org/sports/linealprob.htm|title=Critique of "Lineal" Boxing Championships|last=Castellano|first=Daniel J.|year=2005|publisher=Repository of Arcane Knowledge|accessdate=2008-11-19}}</ref> One example given by Cliff Rold of BoxingScene is the light heavyweight title, considered vacant from the time [[Michael Spinks]] went up to heavyweight in 1985 until some time in the 1990s. While Rold considers [[Virgil Hill]]'s defeat of [[Henry Maske]] as the beginning of the next line of succession, as does Cyber Boxing Zone,<ref>[http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/lheavy.htm The Cyber Boxing Zone<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Ring magazine|''Ring'' magazine]] controversially traces the title through [[Roy Jones]].<ref name="rold2">{{cite web|url= http://cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/w0707-rold.htm|title=Boxing's Lineal Mathematics: Champion Versus Champion II|last=Rold|first= Cliff|work=Wail!|publisher=CBZ|accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref>


Another criticism of the lineal championship is that a fighter may defend it against inferior opponents. For example, [[George Foreman]] was considered lineal champion from 1994 until 1997, when [[Shannon Briggs]] beat him. After the WBA and IBF stripped him of their titles in 1995, Foreman fought only two, low-ranked opponents before Briggs. The lineal champion is not necessarily the boxer viewed as the best.<ref name="espn-nate"/> Cyber Boxing Zone and BoxingScene considered [[Zsolt Erdei]] the lineal light-heavyweight champion from his 2004 defeat of [[Julio César González]] until 2009, when he vacated his title and moved up to cruiserweight; as he had not fought the highest-ranked opponents in the interim, Cliff Rold conceded, "while the concept of a champion needing to lose a title in the ring is solid, the practice is sometimes highly flawed".<ref name="erdei">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxingscene.com/?m=show&id=23459|title=Erdei Vacates: Ding-Dong, the Lineage Argument is Dead|last=Rold|first=Cliff|date=2009-11-14|publisher=BoxingScene| accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref>
Another criticism of the lineal championship is that a fighter may defend it against inferior opponents. For example, [[George Foreman]] was considered lineal champion from 1994 until 1997, when [[Shannon Briggs]] beat him. After the WBA and IBF stripped him of their titles in 1995, Foreman fought only two, low-ranked opponents before Briggs. The lineal champion is not necessarily the boxer viewed as the best.<ref name="espn-nate"/> Cyber Boxing Zone and BoxingScene considered [[Zsolt Erdei]] the lineal light-heavyweight champion from his 2004 defeat of [[Julio César González]] until 2009, when he vacated his title and moved up to cruiserweight; as he had not fought the highest-ranked opponents in the interim, Cliff Rold conceded, "while the concept of a champion needing to lose a title in the ring is solid, the practice is sometimes highly flawed".<ref name="erdei">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxingscene.com/?m=show&id=23459|title=Erdei Vacates: Ding-Dong, the Lineage Argument is Dead|last=Rold|first=Cliff|date=2009-11-14|publisher=BoxingScene| accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:27, 20 November 2015

Lineal championship is the theoretical title meant to represent a singular "true" Champion in a particular weight class division in combat sports such as professional boxing, kickboxing and mixed martial arts (MMA).

Within each combat sport there are different sanctioning bodies and promotion organizations which name and recognize their own champions. This creates a scenario where, within each sport, there may be multiple competitors recognized as "champion," per weight division. These different organizations also maintain the right to arbitrarily strip a title from a champion for reasons other than the win/loss results of a competition in the ring or cage (e.g., contractual disputes, suspensions). The Lineal championship title is intended to negate this.

Rather than having an "alphabet soup"[1] of champions and rather than adhering to the inclinations of one particular organization over another, the premise of the lineal championship is to base the championship title on the actual win/loss results of a competition and maintain a singular direct line of championship title succession.

History

The concept of a lineal champion was developed by boxing fans dissatisfied by the tendency of each of the various sanctioning bodies (WBC, WBA, IBF, etc.) to recognize different champions, and in particular to strip a champion of his title for refusing to fight its top-ranked contender. Prior to the 1970s, this rarely happened; the National Boxing Association (NBA) and the New York State Athletic Commission (NYSAC) sometimes recognized different champions, but there was usually only a short interval before one champion defeated the other. In this era, a title vacancy was generally filled by having a single-elimination tournament box-off between two or more top-ranked contenders.

The lineal championship is intended as a return to that era. Several top boxers have specified holding the lineal championship as a personal accomplishment (e.g. Lennox Lewis[2]) or goal (e.g., Nate Campbell[3]).

In mixed martial arts the lineal championship is of particular relevance due to the fact that up until the mid 2000s, the top ranked fighters were spread out amongst a number of Mixed Martial Arts promotions across the globe. This included Japanese promotions such as Pride Fighting Championships, Pancrase, and Dream as well as US based promotions such as the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), World Extreme Cage Fighting (WEC) and Strikeforce.

The UFC eventually purchased most of the major promotions[4] and, as a result, all of the lineal champions are currently signed with the promotion. In addition, all of the lineal titles have been unified with the UFC titles with the exception of lightweight (155 lbs). UFC fighter Donald Cerrone holds this lineal title after beating the former Bellator MMA lightweight champion Eddie Alvarez in 2014.[5] Cerrone has been promised the next title shot against current UFC champion Rafael dos Anjos.[6] Barring a draw or No Contest, this fight will result in the unification of the lineal title with the UFC title.

Issues

An issue in the implementation of a lineal championship is what to do if the lineal champion retires, dies, or moves to a different weight class. Different ways of resolving this vacancy mean the lineal championship may itself be subject to dispute. Since the modern lineal championship is merely a notional title tracked by fans, there is no money or organization to arrange a box-off to fill a vacant title, and there may not be consensus on who the top contenders are, this is both true for boxing and MMA.[7] One example given by Cliff Rold of BoxingScene is the light heavyweight title, considered vacant from the time Michael Spinks went up to heavyweight in 1985 until some time in the 1990s. While Rold considers Virgil Hill's defeat of Henry Maske as the beginning of the next line of succession, as does Cyber Boxing Zone,[8] Ring magazine controversially traces the title through Roy Jones.[9]

Another criticism of the lineal championship is that a fighter may defend it against inferior opponents. For example, George Foreman was considered lineal champion from 1994 until 1997, when Shannon Briggs beat him. After the WBA and IBF stripped him of their titles in 1995, Foreman fought only two, low-ranked opponents before Briggs. The lineal champion is not necessarily the boxer viewed as the best.[3] Cyber Boxing Zone and BoxingScene considered Zsolt Erdei the lineal light-heavyweight champion from his 2004 defeat of Julio César González until 2009, when he vacated his title and moved up to cruiserweight; as he had not fought the highest-ranked opponents in the interim, Cliff Rold conceded, "while the concept of a champion needing to lose a title in the ring is solid, the practice is sometimes highly flawed".[10]

In mixed martial arts, most controversy centers on the proper method for determining the first lineal MMA champion within each weight class. Early fights did not follow the currently agreed upon weight classes determined by the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts, a rule set that was not finalized until the year 2000. For example; Some consider Mark Coleman's victory in 1997, when he became the first UFC Heavyweight champion, to be the beginning of the Heavyweight lineage. Others argue that Royce Gracie's victory at UFC 1 in 1993 is the true heavyweight starting point due to the Open-weight nature of the tournament. In this case, however, the lineal titles converge and unify with the current UFC Heavyweight title, so the champion remains the same regardless of which lineage you choose to follow.[5][11]

Versions

The boxing magazine The Ring has its own lineal championship. The original sequence was from its first publication in the 1920s until its hiatus in 1989, continuing as late as 1992 in some divisions. When it started awarding titles again in 2001, it did not calculate retrospective lineages to fill in the gap years, instead nominating a new champion.[12] CBZ commented in 2004, "The Ring has forfeited its credibility by pulling names out of its ass to name fighters as champions".[13] In 2007, The Ring was acquired by the owners of fight promoter Golden Boy Promotions,[14] which has publicized The Ring's world championship when this is at stake in fights it promotes (such as Joe Calzaghe vs. Roy Jones, Jr. in 2008).[15] Since 2012, to reduce the number of vacant titles, The Ring allows fights between a #1 or #2 contender and a #3, #4, or #5 contender to fill a vacant title. This has prompted further doubts about its credibility.[16][17][18] Sports Illustrated used The Ring lineages for galleries of lineal heavyweight and middleweight champions.[19][20]

Further information: List of The Ring world champions

The Cyber Boxing Zone (CBZ) website maintains lists of lineal champions, with input from Tracy Callis of the International Boxing Research Organization.[13][21][22] These were first published in 1994, and are retrospective to the introduction of Queensberry Rules in 1895.[22] The historical lists have sometimes been updated when new information about old fights comes to light.[23] If its lineal champion at one weight class moves to another class, CBZ does not automatically vacate his title.[24]

BoxingScene.com disagrees with the lineages given by The Ring and by CBZ, especially in lower weight divisions with a higher rate of champions changing division.[9] BoxingScene has traced its own most recent lineages, generally back to the 1990s.[25][26][27][28]

Records

See also

References

  1. ^ "BoxRec Alphabet soup". boxrec.com.
  2. ^ Rafael, Dan (2004-02-08). "Lewis retires, saying he has nothing left to prove". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-11-20. The mission I set out on in the beginning — to become heavyweight champion of the world, undisputed, lineal champion — you could say that mission is complete.
  3. ^ a b Raskin, Eric (2008-03-24). "In an ideal world, Casamayor fights the 'Galaxxy Warrior' next". ESPN. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  4. ^ UFC purchases Strikeforce; UFC boss says organizations to operate independently - MMAjunkie
  5. ^ a b http://www.mmatorch.com/artman2/publish/williamstake/article_17024.shtml
  6. ^ UFC informs Donald Cerrone that he's next for a title shot, and he'll have to wait on Rafael dos Anjos - MMAFighting
  7. ^ Castellano, Daniel J. (2005). "Critique of "Lineal" Boxing Championships". Repository of Arcane Knowledge. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
  8. ^ The Cyber Boxing Zone
  9. ^ a b Rold, Cliff. "Boxing's Lineal Mathematics: Champion Versus Champion II". Wail!. CBZ. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  10. ^ Rold, Cliff (2009-11-14). "Erdei Vacates: Ding-Dong, the Lineage Argument is Dead". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  11. ^ http://m.mixedmartialarts.com/mma-news/435709/Bigfoot-The-lineal-champion-of-MMA/
  12. ^ Boxing News : The Disputed Light Heavyweight Champion of the World
  13. ^ a b DeLisa, Mike (August 2004). "What the CBZ Means When it Refers to "Lineal Championships"". The CBZ Journal. cyberboxingzone. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  14. ^ "Golden Boy Enterprises' Subsidiary, Sports and Entertainment Publications, LLC, Acquires The Ring Magazine, KO, World Boxing and Pro Wrestling Illustrated". Golden Boy Promotions. 2007-09-12. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  15. ^ Kimball, George (2008-04-27). "Calzaghe claim far from undisputed". Boston Herald. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
  16. ^ Chat: Chat with Dan Rafael - SportsNation - ESPN
  17. ^ The Horrible New Ring Magazine Championship Policy - Queensberry Rules
  18. ^ Ring Magazine's pretend rankings upgrade 'championship' policy – theboxingtribune.com
  19. ^ "Lineal Heavyweight Champions - Photos". SI.com. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  20. ^ "Lineal Middleweight Champs Since 1941 - Photos". SI.com. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  21. ^ a b "The Cyber Boxing Zone Lineal World Champions". Cyber Boxing Zone. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  22. ^ a b "Lineal Boxing World Champions". Cyber Boxing Zone. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  23. ^ "New Lineal Bantamweight Championship Title Claimant!". CBZ Historical News. Cyber Boxing Zone. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  24. ^ Greisman, David P. (20 September 2010). ""Fighting Words" – Mosley vs Mora Debacle: Caveat Empty". Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  25. ^ Donovan, Jake (2009-02-16). "Crowning And Recognizing A Lineal Champion – Part I". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  26. ^ Donovan, Jake (2009-02-17). "Crowning And Recognizing A Lineal Champion – Part II". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  27. ^ Donovan, Jake (2009-02-19). "Crowning And Recognizing A Lineal Champion – Part III". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  28. ^ Donovan, Jake (20 February 2009). "Crowning And Recognizing A Lineal Champion – Part IV". boxingscene. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  29. ^ Kickboxing lineal title history: Lineal Heavyweight gold on the line at Glory 19 - Bloody Elbow
  30. ^ "Lineal flyweight boxing champions". The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia. Cyber Boxing Zone. 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  31. ^ a b c Rosenthal, Michael (2009-10-28). "Pacquiao seeking title in record seventh division". The Ring blog. Retrieved 2010-01-29. Pacquiao has won titles as a flyweight (1998), junior featherweight (2001), featherweight (2003, THE RING), junior lightweight (2008), lightweight (2008) and junior welterweight (2009, THE RING), which equals Oscar De La Hoya's six-division record. And boxing historian Cliff Rold pointed out that Pacquiao is the only fighter in history to win four lineal titles (112 pounds, 126, 130 and 140)
  32. ^ Rafael, Dan (2009-05-01). "Pacquiao chases sixth title, history". ESPN.
  33. ^ Graham, Bryan Armen (2009-05-04). "Beatdown of Hatton lifts Pacquiao into pantheon of all-time greats". Inside Boxing. CNN/SI. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
  34. ^ Kickboxing Lineal Title History: 7 lineal titles on the line at Glory 18- Bloody Elbow
  35. ^ A Lineal Title Supported Argument for the GOAT in MMA - Bloody Elbow
  36. ^ FEDOR LOSES: WERDUM SHOCKS THE WORLD - Sherdog
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