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[[File:Old Post Office Building Washington DC.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Old Post Office Pavilion|Old Post Office Building]], Washington, DC (1892-99)]]
[[File:Old Post Office Building Washington DC.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Old Post Office Pavilion|Old Post Office Building]], Washington, DC (1892-99)]]
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'''Willoughby James Edbrooke''' (1843—1896) was an American architect and a bureaucrat who remained faithful to a [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] style into the era of [[Beaux-Arts architecture]] in the United States, supported by commissions from conservative federal and state governments that were spurred by his stint in 1891-92 as [[Office of the Supervising Architect|Supervising Architect]] of the [[U.S. Treasury Department]].

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'''Willoughby James Edbrooke''' ([[Evanston, Illinois]] 1843 — 1896) was an American architect and a bureaucrat who remained faithful to a [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] style into the era of [[Beaux-Arts architecture]] in the United States, supported by commissions from conservative federal and state governments that were spurred by his stint in 1891-92 as [[Office of the Supervising Architect|Supervising Architect]] of the [[U.S. Treasury Department]].


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Edbrooke first practiced in Chicago in 1868 and in 1879 formed a partnership with [[Franklin Pierce Burnham]] (died 1909). The partnership was dissolved in 1892.<ref>Michael H. Ebner, ''Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History'' 1988:66</ref> Among their major joint commissions were the [[Georgia State Capitol]],<ref name="atlantaga.gov">[http://www.atlantaga.gov/government/urbandesign_statecap.aspx "City of Atlanta on-line": Georgia State Capitol]</ref> and buildings for [[University of Notre Dame]], and the Mecca Apartments (1891-1892) in Chicago, where Edbrooke served as superintendent of construction. The division of responsibilities and credit for constructions at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]], Chicago, 1893, may have finalized the dissolution of the partnership. Edbrooke resided in Washington DC, where in his position as supervising architect of the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], he initiated the design of at least forty buildings.<ref>''Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects'' [http://www.atlantaga.gov/government/urbandesign_statecap.aspx quoted at "City of Atlanta on-line"]</ref>
Edbrooke was born in [[Evanston, Illinois]]. He first practiced in Chicago in 1868 and in 1879 formed a partnership with [[Franklin Pierce Burnham]] (died 1909). The partnership was dissolved in 1892.<ref>Michael H. Ebner, ''Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History'' 1988:66</ref> Among their major joint commissions were the [[Georgia State Capitol]],<ref name="atlantaga.gov">[http://www.atlantaga.gov/government/urbandesign_statecap.aspx "City of Atlanta on-line": Georgia State Capitol]</ref> and buildings for [[University of Notre Dame]], and the Mecca Apartments (1891-1892) in Chicago, where Edbrooke served as superintendent of construction. The division of responsibilities and credit for constructions at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]], Chicago, 1893, may have finalized the dissolution of the partnership. Edbrooke resided in Washington DC, where in his position as supervising architect of the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], he initiated the design of at least forty buildings.<ref>''Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects'' [http://www.atlantaga.gov/government/urbandesign_statecap.aspx quoted at "City of Atlanta on-line"]</ref>


The monumentally classical Georgia State Capitol shows Burnham's design sensibility rather than Edbrooke's, as Edbrooke's late constructions show. At the turn of the twentieth century, fire destroyed many of the documents in storage at the Capitol, including the original plans and specifications for the building.<ref name="atlantaga.gov" /> The competition for the capitol's design was judged by New York architect, [[George B. Post]], who remarked its "beauty, strength and harmony" in justifying his selection of the Edbrooke and Burnham classicizing design, that it was more academically correct, simple and elegant, and monumental in its appearance.<ref>[http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/capital.htm#anchor686678 Edwin L. Jackson, "The Story of Georgia's Capitols and Capital Cities"]</ref>
The monumentally classical Georgia State Capitol shows Burnham's design sensibility rather than Edbrooke's, as Edbrooke's late constructions show. At the turn of the twentieth century, fire destroyed many of the documents in storage at the Capitol, including the original plans and specifications for the building.<ref name="atlantaga.gov" /> The competition for the capitol's design was judged by New York architect, [[George B. Post]], who remarked its "beauty, strength and harmony" in justifying his selection of the Edbrooke and Burnham classicizing design, that it was more academically correct, simple and elegant, and monumental in its appearance.<ref>[http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/capital.htm#anchor686678 Edwin L. Jackson, "The Story of Georgia's Capitols and Capital Cities"]</ref>
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*[[World's Columbian Exposition]], Chicago (1893) Government Building. Co-architect Burnham.
*[[World's Columbian Exposition]], Chicago (1893) Government Building. Co-architect Burnham.


===As Supervising Architect===
===As supervising architect===


*[[San Jose Museum of Art|San Jose Post Office]], [[San Jose, California]] (1892) Served as the main city library 1937-69; occupied by the Civic Art Gallery 1969, renamed the [[San Jose Museum of Art]] 1974. In the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|1906 earthquake]] the top of the tower collapsed into the street and was rebuilt in modified form.<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=sanjosemuseumofarthistoricwing-sanjose-ca-usa Emporis.com: San Jose Museum of Art].</ref>
*[[San Jose Museum of Art|San Jose Post Office]], [[San Jose, California]] (1892) Served as the main city library 1937-69; occupied by the Civic Art Gallery 1969, renamed the [[San Jose Museum of Art]] 1974. In the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|1906 earthquake]] the top of the tower collapsed into the street and was rebuilt in modified form.<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=sanjosemuseumofarthistoricwing-sanjose-ca-usa Emporis.com: San Jose Museum of Art].</ref>

Revision as of 17:20, 21 October 2017

Old Post Office Building, Washington, DC (1892-99)

Willoughby James Edbrooke (1843—1896) was an American architect and a bureaucrat who remained faithful to a Richardsonian Romanesque style into the era of Beaux-Arts architecture in the United States, supported by commissions from conservative federal and state governments that were spurred by his stint in 1891-92 as Supervising Architect of the U.S. Treasury Department.

Life and career

Edbrooke was born in Evanston, Illinois. He first practiced in Chicago in 1868 and in 1879 formed a partnership with Franklin Pierce Burnham (died 1909). The partnership was dissolved in 1892.[1] Among their major joint commissions were the Georgia State Capitol,[2] and buildings for University of Notre Dame, and the Mecca Apartments (1891-1892) in Chicago, where Edbrooke served as superintendent of construction. The division of responsibilities and credit for constructions at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893, may have finalized the dissolution of the partnership. Edbrooke resided in Washington DC, where in his position as supervising architect of the Treasury Department, he initiated the design of at least forty buildings.[3]

The monumentally classical Georgia State Capitol shows Burnham's design sensibility rather than Edbrooke's, as Edbrooke's late constructions show. At the turn of the twentieth century, fire destroyed many of the documents in storage at the Capitol, including the original plans and specifications for the building.[2] The competition for the capitol's design was judged by New York architect, George B. Post, who remarked its "beauty, strength and harmony" in justifying his selection of the Edbrooke and Burnham classicizing design, that it was more academically correct, simple and elegant, and monumental in its appearance.[4] At the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893, the Government Building was ascribed to Willoughby J. Edbrooke.[5] Its classicizing design fit in harmoniously with the "White City" that ushered in the American Renaissance movement and the age of Beaux-Arts architecture. At the Exposition, Franklin P. Burnham was officially credited only with the Cold-Storage Warehouse, while "Willoughby J. Edbrooke, Washington" is credited with the United States Government Building and the other official federal exhibits.[6]

Edbrooke was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

His son Harry W.J. Edbrooke (1873-1946) went into practice with Willoughby's brother, Frank E. Edbrooke, the dean of early Denver architecture.[7]

Wheeler Opera House, a landmark in the center of Aspen, Colorado

Selected works

With Franklin P. Burnham

Edbrooke's Golden Dome is a landmark of the University of Notre Dame
  • Construction for University of Notre Dame: the Main Administration Building (1879), Washington Hall (1881), LaFortune Student Center (1883) and Sorin Hall (1889).[8]
  • Georgia State Capitol (1884–89) Co-architect Franklin P. Burnham. Local builders were It was built by Miles and Horne . George Crouch worked on the ornamental sculpture.
  • Christ Episcopal Church, Waukegan, Illinois (1887-1889). Co-architect Franklin P. Burnham. Done in classic Richardsonian Romanesque style, its interior has been updated but preserves much of the original aesthetic. It also features an excellent collection of stained glass windows, including one from the studios of Louis Comfort Tiffany. Located at 410 Grand Ave, it continues to be an active Episcopal parish.
  • 7th District Police Station, Chicago, Illinois (1888) Co-architect Franklin P. Burnham
  • Kane County Courthouse, Geneva, Illinois (c. 1890-92). Co-architect Franklin P. Burnham.
  • World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1893) Government Building. Co-architect Burnham.

As supervising architect

References

Notes
  1. ^ Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History 1988:66
  2. ^ a b "City of Atlanta on-line": Georgia State Capitol
  3. ^ Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects quoted at "City of Atlanta on-line"
  4. ^ Edwin L. Jackson, "The Story of Georgia's Capitols and Capital Cities"
  5. ^ SAIC Digital Libraries Documentary photographs.
  6. ^ The American Indian School, Army Hospital, Government Lighthouse, Heliograph and Transit House, Life-saving Station, Naval Observatory and Weather Bureau, in addition to the Government Building. ("The Architects and Their Buildings").
  7. ^ Francis J. Pierson, Dennis J. (FRW) Gallagher, Getting to Know Denver: Five Fabulous Walking Tours 2006:16.
  8. ^ University of Notre Dame Buildings Inventory
  9. ^ Emporis.com: San Jose Museum of Art.
  10. ^ "Scott G. Schultz, "America's Watchtower: Saving the Old Post Office"" (PDF). (303 KB).
  11. ^ John D. Milner (June 22, 1973), National Register of Historic Places Nomination: Federal Aviation Administration Records Center (pdf), National Park Service
  12. ^ Emporis.com: Sioux City City Hall
  13. ^ Dr Mary Ann Sullivan: "Milwaukee Federal Building": captioned photographs.
  14. ^ Emporis.com: Landmark Center


Preceded by Office of the Supervising Architect
1891–1892 		Succeeded by
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