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The '''Widom-Larsen theory''' is a theory developed in 2016 by Dr. Allan Widom and Lewis Larsen which describes the production of ultra low momentum neutrons and subsequent catalysis of [[Low Energy Nuclear Reactions]] (LENR). Neutrons are hypothesized to be produced during weak interactions when protons capture "heavy" electrons in certain special conditions, such as [[Hydride#Interstitial_hydrides_or_metallic_hydrides|metallic hydride]] surfaces.<ref name="WLT">{{Cite journal |last=Widom |first=A |last2=Larsen |first2=L |title=Ultra Low Momentum Neutron Catalyzed Nuclear Reactions on Metallic Hydride Surfaces |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140%2Fepjc%2Fs2006-02479-8?LI=true |journal=The European Physical Journal C |publication-date=April 2006 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s2006-02479-8 |archive-url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0505026.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2005 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> The theory has been criticized as being "based on a number of fallacies and an obscuring way of handling the equations."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tennfors |first=Einor |title=On the idea of low energy nuclear reactions in metallic lattices by producing neutrons from protons capturing "heavy" electrons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260246109_On_the_idea_of_low_energy_nuclear_reactions_in_metallic_lattices_by_producing_neutrons_from_protons_capturing_heavy_electrons |journal=European Journal of Physics |publication-date=15 February 2015 |doi=10.1140/epjp/i2013-13015-3 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
The '''Widom-Larsen theory''' is a theory developed in 2016 by Dr. Allan Widom and Lewis Larsen which describes the production of ultra low momentum neutrons and subsequent catalysis of [[Low Energy Nuclear Reactions]] (LENR).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://discovermagazine.com/2012/nov/27-big-idea-bring-back-the-cold-fusion-dream |title=Big Idea: Bring Back the "Cold Fusion" Dream. A new theory may explain the notorious cold fusion experiment from two decades ago, reigniting hopes of a clean-energy breakthrough. |last=Anderson |first=Mark |publication-place=Discover Magazine |publication-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> Neutrons are hypothesized to be produced during weak interactions when protons capture "heavy" electrons in certain special conditions, such as [[Hydride#Interstitial_hydrides_or_metallic_hydrides|metallic hydride]] surfaces.<ref name="WLT">{{Cite journal |last=Widom |first=A |last2=Larsen |first2=L |title=Ultra Low Momentum Neutron Catalyzed Nuclear Reactions on Metallic Hydride Surfaces |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140%2Fepjc%2Fs2006-02479-8?LI=true |journal=The European Physical Journal C |publication-date=April 2006 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s2006-02479-8 |archive-url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0505026.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2005 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> The theory has been criticized as being "based on a number of fallacies and an obscuring way of handling the equations."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tennfors |first=Einor |title=On the idea of low energy nuclear reactions in metallic lattices by producing neutrons from protons capturing "heavy" electrons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260246109_On_the_idea_of_low_energy_nuclear_reactions_in_metallic_lattices_by_producing_neutrons_from_protons_capturing_heavy_electrons |journal=European Journal of Physics |publication-date=15 February 2015 |doi=10.1140/epjp/i2013-13015-3 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>


The theory was expanded by Dr. Yogendra Srivastava in 2014, and additionally theorized as a possible explanation for neutrons observed in exploding wire experiments, Solar corona and flares, as well as to explain neutron production in thunderstorms.<ref name="Pramana">{{Cite journal |last=Srivastava |first=Y |last2=Widom |first2=A |last3=Larsen |first3=L |title=A primer for electroweak induced low-energy nuclear reactions |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/pram/075/04/0617-0637 |journal=Pramana – Journal of Physics |publication-date=October 2014 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> However, unreal concentrations of free electrons would be needed for the theory's prediction of neutron yield to be a significant component of thunderstorm neutrons, discounting the theory as an explanation.<ref name="PRD">{{Cite journal |last=Babich |first=L P |last2=Bochkov |first2=E I |last3=Kutsyk |first3=I M |last4=Rassoul |first4=H K |title=Analysis of fundamental interactions capable of producing neutrons in thunderstorms |url=https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.093010#fulltext |journal=Physics Review D |publication-date=13 May 2014 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.89.093010 |archive-url=https://dspace-test.lib.fit.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11141/305/PRD20141D.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=2014 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="JETP">{{Cite journal |last=Babich |first=L P |title=Fundamental processes capable of accounting for the neutron flux enhancements in a thunderstorm atmosphere |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063776114030017 |journal=Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics |doi=10.1134/S1063776114030017 |archive-url=http://crd.yerphi.am/files/Exploration-Discovery/Babich_Neutrons14.pdf |archive-date=2014 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="PRC">{{Cite journal |last=Babich |first=L P |title=Analysis of a laboratory experiment on neutron generation by discharges in the open atmosphere |url=https://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044602 |journal=Physics Review C |publication-date=8 October 2015 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044602 |archive-url=http://crd.yerphi.am/files/Publication/References_to_CRD/Babich_anti_n20.pdf |archive-date=2015 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> The theory has also been suggested as describing the source of neutrons produced in the fracture of piezoelectric and iron containing rocks.<ref name="JoPG">{{Cite journal |last=Widom |first=A |last2=Swain |first2=J |last3=Srivastava |first3=Y |title=Neutron production from the fracture of piezoelectric rocks |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0954-3899/40/1/015006/meta |journal=Journal of Physics G |publication-date=14 December 2012 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Meccanica">{{Cite journal |last=Widom |first=A |last2=Swain |first2=J |last3=Srivastava |first3=Y |title=Photo-disintegration of the iron nucleus in fractured magnetite rocks with magnetostriction |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11012-014-0007-x |journal=Mechanicca |publication-date=May 2015 |doi=10.1007/s11012-014-0007-x |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
The theory was expanded by Dr. Yogendra Srivastava in 2014, and additionally theorized as a possible explanation for neutrons observed in exploding wire experiments, Solar corona and flares, as well as to explain neutron production in thunderstorms.<ref name="Pramana">{{Cite journal |last=Srivastava |first=Y |last2=Widom |first2=A |last3=Larsen |first3=L |title=A primer for electroweak induced low-energy nuclear reactions |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/pram/075/04/0617-0637 |journal=Pramana – Journal of Physics |publication-date=October 2014 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> However, unreal concentrations of free electrons would be needed for the theory's prediction of neutron yield to be a significant component of thunderstorm neutrons, discounting the theory as an explanation.<ref name="PRD">{{Cite journal |last=Babich |first=L P |last2=Bochkov |first2=E I |last3=Kutsyk |first3=I M |last4=Rassoul |first4=H K |title=Analysis of fundamental interactions capable of producing neutrons in thunderstorms |url=https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.093010#fulltext |journal=Physics Review D |publication-date=13 May 2014 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.89.093010 |archive-url=https://dspace-test.lib.fit.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11141/305/PRD20141D.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=2014 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="JETP">{{Cite journal |last=Babich |first=L P |title=Fundamental processes capable of accounting for the neutron flux enhancements in a thunderstorm atmosphere |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063776114030017 |journal=Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics |doi=10.1134/S1063776114030017 |archive-url=http://crd.yerphi.am/files/Exploration-Discovery/Babich_Neutrons14.pdf |archive-date=2014 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="PRC">{{Cite journal |last=Babich |first=L P |title=Analysis of a laboratory experiment on neutron generation by discharges in the open atmosphere |url=https://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044602 |journal=Physics Review C |publication-date=8 October 2015 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044602 |archive-url=http://crd.yerphi.am/files/Publication/References_to_CRD/Babich_anti_n20.pdf |archive-date=2015 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> The theory has also been suggested as describing the source of neutrons produced in the fracture of piezoelectric and iron containing rocks.<ref name="JoPG">{{Cite journal |last=Widom |first=A |last2=Swain |first2=J |last3=Srivastava |first3=Y |title=Neutron production from the fracture of piezoelectric rocks |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0954-3899/40/1/015006/meta |journal=Journal of Physics G |publication-date=14 December 2012 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Meccanica">{{Cite journal |last=Widom |first=A |last2=Swain |first2=J |last3=Srivastava |first3=Y |title=Photo-disintegration of the iron nucleus in fractured magnetite rocks with magnetostriction |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11012-014-0007-x |journal=Mechanicca |publication-date=May 2015 |doi=10.1007/s11012-014-0007-x |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>

Revision as of 02:06, 24 March 2017

The Widom-Larsen theory is a theory developed in 2016 by Dr. Allan Widom and Lewis Larsen which describes the production of ultra low momentum neutrons and subsequent catalysis of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR).[1] Neutrons are hypothesized to be produced during weak interactions when protons capture "heavy" electrons in certain special conditions, such as metallic hydride surfaces.[2] The theory has been criticized as being "based on a number of fallacies and an obscuring way of handling the equations."[3]

The theory was expanded by Dr. Yogendra Srivastava in 2014, and additionally theorized as a possible explanation for neutrons observed in exploding wire experiments, Solar corona and flares, as well as to explain neutron production in thunderstorms.[4] However, unreal concentrations of free electrons would be needed for the theory's prediction of neutron yield to be a significant component of thunderstorm neutrons, discounting the theory as an explanation.[5][6][7] The theory has also been suggested as describing the source of neutrons produced in the fracture of piezoelectric and iron containing rocks.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ Anderson, Mark (23 October 2012). "Big Idea: Bring Back the "Cold Fusion" Dream. A new theory may explain the notorious cold fusion experiment from two decades ago, reigniting hopes of a clean-energy breakthrough". Discover Magazine.
  2. ^ Widom, A; Larsen, L (April 2006). "Ultra Low Momentum Neutron Catalyzed Nuclear Reactions on Metallic Hydride Surfaces" (PDF). The European Physical Journal C. doi:10.1140/epjc/s2006-02479-8. Archived from the original on 2 May 2005. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  3. ^ Tennfors, Einor (15 February 2015). "On the idea of low energy nuclear reactions in metallic lattices by producing neutrons from protons capturing "heavy" electrons". European Journal of Physics. doi:10.1140/epjp/i2013-13015-3. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  4. ^ Srivastava, Y; Widom, A; Larsen, L (October 2014). "A primer for electroweak induced low-energy nuclear reactions". Pramana – Journal of Physics. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  5. ^ Babich, L P; Bochkov, E I; Kutsyk, I M; Rassoul, H K (13 May 2014). "Analysis of fundamental interactions capable of producing neutrons in thunderstorms" (PDF). Physics Review D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.093010. Archived from the original on 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2017. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  6. ^ Babich, L P. "Fundamental processes capable of accounting for the neutron flux enhancements in a thunderstorm atmosphere" (PDF). Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. doi:10.1134/S1063776114030017. Archived from the original on 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2017. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  7. ^ Babich, L P (8 October 2015). "Analysis of a laboratory experiment on neutron generation by discharges in the open atmosphere" (PDF). Physics Review C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044602. Archived from the original on 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2017. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  8. ^ Widom, A; Swain, J; Srivastava, Y (14 December 2012). "Neutron production from the fracture of piezoelectric rocks". Journal of Physics G. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  9. ^ Widom, A; Swain, J; Srivastava, Y (May 2015). "Photo-disintegration of the iron nucleus in fractured magnetite rocks with magnetostriction". Mechanicca. doi:10.1007/s11012-014-0007-x. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
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