Echea: Difference between revisions
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An '''echea''' or ''sounding vase'' (literally ''echoer'')<ref name="Information1974">{{cite book|author=Reed Business Information|title=New Scientist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCkprha8oIAC&pg=PA552|accessdate=6 May 2013|date=21 November 1974|publisher=Reed Business Information|pages=552–|issn=0262-4079}}</ref> is a pot, chamber or vessel that is similar in function to a modern-day [[bass trap]]. They were originally used in ancient Greek theaters to enhance the voices of performers by [[resonance]].<ref name="BrittonArchaeology"> |
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{{cite book |
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|author=[[John Britton (antiquarian)|John Britton]], [[John Le Keux]], [[George Godwin]] |
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|title=A Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the Middle Ages |
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|publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans |
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|year=1838 |
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|page=118 |
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|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vO5PbV1ppbAC |
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}}</ref><ref name="AcousticalPrimer"> |
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{{cite web |
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|title=Ready Acoustics, Acoustical Primer |
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|url=http://www.readyacoustics.com/index.php?go=acoustics-advice.acoustics-primer |
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|accessdate =2008-04-05 |
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}}</ref> They were typically made of bronze, but also more economically from earthenware.<ref name="BirchAncientPottery"> |
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{{cite book |
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|last=Birch |
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|first=Samuel |
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|title=History of Ancient Pottery |
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|publisher=J Murray |
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|date=1858 |
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|pages=321 |
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|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vO5PbV1ppbAC |
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}}</ref> |
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Echea were used with a "due regard to the laws and [[harmony]] of physics", according to the Roman writer [[Vitruvius]]. The number of echea used and their positioning depended on the size and shape of the theater.<ref name="BrittonArchaeology" /> The vases operated by resonance, enhancing key frequencies of the performers' voices and absorbing those of the audience, thereby changing the sound in the theater to make voices clearer and more lush.<ref name="AcousticalPrimer" /> |
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Both their use in Roman times, and usefulness, have been debated. Thomas Noble Howe wrote in his commentary on Vitruvius' ''Ten Books on Architecture'': "These vessels, bronze or clay, may be another example of Vitruvius singling out a highly technical feature of Greek architecture that was uncommon, but between eight and sixteen potential sites with evidence of echea have been identified. It is debatable whether such vessels amplified or deadened sound."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vitruvius|editor1-last=Howe|editor1-first=Thomas Noble|title=Ten Books on Architecture|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-521-00292-9|page=245|edition=9th Printing}}</ref> |
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Similar devices were used in early churches. Some were discovered in the vaulted ceiling of the choir of [[Strasbourg Cathedral]], as well as in [[mosque]]s dating back to the 11th century.<ref name="BrittonArchaeology" /><ref name="AcousticalPrimer" /> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vyzg2CAoP7UC The Ten Books on Architecture, by Vitruvius, p171-173] |
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[[Category:Ancient Roman culture]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Greek pot shapes]] |
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{{Archaeology-stub}} |
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{{Hist-stub}} |
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{{physics-stub}} |
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Revision as of 15:26, 25 April 2017
ismail khan is in the middle of editing this source so sorry for any inconvenience you can check on wikipedia.com/helpedit for more information