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'''Implosion''' can refer to:
⚫
{{Other uses|Implosion (disambiguation)}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2009}}
[[Image:Explosion and implosion.svg|right|thumb|200px|In an [[explosion]] (top), force radiates away from a source. With implosion (bottom), the object collapses upon itself (generally being crushed by an outside force).]]


==Physics==
'''Implosion''' is a process in which objects are destroyed by collapsing (or being squeezed in) on themselves. The opposite of [[explosion]], implosion concentrates [[matter]] and [[energy]]. True implosion usually involves a difference between internal (lower) and external (higher) pressure, or inward and outward forces, that is so large that the structure collapses inward into itself, or into the space it occupied if it is not a completely solid object.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} Examples of implosion include a submarine being crushed from the outside by the [[Fluid pressure#Hydrostatic pressure|hydrostatic pressure]] of the surrounding water, and the collapse of a massive [[star]] under its own [[gravitational collapse|gravitational pressure]].
* [[Implosion (mechanical process)]]
⚫
* [[Building implosion]]
* [[Implosion-type nuclear weapon]]
* In phonetics, an airstream mechanism associated with [[implosive consonant]]s
* [[Gravitational collapse]] (and more specifically, core collapse) in cosmology
* Parabolic implosion in [[complex dynamics]]
==Books==
* [[Implosion (novel)|''Implosion'' (novel)]], by D. F. Jones
*''Implosion'', book by [[Kathy Acker]] Mark Magill 1983
*''Implosion'', romantic novel by [[Berinn Rae]] Crimson Romance 2013
*''Implosion'', non-fiction book by [[Joel C. Rosenberg]]
<!--
*''Implosion'', book by [[James Montgomerie (writer)]] 1974.
*''Implosion'', book by [[Addison Thomas]] 2004.
*''Implosion'', book by [[Edward O. Knowlton]] [[Edward Knowlton]] 1997
*Implosions by [[Louis Patrick Leroux]] [[Louis Leroux]] 1996.
*Implosions by [[Hervé Masson]] 1980.
*''Implosion'', album by [[State of Being (band)]] Ohio, Reverse Image 2002 -->


==Film and TV==
An implosion ''can'' fling material outward (for example due to the force of inward falling material rebounding, or peripheral material being ejected as the inner parts collapse), but this is not an essential component of an implosion and not all kinds of implosion will do so. If the object was previously solid, then implosion usually requires it to take on a more [[density|dense]] form - in effect to be more concentrated, compressed, denser, or converted into a new material that is denser than the original. Also, it is helpful to note that due to the processes that cause an implosion, the object reacts from the inside out.{{clarify|date=February 2016}}
*''Implosion'', 1983 short film directed by [[E. Elias Merhige]]
*''Implosion'', 2009 German film with [[Marie Tourell Søderberg]]
*''Implosion'', 2011 German film with [[Eriq Ebouaney]]
==Music==
<!--*"Implosion", composition by [[Jörg Widmann]] (b.1973)-->
*''Implosion'', album by [[Cybotron (Australian band)]] Aztec Music 2005
*''Implosion'', album by [[False Prophets (band)]] Alternative Tentacles 1987
* ''[[Implosions (Stephan Micus album)|''Implosions'' (album)]]'', album by Stephan Micus 1977
*''Implosions'', album by [[Stanley Clarke]] 1987
*''Implosions'', video album by [[Stanley Clarke]] 1987


== Examples ==
==See also==
⚫
*[[Implode (disambiguation)]]


{{Disambig}}
===Nuclear weapons===
In an implosion-type [[nuclear weapon design]], a sphere of [[plutonium]], [[uranium]], or other [[fissile]] material is imploded by a spherical arrangement of explosive charges. This decreases the material's volume and thus increases its density by a factor of two to three, causing it to reach [[critical mass]] and create a [[nuclear explosion]].

In some forms of [[thermonuclear weapons]], the energy from this explosion is then used to implode a capsule of fusion fuel before igniting it, causing a [[nuclear fusion|fusion reaction]] (see [[Teller–Ulam design]]). In general, the use of radiation to implode something, as in a hydrogen bomb or in laser driven [[inertial confinement fusion]], is known as [[radiation implosion]].

===Fluid dynamics===
[[Cavitation]] (bubble formation/collapse in a fluid) involves an implosion process. When a cavitation bubble forms in a liquid (for example, by a high-speed water [[propeller]]), this bubble is typically rapidly collapsed—imploded—by the surrounding liquid.

===Astrophysics===
Implosion is a key part of the [[gravitational collapse]] of large [[star]]s, which can lead to the creation of [[supernova]]e, [[neutron star]]s and [[black hole]]s.

In the most common case, the innermost part of a large star (called the [[stellar core|core]]) stops burning and without this source of [[heat]], the forces holding [[electron]]s and [[proton]]s apart are no longer strong enough to do so. The core collapses in on itself exceedingly quickly, and becomes a [[neutron star]] or [[black hole]]; the outer layers of the original star fall inwards and may rebound off the newly created neutron star (if one was created), creating a [[supernova]].

===Controlled structure demolition===
⚫
{{main|Building implosion}}
Large buildings of various structural types such as [[masonry]], [[steel frame]], or [[rebar|reinforced]] [[concrete]] may be reduced to an easily removed pile of rubble by selective destruction of supporting elements by sequenced and confined explosions. The goal is to confine the materials to specific areas, usually to avoid harm to nearby structures. The technique involves the firing of precisely placed demolition charges in specific timed intervals that use gravity to cause the center of the building to fall vertically while simultaneously pulling the sides inward, a process often erroneously described as an ''implosion''.

=== Cathode ray tube and fluorescent lighting implosion ===
A high vacuum exists within all cathode ray tubes. If the outer glass envelope is damaged, a dangerous implosion may occur. Due to the power of the implosion, glass pieces may launch outwards at dangerous velocities. While modern CRTs used in televisions and computer displays have epoxy-bonded face-plates or other measures to prevent shattering of the envelope, CRTs removed from equipment must be handled carefully to avoid personal injury.<ref name='Bali'>{{cite book | last = Bali | first = S.P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Colour Television: Theory and Practice | publisher = Tata McGraw-Hill | date = 1994-06-01 | location = | page = 129 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=53nnX4fnnNIC&pg=PA129#v=onepage&q=&f=false | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780074600245 }}</ref>

[[File:CRT implosion.JPG|thumb|Implosion of a CRT, photographed with a high speed [[air-gap flash]] ]]
[[File:Imploding vacuum tube.JPG|thumb|Imploding vacuum tube, photographed with high speed [[air-gap flash]] ]]

== See also ==
* [[Type II supernova]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://ludwieg.caltech.edu/N_Ponchaut_Thesis.pdf Converging Shock Waves]

[[Category:Mechanics]]

Revision as of 18:12, 24 May 2017

Implosion can refer to:

Physics

Books

Film and TV

Music

See also

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