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==Early life==
==Early life==
Gorham was born on 21 August 1787 in [[St Neots]], [[Huntingdonshire]].{{sfnm |1a1=Boase |1y=1890 |1p=243 |2a1=Wolffe |2y=2004}} He entered [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], in 1805, graduating BA as 3rd [[Wrangler (University of Cambridge)|wrangler]] and Smith's prizeman in 1809.<ref name="Cambridge Alumni Database">{{acad|id=GRN805GC|name=Gorham, George Cornelius}}</ref>
George Cornelius Gorham was born on 21 August 1787 in [[St Neots]], [[Huntingdonshire]], to Mary (née Greame) and George James Gorham.{{sfnm |1a1=Boase |1y=1890 |1p=243 |2a1=Burke |2y=1835 |2p=590}} He entered [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], in 1805, graduating BA as third [[Wrangler (University of Cambridge)|wrangler]] and Smith's prizeman in 1809.<ref name="Cambridge Alumni Database">{{acad|id=GRN805GC|name=Gorham, George Cornelius}}</ref>


He was ordained as a deacon on 10 March 1811,<ref name="Cambridge Alumni Database"/> despite the misgivings of the [[Bishop of Ely]], [[Thomas Dampier]], who found Gorham's views at odds with [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[doctrine]].{{sfn|Boase|1890|p=243}} Gorham's views on baptism had caused comment, particularly his contention that by baptism infants do not become members of Christ and the children of God.{{sfn|Gilman|Peck|Colby|1905}} After being ordained as a priest on 23 February 1912<ref name="Cambridge Alumni Database"/> and serving as a [[curate]] in several parishes, he was instituted as vicar of [[St Just in Penwith]] by [[Henry Phillpotts]], [[Bishop of Exeter]], in 1846.{{sfn|Boase|1890|p=244}}
He was ordained as a deacon on 10 March 1811,<ref name="Cambridge Alumni Database"/> despite the misgivings of the [[Bishop of Ely]], [[Thomas Dampier]], who found Gorham's views at odds with [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[doctrine]].{{sfn|Boase|1890|p=243}} Gorham's views on baptism had caused comment, particularly his contention that by baptism infants do not become members of Christ and the children of God.{{sfn|Gilman|Peck|Colby|1905}} After being ordained as a priest on 23 February 1912<ref name="Cambridge Alumni Database"/> and serving as a [[curate]] in several parishes, he was instituted as vicar of [[St Just in Penwith]] by [[Henry Phillpotts]], [[Bishop of Exeter]], in 1846.{{sfn|Boase|1890|p=244}}
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Revision as of 20:49, 14 December 2017

The Reverend

George Cornelius Gorham
Vicar of Brampford Speke
Gorham in 1850
ChurchChurch of England
DioceseExeter
In office1847–1857
Orders
Ordination
  • 1811 (diaconal)
  • 1812 (presbyteral)
Personal details
Born(1787-08-21)21 August 1787
St Neots, England
Died19 June 1857(1857-06-19) (aged 69)
Brampford Speke, England
Alma materQueens' College, Cambridge

George Cornelius Gorham (1787–1857) was a vicar in the Church of England. His legal recourse to being denied a certain post, subsequently taken to a secular court, caused great controversy.

Early life

George Cornelius Gorham was born on 21 August 1787 in St Neots, Huntingdonshire, to Mary (née Greame) and George James Gorham.[1] He entered Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1805, graduating BA as third wrangler and Smith's prizeman in 1809.[2]

He was ordained as a deacon on 10 March 1811,[2] despite the misgivings of the Bishop of Ely, Thomas Dampier, who found Gorham's views at odds with Anglican doctrine.[3] Gorham's views on baptism had caused comment, particularly his contention that by baptism infants do not become members of Christ and the children of God.[4] After being ordained as a priest on 23 February 1912[2] and serving as a curate in several parishes, he was instituted as vicar of St Just in Penwith by Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, in 1846.[5]

Controversy

In 1847 Gorham was presented by the Earl of Cottenham, the Lord Chancellor, to the vicarage of Brampford Speke, a parish in a small Devon village[citation needed] near Exeter,[6] which has a parish church dedicated to Saint Peter.[citation needed] Upon examining him, Bishop Henry Phillpotts took exception to Gorham's view that baptismal regeneration was conditional and dependent upon a later personal adoption of promises made.[citation needed] The bishop found Gorham's view of baptism to be Calvinistic, making him unsuitable for the post.[7] Gorham appealed to the ecclesiastical Court of Arches to compel the bishop to institute him but the court confirmed the bishop's decision and awarded costs against Gorham.[8]

Gorham then appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which caused great controversy about whether a secular court should decide on the doctrine of the Church of England.[9] The ecclesiastical lawyer Edward Lowth Badeley, a member of the Oxford Movement, appeared before the committee to argue the bishop's cause but eventually the committee (in a split decision)[citation needed] reversed the bishop's and the Arches' decision on 9 March 1850, granting Gorham his institution.[10]

Phillpotts repudiated the judgment and threatened to excommunicate the Archbishop of Canterbury and anyone who dared to institute Gorham.[11] Fourteen prominent Anglicans, including Badeley and[citation needed] Henry Edward Manning, called upon the Church of England to repudiate the views that the Privy Council had expressed on baptism.[12] As there was no response from the church – apart from Phillpotts' protestations – they left the Church of England and joined the Roman Catholic Church.

Subsequent life

Gorham himself spent the rest of his life at his post in Brampford Speke. As vicar, Gorham restored the church building, entirely rebuilding the tower, for which Phillpotts gave some money. He was an antiquary of some reputation, and the author of a number of pamphlets.[4] He died on 19 June 1857 in Brampford Speke.[13]

Publications

References

Citations

  1. ^ Boase 1890, p. 243; Burke 1835, p. 590.
  2. ^ a b c "Gorham, George Cornelius (GRN805GC)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  3. ^ Boase 1890, p. 243.
  4. ^ a b Gilman, Peck & Colby 1905. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905 (help)
  5. ^ Boase 1890, p. 244.
  6. ^ Boase 1890, p. 244; Eckel 1952, p. 276.
  7. ^ "Henry Phillpotts" 2016.
  8. ^ Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1850, p. 2.
  9. ^ Erb 2013, p. lxxi.
  10. ^ Eckel 1952, p. 276.
  11. ^ Jordan 1998.
  12. ^ Strachey 1918, pp. 56–58.
  13. ^ Boase 1890, p. 245.

Works cited

Boase, George Clement (1890). "Gorham, George Cornelius". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 243–245. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Burke, John (1835). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions or High Official Rank but Uninvested with Heritable Honours. Vol. 2. London: Henry Colburn. Retrieved 14 December 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Eckel, E. H. (1952). "Review of Gorham and the Bishop of Exeter by J. C. S. Nias". Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 21 (2): 276–277. ISSN 0018-2486. JSTOR 42972116. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Erb, Peter C. (2013). Introduction. The Correspondence of Henry Edward Manning and William Ewart Gladstone. By Manning, Henry Edward; Gladstone, William Ewart. Erb, Peter C. (ed.). Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xiii–cxx. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780199577323.book.1. ISBN 978-0-19-957732-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore, eds. (1905). "Gorham, George Cornelius" . New International Encyclopedia. Vol. 9 (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 50. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
"Henry Phillpotts". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
Jordan, Andrew (1998). "George Cornelius Gorham, Clerk v Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter: A Case of Anglican Anxieties". Ecclesiastical Law Journal. 5 (23): 104–111. doi:10.1017/S0956618X00000065. ISSN 0956-618X. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (1850). Gorham v. Bishop of Exeter: The Judgment of the Judicial Committee of Privy Council, Delivered March 8, 1850, Reversing the Decision of Sir H. J. Fust. London: Seeleys. Retrieved 14 December 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Strachey, Lytton (1918). Eminent Victorians. Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing Co. Retrieved 14 December 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Further reading

Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore, eds. (1905). "Gorham Controversy" . New International Encyclopedia. Vol. 9 (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 50–51.
Nias, J. C. S. (1951). Gorham and the Bishop of Exeter. London: SPCK.
Wolffe, John (2004). "Gorham, George Cornelius (1787–1857)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11099. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Gorham, George Cornelius" . The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London: Frederick Warne.
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