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the wrestler| Da Soul Touchaz}}
the wrestler| Da Soul Touchaz}}
{{Infobox music genre
{{Infobox music genre
|name=Acid Jazz
|name=Acid jazz
|bgcolor=pink
|bgcolor=pink
|color=black
|color=black
|stylistic_origins={{hlist|[[Jazz]]|[[Soul music|Soul]]|[[Funk]]|[[Disco]]}}
|stylistic_origins={{hlist|[[Jazz]]|[[soul music|soul]]|[[funk]]|[[disco]]}}
|cultural_origins=Mid-1980s, London, United Kingdom
|cultural_origins=Mid-1980s, London, United Kingdom
| instruments = {{hlist|[[Direct-drive turntable]]s|[[synthesizer]]|[[saxophone]]s|[[flute]]|[[trumpet]]|[[trombone]]|[[clarinet]]|[[piano]]|[[electric guitar|guitar]]|[[electric bass|bass]]|[[drum kit|drums]]|[[string instrument|strings]]|[[organ (music)|organ]]}}
| instruments = {{hlist|[[Direct-drive turntable]]s|[[synthesizer]]|[[saxophone]]s|[[flute]]|[[trumpet]]|[[trombone]]|[[clarinet]]|[[piano]]|[[electric guitar|guitar]]|[[electric bass|bass]]|[[drum kit|drums]]|[[string instrument|strings]]|[[organ (music)|organ]]}}
|popularity=Medium-high (United Kingdom)
|popularity=Medium-high (United Kingdom)
|derivatives= {{hlist|[[Nu Jazz]]|[[Nu-Funk]]|[[Trip Hop]]}}
|derivatives= {{hlist|[[Nu jazz]]|[[nu-funk]]|[[trip hop]]}}
|subgenrelist=list of jazz genres
|subgenrelist=list of jazz genres
|subgenres=
|subgenres=
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|other_topics=
|other_topics=
}}
}}
'''Acid Jazz''', also known as '''Club Jazz''', is a [[musical genre]] that combines elements of [[Jazz]], [[Soul music|Soul]], [[Funk]], and [[Disco]].<ref name="RCJE">{{Cite book
'''Acid jazz''', also known as '''club jazz''', is a [[musical genre]] that combines elements of [[jazz]], [[soul music|soul]], [[funk]], and [[disco]].<ref name="RCJE">{{Cite book
| last =Cook
| last =Cook
| first = Richard
| first = Richard
Line 26: Line 26:
| isbn = 0-141-00646-3
| isbn = 0-141-00646-3
| page = 2
| page = 2
}}</ref> Acid Jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s in the [[rare groove]] movement and spread to the US, Japan, Eastern Europe, and Brazil. Major acts included [[Brand New Heavies]], [[Incognito (band)|Incognito]], [[Us3]], and [[Jamiroquai]] from the UK and [[Buckshot LeFonque]] and [[Digable Planets]] from the US. The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as Acid Jazz are now seen as [[Jazz-Funk]], [[Neo Soul]], or [[Jazz Rap]].
}}</ref> Acid jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s in the [[rare groove]] movement and spread to the US, Japan, Eastern Europe, and Brazil. Major acts included [[Brand New Heavies]], [[Incognito (band)|Incognito]], [[Us3]], and [[Jamiroquai]] from the UK and [[Buckshot LeFonque]] and [[Digable Planets]] from the US. The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as [[jazz-funk]], [[neo soul]], or [[jazz rap]].


==Name and characteristics==
==Name and characteristics==
The genre got its name in 1987 from [[Gilles Peterson]], a disc jockey in London.<ref name="New Grove">{{cite book|last1=Adams|first1=Simon|editor1-last=Kernfeld|editor1-first=Barry|title=The The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz|date=2002|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-1-56159-284-5|page=10|edition=2}}</ref><ref name=Bush2001/> The name is a play on the [[acid house]] genre, which was popular in UK clubs in the 1980s.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82>E. G. Price, T. L. Kernodle and H. J. Maxile, eds, ''Encyclopedia of African American Music, Volume 3'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2011), {{ISBN|0-313-34199-0}}, pp.&nbsp;479–82.</ref>
The genre got its name in 1987 from [[Gilles Peterson]], a disc jockey in London.<ref name="New Grove">{{cite book|last1=Adams|first1=Simon|editor1-last=Kernfeld|editor1-first=Barry|title=The The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz|date=2002|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-1-56159-284-5|page=10|edition=2}}</ref><ref name=Bush2001/> The name is a play on the [[acid house]] genre, which was popular in UK clubs in the 1980s.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82>E. G. Price, T. L. Kernodle and H. J. Maxile, eds, ''Encyclopedia of African American Music, Volume 3'' (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2011), {{ISBN|0-313-34199-0}}, pp.&nbsp;479–82.</ref>


[[File:Gilles Peterson 01.jpg|thumb|left|English disc jockey [[Gilles Peterson]] invented the term "Acid Jazz".]]
[[File:Gilles Peterson 01.jpg|thumb|left|English disc jockey [[Gilles Peterson]] invented the term "acid jazz".]]
Acid Jazz consisted of two related movements. The first was based on records released by DJs and producers that included rare jazz tracks, particularly from the 1960s and 1970s, often mixing them with percussion tracks and electronic dance beats.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> The second were groups influenced by these recordings and who emphasised a [[Groove (music)|groove-based]] approach to music.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Acid Jazz uses elements of Jazz, Funk and Hip-Hop. Because of its existence as a percussion-heavy, primarily live music, it was closer to Jazz than any other dance style, but its focus on maintaining a groove allied it with Funk, Hip-Hop, and dance music.<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz>[http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/acid-jazz-ma0000002414 "Acid Jazz"], ''Allmusic'', retrieved 6 January 2014.</ref> The style is characterized by danceable grooves and long, repetitive compositions. Typical ensembles include horns, a full rhythm section (often with a drum set and additional percussion), a vocalist that may sing and rap and often a DJ.<ref>Mick Berry and Jason Gianni, ''The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco'' (See Sharp Press, 2004), {{ISBN|1-884365-32-9}}, p. 68.</ref>
Acid jazz consisted of two related movements. The first was based on records released by DJs and producers that included rare jazz tracks, particularly from the 1960s and 1970s, often mixing them with percussion tracks and electronic dance beats.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> The second were groups influenced by these recordings and who emphasised a [[Groove (music)|groove-based]] approach to music.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Acid jazz uses elements of jazz, funk and hip-hop. Because of its existence as a percussion-heavy, primarily live music, it was closer to jazz than any other dance style, but its focus on maintaining a groove allied it with funk, hip-hop, and dance music.<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz>[http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/acid-jazz-ma0000002414 "Acid Jazz"], ''Allmusic'', retrieved 6 January 2014.</ref> The style is characterized by danceable grooves and long, repetitive compositions. Typical ensembles include horns, a full rhythm section (often with a drum set and additional percussion), a vocalist that may sing and rap and often a DJ.<ref>Mick Berry and Jason Gianni, ''The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco'' (See Sharp Press, 2004), {{ISBN|1-884365-32-9}}, p. 68.</ref>


==History==
==History==


===Origins in the United Kingdom===
===Origins in the United Kingdom===
Acid Jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s, with DJs of the [[rare groove]] movement, who played obscure jazz records. Their main interests were in the fringe of [[jazz Fusion]], [[Jazz Funk]], and with lesser input from [[Soul Jazz]] of the 1950s and 1960s. Particularly significant were records from the [[Blue Note Records|Blue Note]] catalogue.<ref name=Bush2001/>
Acid jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s, with DJs of the [[rare groove]] movement, who played obscure jazz records. Their main interests were in the fringe of [[jazz fusion]], [[jazz funk]], and with lesser input from [[soul jazz]] of the 1950s and 1960s. Particularly significant were records from the [[Blue Note Records|Blue Note]] catalogue.<ref name=Bush2001/>


[[File:The Brand New Heavies By Daniel Åhs Karlsson.jpg|thumb|[[Brand New Heavies]] shown in 2013]]
[[File:The Brand New Heavies By Daniel Åhs Karlsson.jpg|thumb|[[Brand New Heavies]] shown in 2013]]
These DJs included Gilles Peterson, who had residencies at several London clubs in the 1980s, began in his own small [[pirate radio]] station and then moved to the much larger [[Kiss (UK radio station)|Kiss-FM]]. In 1988 with producer [[Eddie Piller]] he formed the label [[Acid Jazz Records]]. The first release from the company was the compilation ''Totally Wired'', which contained obscure jazz funk tracks from the 1970s with updated new tracks.<ref name=Bush2001>J. Bush, "Acid Jazz", in V. Bogdanov, ed., ''All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music'' (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), {{ISBN|0-87930-628-9}}, pp.&nbsp;647–9.</ref> In 1990 Peterson left to found his own label [[Talkin' Loud]] at [[Phonogram Records|Phonogram]].<ref name="Larkin1998">{{cite book |last=Larkin |first=Colin |authorlink=Colin Larkin (writer) |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTPaAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=2 July 2013 |year=1998 |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=978-0-7535-0252-5 |page=334}}</ref> The company signed acts such as [[Galliano (band)|Galliano]], [[Young Disciples]] and [[Urban Species]].<ref name=Bush2001/> Another British record label, [[Fourth And Broadway Records]], was formed in 1990 and began a compilation series with the title "The Rebirth of Cool". Artists included [[Pharoah Sanders]], [[Stereo MCs]], the French rapper [[MC Solaar]], Japanese production team [[United Future Organization]] and saxophonist [[Courtney Pine]].<ref name=Bush2001/>
These DJs included Gilles Peterson, who had residencies at several London clubs in the 1980s, began in his own small [[pirate radio]] station and then moved to the much larger [[Kiss (UK radio station)|Kiss-FM]]. In 1988 with producer [[Eddie Piller]] he formed the label [[Acid Jazz Records]]. The first release from the company was the compilation ''Totally Wired'', which contained obscure jazz funk tracks from the 1970s with updated new tracks.<ref name=Bush2001>J. Bush, "Acid Jazz", in V. Bogdanov, ed., ''All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music'' (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), {{ISBN|0-87930-628-9}}, pp.&nbsp;647–9.</ref> In 1990 Peterson left to found his own label [[Talkin' Loud]] at [[Phonogram Records|Phonogram]].<ref name="Larkin1998">{{cite book |last=Larkin |first=Colin |authorlink=Colin Larkin (writer) |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTPaAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=2 July 2013 |year=1998 |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=978-0-7535-0252-5 |page=334}}</ref> The company signed acts such as [[Galliano (band)|Galliano]], [[Young Disciples]] and [[Urban Species]].<ref name=Bush2001/> Another British record label, [[Fourth And Broadway Records]], was formed in 1990 and began a compilation series with the title "The Rebirth of Cool". Artists included [[Pharoah Sanders]], [[Stereo MCs]], the French rapper [[MC Solaar]], Japanese production team [[United Future Organization]] and saxophonist [[Courtney Pine]].<ref name=Bush2001/>


In 1991 the genre broke into the mainstream with the success of [[Brand New Heavies]]. After one [[Brand New Heavies (album)|eponymous album]] (1990) with Acid Jazz Records the group moved on to [[FFRR Records]] for their hit singles "[[Never Stop (Brand New Heavies song)|Never Stop]]" and "Dreams Come True".<ref name=Bush2001/> Other bands included [[Incognito (band)|Incognito]] and [[Us3]], whose "[[Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)]]" (1993) was the biggest hit in the genre.<ref name=Martin&Waters2011p362/> Also highly successful were [[Jamiroquai]], who, having been an early signing for Acid Jazz Records, signed for [[Sony Music]] for their highly successful album ''[[Travelling Without Moving]]'' (1996), which spawned the international hit single "[[Virtual Insanity]]".<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Other live acts included [[Stereo MC's]] and the [[James Taylor Quartet]].<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> The initial mainstream success of Acid Jazz was followed by a large number of compilations that left the public confused as to the nature of and key performers in the genre.<ref name=Bush2001/>
In 1991 the genre broke into the mainstream with the success of [[Brand New Heavies]]. After one [[Brand New Heavies (album)|eponymous album]] (1990) with Acid Jazz Records the group moved on to [[FFRR Records]] for their hit singles "[[Never Stop (Brand New Heavies song)|Never Stop]]" and "Dreams Come True".<ref name=Bush2001/> Other bands included [[Incognito (band)|Incognito]] and [[Us3]], whose "[[Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)]]" (1993) was the biggest hit in the genre.<ref name=Martin&Waters2011p362/> Also highly successful were [[Jamiroquai]], who, having been an early signing for Acid Jazz Records, signed for [[Sony Music]] for their highly successful album ''[[Travelling Without Moving]]'' (1996), which spawned the international hit single "[[Virtual Insanity]]".<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Other live acts included [[Stereo MC's]] and the [[James Taylor Quartet]].<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> The initial mainstream success of acid jazz was followed by a large number of compilations that left the public confused as to the nature of and key performers in the genre.<ref name=Bush2001/>


===US scene===
===US scene===
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In the early 1990s local acid jazz scenes developed in the US.<ref name=Bush2001/> It reached New York in 1990 when British promoter Maurice Bernstein, and his South African partner, Jonathan Rudnick opened Groove Academy as a party at the [[Giant Step]] club in the basement of the Metropolis Café in [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]]. From this Groove Academy developed into a record label and media company.<ref>Mervyn Cooke and David Horn, eds, ''[[Cambridge Companions to Music|The Cambridge Companion to Jazz]]'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), {{ISBN|0-521-66388-1}}, p. 237.</ref> Other acid jazz recording artists in New York were [[Brooklyn Funk Essentials]] (Doublemoon), [[DJ Smash]] ([[Eightball Records]]), and Jerome Van Rossum ([[Irma Records]]). In San Francisco there was [[Ubiquity Records]] and in Los Angeles Solsonics.<ref name=Bush2001/>
In the early 1990s local acid jazz scenes developed in the US.<ref name=Bush2001/> It reached New York in 1990 when British promoter Maurice Bernstein, and his South African partner, Jonathan Rudnick opened Groove Academy as a party at the [[Giant Step]] club in the basement of the Metropolis Café in [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]]. From this Groove Academy developed into a record label and media company.<ref>Mervyn Cooke and David Horn, eds, ''[[Cambridge Companions to Music|The Cambridge Companion to Jazz]]'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), {{ISBN|0-521-66388-1}}, p. 237.</ref> Other acid jazz recording artists in New York were [[Brooklyn Funk Essentials]] (Doublemoon), [[DJ Smash]] ([[Eightball Records]]), and Jerome Van Rossum ([[Irma Records]]). In San Francisco there was [[Ubiquity Records]] and in Los Angeles Solsonics.<ref name=Bush2001/>


Notable Acid Jazz groups that emerged from this scene included [[A Tribe Called Quest]], who borrowed from a variety of Jazz sources for their Platinum-selling ''[[The Low End Theory]]'' (1991),<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> [[Buckshot LeFonque]], a project of [[Branford Marsalis]], and [[Digable Planets]], who were awarded a [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] for their 1993 single "[[Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)]]".<ref name=Martin&Waters2011p362>H. Martin and K. Waters, ''Jazz: The First 100 Years'' (Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2011), {{ISBN|1-133-16927-9}}, p. 362.</ref> Formed in New York in 1990, [[Groove Collective]] produced their self-titled debut in 1993 and have continued to be influential into the twenty-first century.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> The rapper [[Guru (rapper)|Guru]] released a series of collaborative albums with major figures in Jazz as the [[Jazzmatazz]] series.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> From Chicago, [[Liquid Soul]] achieved a national profile from 1996 when their self-titled debut LP was re-released on the [[Ark21]] label.<ref>J. Ankeny, [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/liquid-soul-mn0000293825/biography ''Liquid Soul: biography''], ''Allmusic'', retrieved 9 January 2013.</ref>
Notable acid jazz groups that emerged from this scene included [[A Tribe Called Quest]], who borrowed from a variety of jazz sources for their Platinum-selling ''[[The Low End Theory]]'' (1991),<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> [[Buckshot LeFonque]], a project of [[Branford Marsalis]], and [[Digable Planets]], who were awarded a [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] for their 1993 single "[[Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)]]".<ref name=Martin&Waters2011p362>H. Martin and K. Waters, ''Jazz: The First 100 Years'' (Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2011), {{ISBN|1-133-16927-9}}, p. 362.</ref> Formed in New York in 1990, [[Groove Collective]] produced their self-titled debut in 1993 and have continued to be influential into the twenty-first century.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> The rapper [[Guru (rapper)|Guru]] released a series of collaborative albums with major figures in jazz as the [[Jazzmatazz]] series.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> From Chicago, [[Liquid Soul]] achieved a national profile from 1996 when their self-titled debut LP was re-released on the [[Ark21]] label.<ref>J. Ankeny, [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/liquid-soul-mn0000293825/biography ''Liquid Soul: biography''], ''Allmusic'', retrieved 9 January 2013.</ref>


===International scene===
===International scene===
Acid Jazz soon gained an international following, including in Japan, Germany, Brazil and Eastern Europe.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4>Ted Gioia, ''The History of Jazz'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edn., 2011), {{ISBN|0-19-983187-4}}, pp.&nbsp;333–4.</ref> From Japan, United Future Organization gained an international reputation, signing an American record deal in 1994.<ref name=Ankeney2001p536>J. Ankeny, "United Future Organization", in V. Bogdanov, ed., ''All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music'' (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), {{ISBN|0-87930-628-9}}, p. 536.</ref> Other notable artists from Japan included [[Mondo Grosso]],<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> and [[Gota Yashiki|Gota]].<ref name="Erlewine">{{cite web |url={{Allmusic |class=artist |id=p81272/biography |pure_url=yes}} |title=Biography: Gota |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=23 July 2010}}</ref> From Eastern Europe came bands such as [[Skalpel]] from Poland.<ref>C. Larkin, ''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Volume 7'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 2006), {{ISBN|0-19-531373-9}}, p. 503.</ref>
Acid jazz soon gained an international following, including in Japan, Germany, Brazil and Eastern Europe.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4>Ted Gioia, ''The History of Jazz'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edn., 2011), {{ISBN|0-19-983187-4}}, pp.&nbsp;333–4.</ref> From Japan, United Future Organization gained an international reputation, signing an American record deal in 1994.<ref name=Ankeney2001p536>J. Ankeny, "United Future Organization", in V. Bogdanov, ed., ''All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music'' (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), {{ISBN|0-87930-628-9}}, p. 536.</ref> Other notable artists from Japan included [[Mondo Grosso]],<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> and [[Gota Yashiki|Gota]].<ref name="Erlewine">{{cite web |url={{Allmusic |class=artist |id=p81272/biography |pure_url=yes}} |title=Biography: Gota |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=23 July 2010}}</ref> From Eastern Europe came bands such as [[Skalpel]] from Poland.<ref>C. Larkin, ''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Volume 7'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 2006), {{ISBN|0-19-531373-9}}, p. 503.</ref>


===Decline and influence===
===Decline and influence===
The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest in Acid Jazz among the record buying public, although the genre continued to have a reduced worldwide following.<ref name=Bush2001/> In the twenty-first century the movement became so intertwined with other forms that it became indistinct as a genre and many acts that might have been defined as Acid Jazz are now seen as Jazz Funk, [[Neo Soul]] or [[Jazz Rap]].<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/>
The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest in acid jazz among the record buying public, although the genre continued to have a reduced worldwide following.<ref name=Bush2001/> In the twenty-first century the movement became so intertwined with other forms that it became indistinct as a genre and many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz funk, [[neo soul]] or [[jazz rap]].<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/>


''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine stated "Acid Jazz was the most significant Jazz form to emerge out of the British music scene".<ref name="Music">{{cite book| first= Paul| last= Du Noyer| year= 2003| title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music| edition= 1st| publisher= Flame Tree Publishing| location= Fulham, London| isbn= 1-904041-96-5| page= 144}}</ref> One major legacy of the genre was on the [[jam band]] movement, with Acid Jazz proving a suitable medium for extended improvisation for acts such as [[Medeski, Martin and Wood]].<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/>
''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine stated "Acid jazz was the most significant jazz form to emerge out of the British music scene".<ref name="Music">{{cite book| first= Paul| last= Du Noyer| year= 2003| title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music| edition= 1st| publisher= Flame Tree Publishing| location= Fulham, London| isbn= 1-904041-96-5| page= 144}}</ref> One major legacy of the genre was on the [[jam band]] movement, with acid jazz proving a suitable medium for extended improvisation for acts such as [[Medeski, Martin and Wood]].<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/>


==Key artists==
==Key artists==
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==See also==
==See also==
{{Wikipedia books|Acid Jazz}}
{{Wikipedia books|Acid jazz}}
{{Portal|Music|Jazz}}
{{Portal|Music|Jazz}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.chrishunt.biz/features27.html 'What Is Acid Jazz?' feature, 1988] by [[Chris Hunt]]
* [http://www.chrishunt.biz/features27.html 'What Is Acid Jazz?' feature, 1988] by [[Chris Hunt]]
* [http://www.threeriversonline.com/ The Acid Jazz Channel (over 2000 Jazz and Acid Jazz videos that play continuously.)]
* [http://www.threeriversonline.com/ The Acid Jazz Channel (over 2000 jazz and acid jazz videos that play continuously.)]


{{jazzfooter}}
{{jazzfooter}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Acid Jazz}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Acid Jazz}}
[[Category:Acid Jazz| ]]
[[Category:Acid jazz| ]]
[[Category:Jazz genres]]
[[Category:Jazz genres]]
[[Category:Funk genres]]
[[Category:Funk genres]]
[[Category:Electronic Dance Music genres]]
[[Category:Electronic dance music genres]]
[[Category:Psychedelic music]]
[[Category:Psychedelic music]]

Revision as of 08:55, 10 February 2018

This article is about a music genre. For the record label, see Acid Jazz Records. For the wrestler, see Da Soul Touchaz.
Acid jazz
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid-1980s, London, United Kingdom
Typical instruments
Derivative forms

(complete list)

Acid jazz, also known as club jazz, is a musical genre that combines elements of jazz, soul, funk, and disco.[1] Acid jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s in the rare groove movement and spread to the US, Japan, Eastern Europe, and Brazil. Major acts included Brand New Heavies, Incognito, Us3, and Jamiroquai from the UK and Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the US. The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz-funk, neo soul, or jazz rap.

Name and characteristics

The genre got its name in 1987 from Gilles Peterson, a disc jockey in London.[2][3] The name is a play on the acid house genre, which was popular in UK clubs in the 1980s.[4]

English disc jockey Gilles Peterson invented the term "acid jazz".

Acid jazz consisted of two related movements. The first was based on records released by DJs and producers that included rare jazz tracks, particularly from the 1960s and 1970s, often mixing them with percussion tracks and electronic dance beats.[5] The second were groups influenced by these recordings and who emphasised a groove-based approach to music.[4] Acid jazz uses elements of jazz, funk and hip-hop. Because of its existence as a percussion-heavy, primarily live music, it was closer to jazz than any other dance style, but its focus on maintaining a groove allied it with funk, hip-hop, and dance music.[6] The style is characterized by danceable grooves and long, repetitive compositions. Typical ensembles include horns, a full rhythm section (often with a drum set and additional percussion), a vocalist that may sing and rap and often a DJ.[7]

History

Origins in the United Kingdom

Acid jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s, with DJs of the rare groove movement, who played obscure jazz records. Their main interests were in the fringe of jazz fusion, jazz funk, and with lesser input from soul jazz of the 1950s and 1960s. Particularly significant were records from the Blue Note catalogue.[3]

Brand New Heavies shown in 2013

These DJs included Gilles Peterson, who had residencies at several London clubs in the 1980s, began in his own small pirate radio station and then moved to the much larger Kiss-FM. In 1988 with producer Eddie Piller he formed the label Acid Jazz Records. The first release from the company was the compilation Totally Wired, which contained obscure jazz funk tracks from the 1970s with updated new tracks.[3] In 1990 Peterson left to found his own label Talkin' Loud at Phonogram.[8] The company signed acts such as Galliano, Young Disciples and Urban Species.[3] Another British record label, Fourth And Broadway Records, was formed in 1990 and began a compilation series with the title "The Rebirth of Cool". Artists included Pharoah Sanders, Stereo MCs, the French rapper MC Solaar, Japanese production team United Future Organization and saxophonist Courtney Pine.[3]

In 1991 the genre broke into the mainstream with the success of Brand New Heavies. After one eponymous album (1990) with Acid Jazz Records the group moved on to FFRR Records for their hit singles "Never Stop" and "Dreams Come True".[3] Other bands included Incognito and Us3, whose "Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)" (1993) was the biggest hit in the genre.[9] Also highly successful were Jamiroquai, who, having been an early signing for Acid Jazz Records, signed for Sony Music for their highly successful album Travelling Without Moving (1996), which spawned the international hit single "Virtual Insanity".[4] Other live acts included Stereo MC's and the James Taylor Quartet.[6] The initial mainstream success of acid jazz was followed by a large number of compilations that left the public confused as to the nature of and key performers in the genre.[3]

US scene

Guru, who recorded several albums with jazz greats such as Jazzmatazz

In the early 1990s local acid jazz scenes developed in the US.[3] It reached New York in 1990 when British promoter Maurice Bernstein, and his South African partner, Jonathan Rudnick opened Groove Academy as a party at the Giant Step club in the basement of the Metropolis Café in Union Square. From this Groove Academy developed into a record label and media company.[10] Other acid jazz recording artists in New York were Brooklyn Funk Essentials (Doublemoon), DJ Smash (Eightball Records), and Jerome Van Rossum (Irma Records). In San Francisco there was Ubiquity Records and in Los Angeles Solsonics.[3]

Notable acid jazz groups that emerged from this scene included A Tribe Called Quest, who borrowed from a variety of jazz sources for their Platinum-selling The Low End Theory (1991),[5] Buckshot LeFonque, a project of Branford Marsalis, and Digable Planets, who were awarded a Grammy for their 1993 single "Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)".[9] Formed in New York in 1990, Groove Collective produced their self-titled debut in 1993 and have continued to be influential into the twenty-first century.[4] The rapper Guru released a series of collaborative albums with major figures in jazz as the Jazzmatazz series.[5] From Chicago, Liquid Soul achieved a national profile from 1996 when their self-titled debut LP was re-released on the Ark21 label.[11]

International scene

Acid jazz soon gained an international following, including in Japan, Germany, Brazil and Eastern Europe.[5] From Japan, United Future Organization gained an international reputation, signing an American record deal in 1994.[12] Other notable artists from Japan included Mondo Grosso,[6] and Gota.[13] From Eastern Europe came bands such as Skalpel from Poland.[14]

Decline and influence

The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest in acid jazz among the record buying public, although the genre continued to have a reduced worldwide following.[3] In the twenty-first century the movement became so intertwined with other forms that it became indistinct as a genre and many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz funk, neo soul or jazz rap.[4]

Q magazine stated "Acid jazz was the most significant jazz form to emerge out of the British music scene".[15] One major legacy of the genre was on the jam band movement, with acid jazz proving a suitable medium for extended improvisation for acts such as Medeski, Martin and Wood.[4]

Key artists

4

Other notable artists

4

See also

Template:Wikipedia books

References

  1. ^ Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin Books. p. 2. ISBN 0-141-00646-3.
  2. ^ Adams, Simon (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz (2 ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-56159-284-5.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j J. Bush, "Acid Jazz", in V. Bogdanov, ed., All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), ISBN 0-87930-628-9, pp. 647–9.
  4. ^ a b c d e f E. G. Price, T. L. Kernodle and H. J. Maxile, eds, Encyclopedia of African American Music, Volume 3 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2011), ISBN 0-313-34199-0, pp. 479–82.
  5. ^ a b c d Ted Gioia, The History of Jazz (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edn., 2011), ISBN 0-19-983187-4, pp. 333–4.
  6. ^ a b c "Acid Jazz", Allmusic, retrieved 6 January 2014.
  7. ^ Mick Berry and Jason Gianni, The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco (See Sharp Press, 2004), ISBN 1-884365-32-9, p. 68.
  8. ^ Larkin, Colin (1998). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music. Virgin Books. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-7535-0252-5. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  9. ^ a b H. Martin and K. Waters, Jazz: The First 100 Years (Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2011), ISBN 1-133-16927-9, p. 362.
  10. ^ Mervyn Cooke and David Horn, eds, The Cambridge Companion to Jazz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), ISBN 0-521-66388-1, p. 237.
  11. ^ J. Ankeny, Liquid Soul: biography, Allmusic, retrieved 9 January 2013.
  12. ^ J. Ankeny, "United Future Organization", in V. Bogdanov, ed., All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), ISBN 0-87930-628-9, p. 536.
  13. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Biography: Gota". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
  14. ^ C. Larkin, The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Volume 7 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 2006), ISBN 0-19-531373-9, p. 503.
  15. ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  16. ^ Michael Endelman (March 28, 2000). "*** Luke Vibert and BJ Cole STOP THE PANIC (Astralwerks)". Online Magazine (music review). Boston Phoenix. fifth paragraph from top. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
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