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==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Syria|Syrian Civil War|ISIL|Terrorism}}
{{Portal|Syria|Syrian Civil War|Terrorism}}
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{{colbegin}}
* [[Sinjar massacre]]
* [[Sinjar massacre]]

Revision as of 12:16, 15 April 2018

See also: Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)
Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)
Part of the Syrian Civil War,
Syrian Kurdish–Islamist conflict (2013–present),
and the American-led intervention in Syria
Date17 March – 27 April 2015
(1 month, 1 week and 3 days)
Location
Sarrin, Ayn al-Arab District, Syria
36°35′15″N 38°17′59″E / 36.5875°N 38.299722°E / 36.5875; 38.299722
Result

Indecisive

  • An ISIL counterattack repels the initial YPG-led offensive on 28 March 2015[2][failed verification]
  • YPG-led forces enter Sarrin on 25 April 2015, but are stalled[3]
  • YPG-led forces launch a new offensive on Sarrin in June 2015[4]
Belligerents

 Syrian Kurdistan

Free Syrian Army Supported by:
CJTF–OIR

Kurdistan Region Peshmerga
(Until 29 April 2015)[1]		 Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Commanders and leaders

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Salih Muslim Muhammad[5]

United States Barack Obama
Kurdistan Region Masoud Barzani
(Until 29 April)[1]		 Abu Suleiman al-Naser (ISIL Military Chief)[6]
Abu Ali al-Anbari
(Deputy, Syria)
Abu Omar al-Shishani
(Field commander)[2][7]
Units involved

Euphrates Volcano

Kurdistan Region Peshmerga[11][12]

United States 9th Bomb Squadron[13]

ISIL Armed Forces

Strength
Unknown 300–410+ fighters[14][15]
Casualties and losses
Unknown 24+ militants killed[16]
Sarrin is located in Syria
Sarrin
Sarrin
class=notpageimage|
Location within Syria

The Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015) refers to a military operation during 2015 in the northeastern Aleppo Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War, conducted by Kurdish YPG and allied forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in the town of Sarrin, in an effort to capture the town and the surrounding region.

Background

Main article: Siege of Kobanî

In early March 2014, ISIL surrounded the Kobanî Canton and launched an offensive on its southern villages, capturing the town of Sarrin.

On 2 July 2014, the city of Kobanî and its border villages came under attack from fighters of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[17] However, ISIL forces were largely repelled from the remainder of the Kobanî Canton.

On 13 September 2014, ISIL launched a massive offensive to take the Kobanî Canton and the city of Kobanî, with at least 4,000 fighters,[18] During the advance, ISIL forces captured the villages of Robey and Tall Ghazal, and the nearby grain silos.[19] pushing into the villages at the western and eastern borders of the Canton.[20] On 17 September 2014, following the capture of a strategic bridge over the Euphrates on 16 September,[21] In response to the growing crisis, the US-led Coalition began conducting airstrikes in and around Kobanî on 26 September, continuing for five days, until 2 October, during which the US performed no strikes on that day,[22] before reportedly carried out further strikes late on 3 October.[23]

By early October 2014, most of the Kobanî Canton had fallen under ISIL control, with the city of Kobanî itself besieged, causing at least 90% of the Kurdish inhabitants in the region to flee to Turkey. By mid-October 2014, at least 9,000 militants had been dispatched to capture Kobanî,[24] and at least 400,000 Kurdish civilians had fled to Turkey.[25] In late October 2014, Turkey allowed some Free Syrian Army and Peshmerga reinforcements to cross over into Kobanî, allowing the Kurdish defenders to counter the ISIL advance. By mid-November 2014, the YPG and other defenders had managed to make some reversals in Kobanî city.

On 19 January 2015, the YPG-led forces captured the strategic Mistanour Hill to the southeast of Kobanî city, allowing the Kurdish forces to turn the tide of the battle.[26] During the next week, the YPG-led forces gradually advanced, before fully expelling ISIL from Kobanî city on 27 January 2015.[27] ISIL admitted defeat in the city three days later, but vowed to return.[28] At that time, ISIL redeployed much of its initial invasion force to other "more important fronts".[29]

After retaking Kobanî city, the YPG and FSA launched an offensive to retake the rest of the Kobanî Canton.[30] Consequently, ISIL dispatched reinforcements to the region, to prevent the Kurdish-led forces from reaching the ISIL-held territory in the northern Aleppo Governorate,[31] and to prevent them from reaching the ISIL capital of Raqqa.[32]

On 10 February 2015, the YPG built on their recent gains and launched an assault on Sarrin from the northwest.[33] Despite being stalled for nearly 2 weeks, the Kurdish forces nearly reached the western outskirts of the town of Sarrin in late February 2015.[34] However, on 27 February, an ISIL counter-attack drove the YPG away from Sarrin, back to Qara Qozak, just beyond the M5 Highway.[35] Despite this setback, YPG-led forces slowly continued advancing in other parts of the canton, capturing Qara Qozak on 15 March,[36] recapturing most of the territory lost to ISIL during their September 2014 offensive, with the exception of three villages in the southern part of the Canton near Jill, and a few dozen villages captured by ISIL in the eastern Kobanî Canton and the northwestern Raqqa Governorate.[37]

The assault

The situation after the end of ISIL's siege of the Kobanî Canton, on 29 April 2015. Most of ISIL's advances since September 2014 had been reversed, and YPG-led forces were battling for control of Sarrin.
  Controlled by Kurdish forces
  Controlled by the Syrian opposition
  Controlled by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Initial advance and ISIL counterattack

Between 17 and 19 March, the YPG seized a hill overlooking Sarrin, the last remaining ISIL stronghold in the southern part of the Kobanî Canton. ISIL gathered reinforcements and massed its forces near Sarrin, to prevent Kurdish and allied forces from reaching the town, while the US-led Coalition conducted numerous airstrikes in the area. The clashes on 18 March resulted in the deaths of at least 27 ISIL militants.[2][failed verification]

On 20 March, the YPG and the allied Euphrates Volcano, backed by Coalition air support, launched an assault towards Sarrin,[38] which led to hit-and-run fighting until 28 March.[2][39]

On 21 March, YPG and FSA forces completely besieged the Sarrin Grain Silo. A total of 71 ISIL militants and 1 FSA fighter were killed during the clashes and Coalition strikes. On the night between 22 and 23 March, ISIL dispatched reinforcements to Sarrin, across the Tishrin Dam, which the Coalition did not target, due to the risks that destroying the dam would pose to those living downstream.[2][failed verification]

On 25 March, ISIL forces attacked the village of Qara Qozak by boat, but the attack was repelled by the YPG and airstrikes struck the gathered ISIL forces on the other side of the river. The clashes left at least 71 ISIL militants and 4 YPG fighters dead.[2][failed verification] Two days later, fighting in the southern villages of Sebti and Khani left three ISIL militants dead.[39]

On 28 March, ISIL launched a counter-attack and managed to break through the Kurd's M4 highway defensive line and reach ISIL fighters at the Grain Silos, and at the Lafarge Cement Plant, near the southeastern boundary of the Kobanî Canton, where the militants had been besieged for almost two weeks. On the next day, YPG fighters began shelling ISIL positions in Sarrin.[2][failed verification]

In early April, ISIL continued forcing Kurdish forces back from the outskirts of Sarrin, to the north and the northwest towards Qara Qozak. Still, the YPG continued to hold the higher ground in the area.[2] Eventually, the ISIL advance cut the M4 highway between Dar Al-Kharab and Mitras and allowed the jihadists to reinforce their positions at the Sarrin Grain Silos. By 9 April, ISIL forces, after receiving more reinforcements, broke across the M4 highway near Mitras and the Grain Silos, and at Nur Ali and Hamdoun, to the east.[2][failed verification]

Besieging Sarrin

In mid-April, a YPG counter-offensive, aided by US-led Coalition airstrikes, allowed the YPG-led forces to advance towards Sarrin again. On 13 April 2015, the YPG massed reinforcements to take over the Sarrin Grain Silos, retaking the village of Manifa Avi in the process.[2][failed verification]

On 19 April, YPG forces captured the village of Ras al Ayn, allowing the Kurds to sever ISIL's supply line to Sarrin from the east, and effectively besieging the town from both the east and the west.[40] The clashes resulted in the deaths of at least 10 ISIL militants. Also, YPG-led forces began attacking the last ISIL supply route to Sarrin, which lay south of the town.[41] On 21 April, YPG and allied forces had retaken the territory lost to ISIL up to the M4 Highway, capturing the Sarrin Grain Silos, Septe, and the other neighboring villages, allowing YPG forces to resume their southward advance towards Sarrin.[42][43] However, on the next day, it was reported that the Sarrin Grain Silos was still held by around 50 ISIL militants,[2] but that a “near total” siege had been imposed on them.[44]

Push into Sarrin and offensive stalls

On 25 April,[3] Kurdish forces and their allies surrounded the town on three sides and started to push into the northern, western, and eastern suburbs,[2][45] after breaching ISIL's defense line. The YPG claimed that ISIL forces had retreated into the urban areas of the town.[3] According to at least one source, YPG and FSA forces managed to enter the northern part of Sarrin.[46] As of 27 April, ISIL forces in Sarrin continued receiving more reinforcements from the south, which caused the YPG-led offensive in Sarrin to stall at that point.[2] Meanwhile, recurring ISIL attacks to the north on the village of Mitras, which started early on 22 April, were repelled, while up to 50 ISIL fighters were still holding out at the Grain Silos.[2][failed verification]

Aftermath

Main article: Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)

Early on 29 April 2015, the last 124 Peshmerga fighters stationed in Kobanî returned to Iraqi Kurdistan, as the city had been secured. Iraqi Kurdistan also stated that no more troops would be sent to Kobanî.[1]

On 9 May 2015, it was reported by local sources that ISIL commander Abu Omar al-Shishani was personally leading the ISIL ground forces in Sarrin.[2][7] By 11 May, after several more days of repeated breakout attempts from Khirbat al-Burj and the Sarrin Grain Silos, it was reported that the number of remaining ISIL militants in those two YPG-besieged pockets had dwindled significantly.[2][failed verification]

In mid-May 2015, it was revealed that the YPG sieges of the Sarrin Grain Silos and Khirbat al-Burj were not completely secure, as ISIL was infiltrating fighters and supplies from Sarrin to the two besieged pockets.[2][failed verification]

On 25 May, ISIL launched an assault to the north of Sarrin, breaking through Kurdish lines, capturing the villages of Mitras and Jabiriyah, and temporarily relieving the sieges of the Sarrin Grain Silos and Khirbat al-Burj.[47] ISIL fighters also reduced Kurdish control of Sarrin to the western outskirts of the town.[47] By 31 May, clashes erupted in the area that ISIL had recently captured, as YPG-led fighters attempted to retake the area.[48]

On 5 June, YPG-led fighters recaptured the village of Jabiriyah, to the east of Mitras, while clashes continued in the area stretching from Sarrin to the Sarrin Grain Silos. ISIL also retook the western part of the Sarrin, while YPG-led fighters pushed towards the eastern outskirts of the town.[49]

On 18 June 2015, it was reported that the FSA and YPG had launched a new offensive on the town of Sarrin.[4] The goal of taking Sarrin became more crucial after the Kobanî massacre at the end of June.[50] On 1 July, YPG-led forces had re-established the sieges of the Sarrin Grain Silos and Khirbat al-Burj,[50] and fully besieged Sarrin itself by 4 July.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Peshmerga forces leave Kobani, having secured the town". Bugun.com.tr. Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "SYRIA and IRAQ NEWS". Peter Clifford Online. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c YPG/FSA Joint Forces Have Breached ISIL Defensive Line North of Sarrin, Combat in City Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b "Sarrin: YPG/J and FSA forces launch new offensive against IS". Imgur.
  5. ^ Paula Astih (November 7, 2014). "Kurdish PYD leaders says Peshmerga "effective" in Kobani fight". Asharq al-Awsat.
  6. ^ Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  7. ^ a b ISIL Attempts Breakout Operation from Grain Silos Complex. Cross River Fire
  8. ^ "The Dawn of Freedom Brigades: Analysis and Interview". Syria Comment. 2 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  9. ^ "FSA fighting alongside Kobani Kurds". NOW. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  10. ^ "The Factions of Kobani (Ayn al-Arab)". Syria Comment. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  11. ^ "Syria Kurd Fighters Say U.S. Arms Drop Will 'Help Greatly'". Naharnet. 20 October 2014.
  12. ^ "Iraqi Kurds say they sent arms to Kobani; Syrian Kurds say they didn't arrive". The Daily Star. 14 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  13. ^ Barnes, Julian E. (February 18, 2015). "B-1 Pilots Describe Bombing Campaign Against ISIS in Kobani". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  14. ^ "Sarrin Tacmap". twitter.com.
  15. ^ Daesh Reinforcements Have Arrived At Sarrin. Kurds Continue To Hold.
  16. ^ "Thirty-seven ISIS militants killed, 100 trapped by Kurdish forces south of Kobane". ARA News.
  17. ^ "What's happening in Kobane?". Kurdish Question. 6 July 2014. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Slemani Times 1". Twitter. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  19. ^ "Syria Daily: US Missiles Hit Insurgents, Kill Civilians, Upset the Opposition". EA WorldView. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  20. ^ "Syria Kobane IS Offensive (13 Sept 2014 – 26 Jan 2015)". Agathocle de Syracuse. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  21. ^ "Thousands of Syrian Kurds Flee Islamic State Fighters Into Turkey". Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  22. ^ "Syrian Kurds plea for help defending Kobani from Isis advance". The Guardian. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  23. ^ "US raids enter battle at key Syria-Turkey border town Kobane". AFP. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  24. ^ "Slaughter Is Feared as ISIS Nears Turkish Border". New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  25. ^ "Most US Airstrikes in Syria Target a City That's Not a "Strategic Objective" - Mother Jones". Mother Jones. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  26. ^ Master. "After 3 months of losing control on it, YPG takes full control on Mashta Nour hill". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "U.S. general says Syrian town of Kobani taken from Islamic State". Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  28. ^ "ISIS admits Kobani defeat after U.S.-led airstrike campaign in Syria". CTV News. Associated Press. January 31, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015. Members of the Islamic State group have acknowledged for the first time that they were defeated in the Syrian town of Kobani.
  29. ^ Barnard, Anne; Shoumali, Karam (26 January 2015). "Kurd Militia Says ISIS Is Expelled From Kobani". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  30. ^ "Kobane Under Intense ISIS Attack, Excluded from UN Humanitarian Aid". Rudaw. 17 July 2014.
  31. ^ "Syria Kurds seize third of villages around Kobani from ISIS". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  32. ^ "YPG and rebel battalions reach to the outskirts of Jarablos, and retake about 300 villages in al- Raqqa and Aleppo". SOHR. 1 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 March 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ Kobani Canton Situation Map: 10 February 2015
  34. ^ Kobani Conflict Map: 24 February 2015
  35. ^ Kobani Situation: 27 February 2015
  36. ^ "Islamic State bombs ancient bridge, prevents Kurdish advancement to Raqqa". ARA News. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  37. ^ Kobani Canton Map: 15 March 2015
  38. ^ "Kurdish forces storm last stronghold of ISIS in Kobane's countryside - ARA News". ARA News. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  39. ^ a b "Kurds combat ISIS in Serrin town north Syria". ARA News. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  40. ^ YPG Capture of Ras al Ayn Severs ISIL Supply Lines to Sarrin
  41. ^ Kobani Canton: 20 April 2015 Archived 13 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ "@deSyracuse Syria civil war (21 April 2015) - uMap". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  43. ^ Kobani Canton Situation Map: 21 April 2015
  44. ^ "Syria Direct: News Update 4-22-15". Syria Direct. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  45. ^ Battle of Sarrin: 26 April 2015 Archived 18 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  46. ^ Sarrin Battle Map: 26 April 2015
  47. ^ a b Kobani Canton conflict map: 25 May 2015 Archived 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  48. ^ Kobani Canton conflict map: 31 May 2015 Archived 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Kobani Canton conflict map: 5 June 2015 Archived 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ a b "July 1: Major Military Campaign Launched Against Daesh (ISIS) Terrorists in Southern Kobani". ypgrojava.com.
  51. ^ Sarrin Urban Area Now Surrounded By Joint Forces. Daesh Line of Retreat Cut.
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