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The '''Golden State Killer''' is a 2013 [[wikt:moniker#Noun|moniker]] coined for a [[serial killer]], [[serial rapist]], and serial [[burglary|burglar]] who committed at least 12 murders, more than 50 [[rape]]s, and over 100 burglaries in [[California]] from 1974 through 1986.<ref name="Footsteps">{{cite web |url = http://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/in-the-footsteps-of-a-killer/ |title = In the Footsteps of a Killer |last1 = McNamara |first1 = Michelle |date = February 27, 2013 |website = Los Angeles |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171020222155/http://www.lamag.com/longform/in-the-footsteps-of-a-killer/ |archive-date = October 20, 2017 |dead-url = yes |access-date = October 7, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1 = Lange |first1 = Jeva |title = Michelle McNamara's tantalizing roadmap for finding a long lost serial killer |url = http://theweek.com/articles/761206/michelle-mcnamaras-tantalizing-roadmap-finding-long-lost-serial-killer |accessdate = April 29, 2018 |work = [[The Week]] |date = March 19, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="DNA">{{cite news |url = http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.php |title = DNA Links '70s 'East Area Rapist' to Serial Killings / Evidence suggests suspect moved to Southern California |last1 = Hallissy |first1 = Erin |date = April 4, 2001 |work = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date = November 13, 2016 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171020222043/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.php |archive-date = October 20, 2017 |dead-url = yes |last2 = Goodyear |first2 = Charlie |df = mdy-all }}</ref> He committed crimes throughout the state and acquired various monikers in different regions before it was known that they were the same person. Known in the [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento area]] as the '''East Area Rapist''', he later moved to Southern California and became the '''Original Night Stalker'''. He is suspected to have begun as the '''Visalia Ransacker''' before moving to the Sacramento area based on similar ''[[modus operandi]]'' (MO) and circumstantial evidence, although there is currently no known direct link.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url = http://abc30.com/tulare-da-awaits-reports-connecting-golden-state-killer-to-visalia-ransacker/3400779/ |title = Tulare DA awaits reports connecting 'Golden State Killer' to 'Visalia Ransacker' |last = Johnson |first = Brian |date = April 27, 2018 |work = ABC30 Fresno |access-date = May 1, 2018 |language = en-US }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url = http://abc30.com/visalia-detective-came-face-to-face-with-serial-killer-in-1975/3393359/ |title = Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia |date = April 26, 2018 |work = ABC30 Fresno |access-date = May 3, 2018 |language = en-US }}</ref> He is also less frequently called the '''Diamond Knot Killer''' based on the [[diamond knot|knot]] he would tie while binding some of his victims.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|441}}<ref name=HAP />
The '''Golden State Killer''' is the moniker of a [[serial killer]], [[serial rapist]], and serial [[burglary|burglar]] who committed at least 12 murders, more than 50 [[rape]]s, and over 100 burglaries in [[California]] from 1974 to 1986.<ref name="Footsteps">{{cite web |url = http://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/in-the-footsteps-of-a-killer/ |title = In the Footsteps of a Killer |last1 = McNamara |first1 = Michelle |date = February 27, 2013 |website = Los Angeles |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171020222155/http://www.lamag.com/longform/in-the-footsteps-of-a-killer/ |archive-date = October 20, 2017 |dead-url = yes |access-date = October 7, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1 = Lange |first1 = Jeva |title = Michelle McNamara's tantalizing roadmap for finding a long lost serial killer |url = http://theweek.com/articles/761206/michelle-mcnamaras-tantalizing-roadmap-finding-long-lost-serial-killer |accessdate = April 29, 2018 |work = [[The Week]] |date = March 19, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="DNA">{{cite news |url = http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.php |title = DNA Links '70s 'East Area Rapist' to Serial Killings / Evidence suggests suspect moved to Southern California |last1 = Hallissy |first1 = Erin |date = April 4, 2001 |work = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date = November 13, 2016 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171020222043/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.php |archive-date = October 20, 2017 |dead-url = yes |last2 = Goodyear |first2 = Charlie |df = mdy-all }}</ref> His crimes throughout the state acquired several different monikers before it became known that all were committed by the same person. Known in the [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento area]] as the '''East Area Rapist''', he later moved to Southern California and was known there as the '''Original Night Stalker'''. He is suspected to have begun as a prolific burglar, the '''Visalia Ransacker''', before moving to the Sacramento area; this suspicion is based on a similar ''[[modus operandi]]'' (MO) and circumstantial evidence, although there is currently no known direct link.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url = http://abc30.com/tulare-da-awaits-reports-connecting-golden-state-killer-to-visalia-ransacker/3400779/ |title = Tulare DA awaits reports connecting 'Golden State Killer' to 'Visalia Ransacker' |last = Johnson |first = Brian |date = April 27, 2018 |work = ABC30 Fresno |access-date = May 1, 2018 |language = en-US }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url = http://abc30.com/visalia-detective-came-face-to-face-with-serial-killer-in-1975/3393359/ |title = Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia |date = April 26, 2018 |work = ABC30 Fresno |access-date = May 3, 2018 |language = en-US }}</ref> He is also less frequently called the '''Diamond Knot Killer''' based on the uncommon [[diamond knot|knot]] he would tie while binding some of his victims.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|441}}<ref name=HAP />


Most of the Northern California assaults occurred in the [[Sacramento]] area, but the distinctive ''modus operandi'' of the rapist makes it very likely that the same man was also responsible for attacks in [[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa County]], [[Stockton, California]], and [[Modesto, California]]. In 2001, several of the East Area Rapist crimes in [[Northern California]] were linked by [[DNA]] to the Original Night Stalker murders in [[Southern California]]. Several suspects have been cleared through [[DNA evidence]], [[alibi]], or [[Detective#Techniques|other investigative means and methods]].<ref name="ColdCaseFiles">{{cite episode |title = The Original Night Stalker |series = Cold Case Files |series-link = Cold Case Files |network = [[A&E Networks]] |date = May 28, 2000 |season = 2 |number = 22 }}</ref><ref name="sudden terror">{{cite book |title = Sudden Terror |last = Crompton |first = Larry |date = August 2, 2010 |publisher = [[AuthorHouse]] |isbn = 1-4520-5241-7 }}</ref>
Most of the Northern California assaults occurred in the [[Sacramento]] area, but the distinctive ''modus operandi'' of the rapist makes it very likely that the same man was also responsible for attacks in [[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa County]], [[Stockton, California]], and [[Modesto, California]]. In 2001, several of the East Area Rapist crimes in [[Northern California]] were linked by [[DNA]] to the Original Night Stalker murders in [[Southern California]]. Several suspects have been cleared through [[DNA evidence]], [[alibi]], or [[Detective#Techniques|other investigative means and methods]].<ref name="ColdCaseFiles">{{cite episode |title = The Original Night Stalker |series = Cold Case Files |series-link = Cold Case Files |network = [[A&E Networks]] |date = May 28, 2000 |season = 2 |number = 22 }}</ref><ref name="sudden terror">{{cite book |title = Sudden Terror |last = Crompton |first = Larry |date = August 2, 2010 |publisher = [[AuthorHouse]] |isbn = 1-4520-5241-7 }}</ref>

Revision as of 12:24, 14 May 2018

This article is about a serial killer also known as the Original Night Stalker, who was active from 1976 to 1986. For other night stalkers, see Night Stalker.

Golden State Killer
One of the three primary sketches of the Golden State Killer
Other names
  • East Area Rapist
  • Original Night Stalker
  • Visalia Ransacker
  • East Bay Rapist
  • Dollner Street Prowler
  • Diamond Knot Killer[1]
Height≈5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)
Reward amount
$50,000
Details
Victims
  • 12+ murdered
  • 50+ raped
  • 120+ burglarized
Span of crimes
1974–1986
CountryUnited States
State(s)California

The Golden State Killer is the moniker of a serial killer, serial rapist, and serial burglar who committed at least 12 murders, more than 50 rapes, and over 100 burglaries in California from 1974 to 1986.[2][3][4] His crimes throughout the state acquired several different monikers before it became known that all were committed by the same person. Known in the Sacramento area as the East Area Rapist, he later moved to Southern California and was known there as the Original Night Stalker. He is suspected to have begun as a prolific burglar, the Visalia Ransacker, before moving to the Sacramento area; this suspicion is based on a similar modus operandi (MO) and circumstantial evidence, although there is currently no known direct link.[5][6] He is also less frequently called the Diamond Knot Killer based on the uncommon knot he would tie while binding some of his victims.[7]: 441 [8]

Most of the Northern California assaults occurred in the Sacramento area, but the distinctive modus operandi of the rapist makes it very likely that the same man was also responsible for attacks in Contra Costa County, Stockton, California, and Modesto, California. In 2001, several of the East Area Rapist crimes in Northern California were linked by DNA to the Original Night Stalker murders in Southern California. Several suspects have been cleared through DNA evidence, alibi, or other investigative means and methods.[9][7]

On June 15, 2016, the FBI and local law enforcement agencies held a news conference to announce a nationwide effort and a US$50,000 reward for his capture.[10] On April 25, 2018, authorities announced the arrest of 72-year-old suspect Joseph James DeAngelo Jr., a former police officer, on eight counts of first-degree murder based on DNA evidence.[11][12][13][14][15] However, due to California's statute of limitations on pre-2017 rape-cases,[16] DeAngelo now cannot be charged for such crimes dating from the late 1970s.[17] Law enforcement also announced that separate incidents in Visalia in 1974–1975 that were previously attributed to the Visalia Ransacker are now being connected to the same suspect.[18][19][20][21]

Crimes

Map of Golden State Killer attack locations in California.

DNA evidence conclusively links the Golden State Killer to eight murders in Goleta, Ventura, Dana Point and Irvine, with two other murders in Goleta lacking DNA linked by modus operandi.[22][23] Many investigators also suspect the same killer in three other murders—two in Rancho Cordova and one in Visalia.[7] The offender additionally committed more than 50 known rapes in the California counties of Sacramento, Contra Costa, Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Alameda, Santa Clara and Yolo as well as hundreds of incidents of burglaries, peeping, stalking and prowling.[24]

Visalia Ransacker

Main article: Visalia Ransacker

It has long been suspected that the training ground of the criminal who would later become the Golden State Killer was Visalia, California.[25][26][27][28][29] In a crime spree spanning April 1974-December 1975, the Ransacker is believed to be responsible for one murder and more than 100 burglaries.[30] Most of the Ransacker's activities involved breaking into houses, rifling through or vandalizing the owner's possessions, scattering women's underclothes, and stealing a range of low-value items, while often ignoring banknotes and higher valued items in plain sight.[31]

In late April 2018, the Visalia Chief of Police claimed that they were "confident that the Visalia Ransacker has been captured." However, he also acknowledged that their prime suspect, DeAngelo, had never been a suspect in their investigations, that no DNA evidence exists, and that no other unsolved murders or rapes in the area were being connected.[32] In addition, the statute of limitations has passed for all of the burglaries, and no official link connecting the September 1975 Claude Snelling murder to DeAngelo has yet been made.[5]

East Area Rapist

Three sketches the FBI focused on when it reopened the case in June 2016
Various sketches of the suspect[33][34]

The East Area Rapist is believed to have then moved to the Sacramento area and progressed from burglary to rape in mid-1976. The crimes initially centered on the then-unincorporated areas of Carmichael, Citrus Heights, and Rancho Cordova, all east of Sacramento.[4] His initial modus operandi was to stalk middle class neighborhoods at night looking for women who were alone in single-story homes, usually near a school, creek, trail, or other open space that afforded a quick escape.[35] He was spotted on a number of occasions but sprinted away upon detection. On one occasion, he shot and seriously wounded a youth who had closely pursued him.[7]: 187–188 

Most victims had seen or heard a prowler on their property before the attacks, and many had suffered break-ins. Police believed the offender had a pattern of using extensive reconnaissance on several homes in a targeted neighborhood before selecting one for attack. As part of his extensive surveillance, the offender was known to peep in the windows of future victims and prowl in the yards of homes for several nights prior to attacking. On a few occasions, it is believed that, in the run-up to attacks, the offender entered the homes of future victims to conduct reconnaissance, unlock windows, unload guns, and plant binding ligatures for later use. He would also frequently call them leading up to the attack, sometimes for months in advance, to better understand their daily schedules and routines. In those calls he would sometimes hang up, pretend to have the wrong number, or (in calls placed after the attack) threaten to harm the victims again.[2][36]

Although he originally targeted women either alone in their homes or with children,[9][37] the offender later came to prefer attacking couples instead.[9][38][39] His standard procedure was to break in through a window or a sliding glass door and then awaken the sleeping occupants with a flashlight while threatening them with a handgun.[9] Victims were then bound with ligatures (often shoelaces) that he found or brought with him to the crime scene, followed by blindfolding and/or gagging the victims with towels that he had taken from the residence and ripped into strips. The female victim was usually forced to tie up her male companion first before being tied up next.[40] In many cases, these bindings were made so tightly that the victims had no feeling in their hands for hours after they were untied.[7]: 434  He would then separate the couple, often stacking dishes on the back of the male and stating that if he heard them rattle he would kill everyone in the house. He would then relocate the female to the living room and often rape her repeatedly, sometimes over the course of several hours.[9][40][41]

The offender at times spent hours in the home, ransacking closets and drawers,[42][43] eating food in the kitchen, drinking beer, raping the female again, or returning to utter more threats to the victims. In some instances, the victims believed he had left their home and began to move, but he then "jump[ed] from the darkness".[40] The offender typically stole items as well, often selecting personal objects and items of minimal monetary value, although he occasionally stole cash and firearms also. The offender would eventually leave in a stealthy fashion, and victims were usually unsure whether or not he had left at all. He was believed to escape on foot through a series of yards and then use a bicycle to travel home or to a car. He also made extensive use of parks, schoolyards, creek beds, and other open spaces that allowed him to stay off the street.[7]

East Area Rapist crimes – June 1976 to July 1979

A victim who saw the East Area's Rapist's face described it as young and round with wide eyes and mouth.[8]

The East Area Rapist operated in Sacramento County from the first attacks in June 1976 until May 1977. After a three-month gap, he struck in nearby San Joaquin County in September before returning to Sacramento for all but one of the next ten attacks. The rapist attacked five times during the summer of 1978 in Stanislaus and Yolo counties, before disappearing again for three months. Attacks then moved primarily to Contra Costa County in October and lasted until July 1979, after which the East Area Rapist moved to Southern California and became the Original Night Stalker.

# Date Time Location County
1 Friday, June 18, 1976 4:00 a.m.  Rancho Cordova[44][45][46] Sacramento
2 Saturday, July 17, 1976 2:00 a.m.  Del Dayo Dr., Carmichael[45][46] Sacramento
3 Sunday, August 29, 1976 3:20 a.m.  Rancho Cordova[45][46] Sacramento
4 Saturday, September 4, 1976 11:30 p.m.  Citrus Heights[45][46] Sacramento
5 Tuesday, October 5, 1976 6:45 a.m.  Citrus Heights[47][45][46] Sacramento
6 Saturday, October 9, 1976 4:30 a.m.  Rancho Cordova[45][46] Sacramento
7 Monday, October 18, 1976 2:30 a.m.  Del Dayo Dr., Carmichael[45][46] Sacramento
8 Monday, October 18, 1976 11:00 p.m.  Rancho Cordova[45][46] Sacramento
9 Wednesday, November 10, 1976 7:30 p.m.  Greenback Ln., Citrus Heights Sacramento
10 Saturday, December 18, 1976 7:00 p.m.  Carmichael Sacramento
11 Tuesday, January 18, 1977 11:00 p.m.  Glenbrook/College Greens, Sacramento[48] Sacramento
12 Monday, January 24, 1977 12:00 a.m.  Primrose Dr., Citrus Heights[49] Sacramento
13 Monday, February 7, 1977 6:45 a.m.  Crestview Drive and Madison Ave., Citrus Heights[50] Sacramento
14 Wednesday, February 16, 1977 10:30 p.m.  Ripon Court[51] Sacramento
15 Tuesday, March 8, 1977 4:00 a.m.  Robertson and Whitney Ave., Sacramento[52] Sacramento
16 Friday, March 18, 1977 10:45 p.m.  Rancho Cordova[53][54] Sacramento
17 Saturday, April 2, 1977 3:20 a.m.  Madison and Main Ave., Orangevale Sacramento
18 Friday, April 15, 1977 2:30 a.m.  Madison and Manzanita Aveues, Crestview[55] Sacramento
19 Tuesday, May 3, 1977 3:00 a.m.  Glenbrook/College Greens, Sacramento[56] Sacramento
20 Thursday, May 5, 1977 2:40 a.m.  Orangevale[56] Sacramento
21 Saturday, May 14, 1977 3:45 a.m.  Greenback Ln. and Birdcage St., Citrus Heights[57] Sacramento
22 Tuesday, May 17, 1977 1:30 a.m.  Sand Bar Circle, Del Dayo Dr., Carmichael[58] Sacramento
23 Saturday, May 28, 1977 1:00 a.m.  Fourth Parkway, South Area, Sacramento[59] Sacramento
24 Tuesday, September 6, 1977 1:30 a.m.  Lincoln Village West[60] San Joaquin
25 Saturday, October 1, 1977 1:30 a.m.  La Riviera and Tuolumne Dr., Rancho Cordova[61] Sacramento
26 Friday, October 21, 1977 3:00 a.m.  Elkhorn Blvd./Diablo Dr., Foothill Farms[62] Sacramento
27 Saturday, October 29, 1977 1:45 a.m.  Woodson Ave., Sacramento[63] Sacramento
28 Thursday, November 10, 1977 3:00 a.m.  La Riviera Dr. near Watt Ave., Sacramento[64] Sacramento
29 Friday, December 2, 1977 11:30 p.m.  Brett and Revelstoke Dr. Foothill Farms[65][66] Sacramento
30 Saturday, January 28, 1978 10:15 p.m.  Winding Way, east of Walnut Ave., Sacramento[67][68] Sacramento
31 Thursday, February 2, 1978 9:00 p.m.  Rancho Cordova[69][70][71] Sacramento
32 Saturday, March 18, 1978 1:05 p.m.  Parkwoods, Stockton[72] San Joaquin
33 Friday, April 14, 1978 10:00 p.m.  Seamas and Riverside Aves., South Sacramento[73][74] Sacramento
34 Monday, June 5, 1978 2:30 a.m.  Northeastern Modesto[74][75] Stanislaus
35 Wednesday, June 7, 1978 3:55 a.m.  UC Davis, Davis[76] Yolo
36 Friday, June 23, 1978 1:30 a.m.  Northeastern Modesto Stanislaus
37 Saturday, June 24, 1978 3:15 a.m.  Rivendell, Davis Yolo
38 Thursday, July 6, 1978 2:50 a.m.  Westwood Division, Davis[77] Yolo
39 Saturday, October 7, 1978 2:30 a.m.  Concord[78] Contra Costa
40 Friday, October 13, 1978 4:30 a.m.  Concord[79] Contra Costa
41 Saturday, October 28, 1978 4:30 a.m.  San Ramon[80][81][82] Contra Costa
42 Saturday, November 4, 1978 3:30 a.m.  San Jose Santa Clara
43 Saturday, December 2, 1978 4:30 a.m.  San Jose Santa Clara
44 Saturday, December 9, 1978 2:00 a.m.  Danville Contra Costa
45 Monday, December 18, 1978 6:30 p.m.  San Ramon[83][84] Contra Costa
46 Tuesday, March 20, 1979 5:00 a.m.  Rancho Cordova[83][84] Sacramento
47 Wednesday, April 4, 1979 1:00 a.m.  Fremont[85] Alameda
48 Saturday, June 2, 1979 11:30 p.m.  Walnut Creek[86] Contra Costa
49 Monday, June 11, 1979 4:00 a.m.  Danville[87] Contra Costa
50 Monday, June 25, 1979 4:00 a.m.  Walnut Creek[88] Contra Costa
51 Thursday, July 5, 1979 3:45 a.m.  Danville[89][90] Contra Costa

East Area Rapist murder

Sketches released of two suspects in the Maggiore murders

On the night of February 2, 1978, a young Sacramento couple, Brian (a military policeman at Mather Air Force Base) and Katie Maggiore, were walking their dog in the Rancho Cordova area near a cluster of five East Area Rapist attacks.[91] A confrontation in the street caused the couple to flee, but they were chased down and shot dead.[92] Some investigators suspected the couple had been murdered by the East Area Rapist due to being in the vicinity of the attacks and a shoelace found near the crime scene.[7]

On June 15, 2016, the FBI announced that they were confident the East Area Rapist murdered the Maggiores.[93]

Original Night Stalker

Shortly after the July 5 rape, the East Area Rapist moved to Southern California, where he struck in Santa Barbara County for the first time in October. These lasted until 1981, with a lone attack in 1986, and marked a darker turn as the rapist also began to kill his victims. Only the couple in the first attack would survive due to them alerting neighbors and forcing the intruder to flee, all other victims were murdered either by gunshot or bludgeoning. As the East Area Rapist wasn't linked to these crimes until decades later, he became known as the Night Stalker in the area before later being renamed to the Original Night Stalker after Richard Ramirez more famously gained the moniker.

Original Night Stalker crimes – October 1979 to May 1986

# Date Victim(s) Location County
1 Monday, October 1, 1979 None (attempted murder; botched attack) Queen Ann Lane, Goleta[94] Santa Barbara
2 Sunday, December 30, 1979 Dr. Robert Offerman, Dr. Debra Manning Goleta[95] Santa Barbara
3 Thursday, March 13, 1980 Charlene & Lyman Smith Ventura[96][97] Ventura
4 Tuesday, August 19, 1980 Keith & Patrice Harrington Dana Point[98] Orange
5 Friday, February 6, 1981 Manuela Witthuhn Irvine[98][99]

Orange

6 Monday, July 27, 1981 Cheri Domingo, Gregory Sanchez Goleta[100] Santa Barbara
7 Sunday, May 4, 1986 Janelle Cruz Irvine[23][101] Orange

1979

  • On October 1, an intruder broke in and tied up a Goleta couple.[7]: 434  Alarming them by chanting "I'll kill 'em" to himself,[9][7]: 435  the man and woman made attempts to escape when he left the room, during which the woman screamed. Realizing the alarm had been raised, the intruder fled on a bicycle.[9] A neighbor, who was an FBI agent, responded to the noise and pursued the perpetrator, who abandoned the bicycle and a knife and fled on foot through local backyards.[7]: 435  The attack was later linked physically to the Offerman–Manning murders by shoe prints and the same roll of twine being used to bind the victims.[7]: 438 
  • On December 30, Dr. Robert Offerman, 44, and Dr. Debra Alexandra Manning, 35, were found shot dead at Offerman's condominium on Avenida Pequena in Goleta.[102] The bindings on Offerman were untied, indicating he had apparently lunged at the attacker. Neighbors heard the gunshots, but failed to respond to them, attributing them to innocuous causes.[102] Paw prints from a large dog were found at the scene, leading to speculation that the killer may have brought one with him.[7]: 446  There is evidence that he fed the dog some leftover Christmas turkey from the refrigerator.[citation needed] The killer also broke into the adjoining residence, which was vacant at the time, and stole a bicycle from a third residence in the same complex. The bicycle was later found abandoned on a street to the north of the crime scene.[8]

1980

  • On March 13, Charlene Smith, 33, and Lyman Smith, 43, who was about to be appointed as a judge, were found murdered in their home in Ventura.[103] Charlene Smith had also been raped.[9] A log from the fireplace was used to bludgeon both the victims to death.[7]: 440 [104] Their wrists and ankles had been bound with a drapery cord.[9][7]: 441  An unusual Chinese knot, known as the diamond knot, was used on their wrists.[7]: 441  The same knot had been noted in the East Area Rapist attacks in Sacramento, with at least one confirmed case publicly known.[8]
  • On August 19, Keith Eli Harrington, 24, and Patrice Briscoe Harrington, 27, were found bludgeoned to death in their home on Cockleshell Drive in the Niguel Shores gated community in Dana Point.[105] Patrice Harrington had also been raped.[9][106] Although there was evidence that the Harringtons were bound at the wrist and ankles, no ligatures or murder weapon were found at the scene.[105] The Harringtons had been married for three months at the time of their deaths.[105] Patrice Harrington was a nurse in Irvine, while Keith Harrington was a medical student at the University of California, Irvine.[7][105] Keith Harrington's brother Bruce later spent nearly $2 million supporting California Proposition 69 (2004), which allows for DNA collection from all felons and certain other criminals in California.[9][95]

1981

  • On February 6, Manuela Witthuhn, 28, was raped and murdered in her Irvine home.[9][107] Again, while the body showed signs of being tied before being bludgeoned,[9] no ligatures or murder weapon were found. The victim was married, but her husband was recuperating from an illness in the hospital; thus she was alone at the time of the attack.[107] A lamp and crystal curio were removed from her house, presumably by the killer.[citation needed] Detectives also remarked that Witthuhn's television was found in the backyard, which was possibly the killer's attempt to make it appear as a botched robbery.[7]
  • On July 27, Cheri Domingo, 35, and Gregory Sanchez, 27, became the 10th and 11th murder victims of the Original Night Stalker.[108] Both were attacked in Domingo's house on Toltec Way in Goleta,[7]: 444  several blocks south of the Offerman–Manning crime scene, which she was staying in temporarily as it was owned by a deceased relative and up for sale.[109] He entered the property via a small window in the bathroom. Sanchez had not been tied[7]: 445  and was shot in the cheek, although not fatally. He was then bludgeoned to death with a garden tool taken from the property. Some believe Sanchez may have realized he was dealing with the man responsible for the Offerman–Manning murders and made a desperate attempt to tackle the killer rather than be tied up. Similarly to that case, no neighbors responded to the sound of the gunshot.[7]: 445 [109] Sanchez's head was covered with clothes pulled from the closet.[7]: 444  Domingo was raped and bludgeoned, and bruises on her wrists and ankles indicated she had been tied,[7]: 445  although the restraints were missing.[110] A single piece of shipping twine was found near the bed, and fibers of an unknown source were scattered over her body.[111] Law enforcement believe the attacker may have worked as a painter or related role in the Calle Real Shopping Centre.[112][113][110]

1986

  • On May 4, Janelle Lisa Cruz, 18, was found raped[23][101][114] and bludgeoned to death in her Irvine home.[115] Her family was on vacation in Mexico at the time of the attack.[9][107] A pipe wrench was reported missing by Cruz's stepfather and was thought to be the murder weapon.[7]: 458 

These murders in Southern California were not initially thought to be connected by investigators in their respective jurisdictions. One Sacramento detective strongly believed the East Area Rapist was responsible for the Goleta attacks, but the Santa Barbara County Sheriff's Department attributed them to a local career criminal who had subsequently been murdered. Investigating the crimes that did not occur in Goleta caused local police to follow false leads related to men who had been close to the female victims. One suspect, later acknowledged to be innocent, was charged with two murders. Linking all of the cases together was achieved almost entirely via DNA testing, which was not done until many years later.[7]

Suspect profile

Known physical characteristics

The following physical characteristics are considered factual and indisputable[citation needed] based on crime scene evidence as well as nearly universal agreement by victims and law enforcement:

  • White male
  • Approximately 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) tall
  • Slender but athletic build
  • Size 9 to 9.5 shoe
  • Type-A blood
  • Non-secretor (sperm does not contain blood-group antigens.)[116]
  • Physically agile and capable of sprinting, bicycling, and scaling fences with ease

Probable physical characteristics

The following physical characteristics are considered probable, but not necessarily factual. Only a small minority of victims described the perpetrator differently:

  • 18–25 years old when the rapes began in 1976, although authorities currently believe him to be between 60 and 75 years old in 2018[69]
  • Blond or brown hair
  • Blue or light-colored eyes
  • Penis size frequently described as "small" or "smaller than average"

The Sacramento County Sheriff's Department revealed that microscopic paint chips were discovered at three of the crime scenes: two homicides and a rape.[117] This suggests that the Golden State Killer may have worked in construction, possibly using a paint spray gun.[118] Construction work had been taking place near the 1979 Goleta murder site; in 2013, a cold case investigator contacted the developer to identify subcontractors working at the site and obtain employment records.[117]

Potential psychological profile

After criminologists matched serological evidence found at the Southern California murder scenes, a psychological profile of the Golden State Killer was compiled based on a probabilistic analysis, and its accuracy is speculative only. According to Leslie D'Ambrosia, who was the primary author of the profile, it is likely that the Golden State Killer would possess the following characteristics:[116]

  • An emotional age equivalent to that of a 26 to 30 year old at the time the murders began in 1979
  • Engaged in deviant paraphilic behavior and brutal sex in his personal life
  • Engaged in sex with prostitutes
  • Had some knowledge of police investigative methods and evidence-gathering techniques
  • Sexually "functional" and capable of ejaculation with consenting and non-consenting partners
  • Dressed well and would not stand out in upscale neighborhoods (would appear harmless)
  • Lived and/or worked near Ventura, California in 1980
  • Was in good physical condition
  • Was a skilled and experienced cat burglar and may have begun that way
  • Had a criminal record as a teenager that was expunged
  • Had some means of income, but did not work in the early morning hours
  • Hated women for real or perceived wrongs
  • If married, probably has a submissive spouse who tolerated his sexually deviant behavior
  • Intelligent and articulate
  • Likely began as a voyeur in his late teens or early twenties
  • Neat and well-organized in his personal life, and drove a well-maintained car
  • Peeped into the windows of many potential victims who were not attacked
  • Possibly unmarried and did not enter into long-term relationships
  • Self-assured and confident in his abilities
  • Would continue committing violent crimes until incapacitated by prison, death, or some other intervention
  • Would have been described by those who knew him as arrogant, domineering, manipulative, and a chronic liar

In addition to describing the characteristics of the Golden State Killer, the profile also speculates that he could have been incarcerated following Janelle Cruz's murder or killed in the commission of a similar crime, although as he contacted victims as late as 2001, the latter is unlikely. Regardless, the profile recommends that law enforcement agencies look into attempted "hot prowl burglaries" in the late 1980s that resulted in the death of a lone male offender. It also indicates that there is a slight chance the Golden State Killer committed suicide; although it is unlikely that he is confined in a mental institution.[116]

The profile reveals that following the original homicides in this series, teleprinter bulletins were broadcast to law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. These bulletins requested information on similar home invasion attacks involving sexual assault, murder, bludgeoning, multiple victims, and/or bondage. As of 2015, no similar crimes have been reported. The profile propounds the possibility, however, that the Golden State Killer could have continued committing his crimes in another country where records were not consulted for linkage purposes.[116]

Correspondences

Letters and writings

"Excitement's Crave" poem (December 11, 1977)

In December 1977, letters containing a poem titled "Excitement's Crave" by an individual claiming to be the East Area Rapist were sent to the editor of the Sacramento Bee, the Sacramento mayor's office, and the KVIE 6 TV station.[7] It should be noted that December 11 is also the date a masked man, likely the Golden State Killer, eluded pursuit by multiple law enforcement personnel after he had alerted authorities by telephone that he would strike on Watt Avenue that night.[119] Though the authenticity of the poem has never been proven, it is possible his evasion of the police on that morning inspired him to write it.

'Excitement's Crave'

All those mortal's surviving birth / Upon facing maturity,
Take inventory of their worth / To prevailing society.
Choosing values becomes a task; / Oneself must seek satisfaction.
The selected route will unmask / Character when plans take action.
Accepting some work to perform / At fixed pay, but promise for more,
Is a recognized social norm, / As is decorum, seeking lore.
Achieving while others lifting / Should be cause for deserving fame.
Leisure tempts excitement seeking, / What's right and expected seems tame.
"Jessie James" has been seen by all, / And "Son of Sam" has an author.
Others now feel temptations call. / Sacramento should make an offer.
To make a movie of my life / That will pay for my planned exile.
Just now I' d like to add the wife / Of a Mafia lord to my file.
Your East Area Rapist
And deserving pest.
See you in the press or on T.V.[7]: p. 304 

The "homework pages" and the "punishment map" (December 9, 1978)

Front side of "Mad is the Word"
Reverse side of "Mad is the Word"
Front side of the "Punishment" map
Reverse side of the "Punishment" map, showing the word punishment scrawled across the page

During the investigation of the 42nd attack in Danville, investigators discovered three notebook leaves not far from the scene of the attack where a suspicious vehicle had reportedly been parked.[2]

  • The first leaf is what appears to be an essay on General George Armstrong Custer.[2]
  • The second contains a journal-style entry where the author writes about a school teacher who made them write lines and how humiliating he found the experience:[2]

    "Mad is the word, the word that reminds me of 6th grade. I hated that year ... I wish I had know what was going to be going on during my 6th grade year, the last and worst year of elementary school. Mad is the word that remains in my head about my dreadful year as a 6th grader. My Madness was one that was caused by disapointments that hurt me very much. Dissapointments from my teacher, such as feild trips that were planed, then canncled. My 6th grade teacher gave me a lot of dissapointments which made me very mad and made me built a state of haterd in my heart, no one ever let me down that hard befor and I never hated anyone as much as I did him. Disapointment was'nt the only reason that made me mad in my sixth grade class, another was getting in trouble at school espeically talking thats what really bugged me was writing sentances, those awful sentance that my teacher made ... me write, hours and hours Id sit and write 50-100-150 sentance day and night I write those dreadful Paragraphs which embarrased me and more inportant it made me ashamed of myself which in turn, deep down in side made me realize that writing sentance was'nt fair it was'nt fair to make me suffer like that, it just was'nt fair to make me sit and wright until my bones aked, until my hand felt every horrid pain it ever had and as I wrote, I got mader and mader until I cried, I cried because I was ashamed I cried because I was discusted, I cried because I was mad, and I cried for myself, kid who kept on having to write those dane sentances. My Angryness from Sixth grade will scar my memory for life and I will be ashamed for my sixth grade year forever"

  • The last carries a hand-drawn map of what appears to be a suburban neighborhood, with the word "punishment" scrawled across the reverse side of the paper.[113] Investigators were unable to identify the area depicted in the map, although it was clear that the artist had knowledge of architectural layout and landscape design.[120] Detective Larry Pool believes the map to be a fantasy location representing the Golden State Killer's desired striking ground.[2]

Phone calls

"I'm the East Side Rapist" (March 18, 1977)

On March 18, 1977, the Sacramento County Sheriff's Office received three calls from a man claiming to be the EAR, none of which were recorded.[121] The first two calls, received at 4:15 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. were identical and ended with the caller laughing and hanging up. The final call came in at 5:00 p.m., with the caller stating "I'm the East Side Rapist and I have my next victim already stalked and you guys can't catch me." The EAR attacked his 16th victim later that night.[citation needed]

"Never gonna catch me" (December 2, 1977)

A man claiming to be the East Area Rapist called the Sacramento Police to taunt them, saying "You're never gonna catch me, East Area Rapist, you dumb fuckers, I'm gonna fuck again tonight. Careful!". The call was recorded and later released.[36] Like the previous call, the East Area Rapist attacked his next victim the same night.

"Merry Christmas" (December 9, 1977)

A previous victim received a phone call during the Christmas season of 1977 whom she attributed to her attacker. The caller said "Merry Christmas, it's me again!"[7]: 301 

"Watt Avenue" (December 10, 1977)

Shortly before 10:00 p.m. on the night of December 10, 1977, dispatchers from the County of Sacramento's Sheriff's Department and the City of Sacramento's Police Department received identical calls saying: "I am going to hit tonight. Watt Avenue." Both were reportedly recorded and the caller was subsequently identified as the same individual who placed the call on December 2. Law enforcement patrols were increased on that night in response,[7] and at 2:30 a.m. sheriff's deputies spotted a masked man bicycling on the Watt Avenue bridge, although he was able to elude them. He was located again at 4:30 a.m., this time by the city police. He discarded the bike, which was determined to have been stolen in Redding, California,[119] and successfully fled on foot. It is noteworthy that the "Excitement's Crave" poem was written on the same date of this bike chase.[citation needed]

"Gonna Kill You" (January 2, 1978)

The very first known rape victim received a "wrong number" call, asking for "Ray", on January 2, 1978. The call was recorded, and police suspect it may be the same caller who made a threatening call to her later that evening.[122] This call was also recorded and identified by the victim as being the voice of her assailant.[2][7] The caller said "Gonna kill you...gonna kill you...gonna kill you...bitch...bitch...bitch...bitch...fuckin' whore."[123]

"Counseling Service" (January 6, 1978)

A volunteer for the Contact Counseling Service answered a call from a man claiming to be the East Area Rapist who stated: "I have a problem. I need help because I don't want to do this anymore." After a short conversation, the caller said, "I believe you are tracing this call" and disconnected.[7]: 310–315 [124]

Later calls

In 1982, a previous victim who was working at a Denny's restaurant received a call at work from the rapist, during which he said he would rape her again. Contra Costa County District Attorney Paul Holes has stated that the rapist must have gone to the restaurant and recognized one of his victims working there.[125]

In 1991, a previous victim received a phone call from the perpetrator and spoke with him for one minute. She stated that she could hear a woman and children in the background, leading to suspicion that he had started a family.[4]

On April 6, 2001, one day after an article was published in the Sacramento Bee that confirmed the Original Night Stalker and the East Area Rapist were the same person, a victim of the East Area Rapist received a call from him during which he asked, "Remember when we played?" before hanging up.[125]

Investigation

June 2016 nationwide billboard campaign to locate him

Prior to officially connecting the Original Night Stalker to the East Area Rapist in 2001, some law enforcement officials, particularly several from the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department, sought to link the Goleta cases separately to the East Area Rapist and the Original Night Stalker.[126][127] These postulated links were considered primarily due to similarity in modus operandi. One of the already linked Original Night Stalker double murders did take place in Ventura, California, 40 miles southeast of Goleta, while the remaining murders took place in Orange County, California, a further 90 miles to the southeast. In 2001, several rapes in Contra Costa County believed to have been part of the East Area Rapist series were linked by DNA to the Smith, Harrington, Whithuhn, and Cruz murders. In 2011, DNA evidence proved that the Domingo–Sanchez murders were committed by the Golden State Killer.[7][128]

On June 15, 2016, the FBI released further information related to the crimes, including new composite sketches and testimonies from victims and local/federal investigators.[91] A press conference was held the same day in Sacramento, where local and FBI law enforcement agencies announced a US$50,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of the Golden State Killer.[129] The initiative includes a national database to support law enforcement investigating the crimes and to handle tips and information.[130]

Suspects

Throughout the course of the investigation, several people were considered and eliminated as suspects:

  • Brett Glasby – From Goleta, California, considered a suspect by investigators in Santa Barbara County. He was murdered in Mexico in 1982, prior to the murder of Janelle Cruz, so he was eliminated as a suspect.[131]
  • Paul "Cornfed" Schneider – A high-ranking member of the Aryan Brotherhood prison gang. Schneider was a career criminal living in Orange County, California, when the murders of the Harringtons, Manuela Witthuhn, and Janelle Cruz occurred. In the late 1990s, while serving time at Pelican Bay State Prison in Crescent City, California, Schneider provided a DNA sample to authorities,[132] which cleared him from the investigation.[133]
  • Joe Alsip – A business partner and friend of victim Lyman Smith. Alsip had visited the Smiths' home the day before Lyman and Charlene Smith's murders, and Alsip's pastor claimed that he had confessed to him during a family counseling session, but this confession was considered dubious by the Ventura County District Attorney's Office. Nevertheless, Alsip was arraigned for the murders of Lyman and Charlene Smith in 1982. After the preliminary hearing, however, all charges against him were dropped.[134][135] He was also tested in 1997 for DNA and cleared.[136]

In November 2002, journalist Colleen Cason wrote a newspaper series about the murders for the Ventura County Star.[134] According to Cason's articles, Detective Larry Pool of the Orange County Sheriff's Department visited California's Death Row at San Quentin State Prison in an attempt to locate the Golden State Killer. Detective Pool suspected the killer had been captured and sentenced to death for another violent crime. Nevertheless, none of the genetic samples collected from Death Row inmates matched the DNA of the Golden State Killer.[133]

Joseph James DeAngelo

DeAngelo's face
DeAngelo's mugshot, 2018

On April 24, 2018, the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department arrested 72-year-old Joseph James DeAngelo (born November 8, 1945). DeAngelo, a former police officer in Auburn and Exeter, California,[137] was charged with eight counts of first-degree murder, with special circumstances.[12][138][139][15] On May 10, the Santa Barbara County District Attorney's office charged DeAngelo with four additional counts of first degree murder for the four killings believed to be committed by the Golden State Killer in that county.[140]

Before the arrest, law enforcement uploaded the Golden State Killer's DNA profile from an intact rape kit in Ventura County[141][142] to Florida-based personal genomics website GEDmatch.[143] The website identified 10 to 20 distant relatives of the Golden State Killer, sharing the same great-great-great grandparents, from whom a team of five investigators constructed a large family tree. They identified two suspects in the case, one of whom was ruled out by a relative's DNA test, leaving DeAngelo as the main suspect.[144] Investigators acquired samples of his DNA from items he discarded outside his home, one of which definitively matched that of the killer.[145][146] The process took about four months, from when the first matches appeared on GEDmatch to when DeAngelo was arrested.[17]

Biography

Joseph DeAngelo was born in Bath, New York, the son of Joseph James DeAngelo Sr. and Kathleen Louise DeGroat.[147] DeAngelo attended 9th grade at Mills Middle School in Rancho Cordova, California.[148][149] He graduated from Folsom High School in June 1964.[150] He was in the U.S. Navy during the Vietnam War and served as a damage controlman on the cruiser USS Canberra.[151] He earned a National Defense Service Medal, a Vietnam Service Medal, and a Vietnam Campaign Medal. After the war, he attended Sierra College, where he got an associate's degree in police science, and then Sacramento State, where he focused on criminal law while earning a bachelor's degree in criminal justice.[150]

DeAngelo worked as a police officer in Exeter from 1973 until 1976, then in Auburn from 1976 until 1979, when he was fired after being caught shoplifting a hammer and dog repellent.[152] From 1990 until his retirement in 2017, DeAngelo worked as a truck mechanic at the Roseville distribution center for Save Mart Supermarkets.[153] DeAngelo's work history in the decade between his Auburn and Roseville jobs is not currently known.

DeAngelo was engaged to a woman named Bonnie in 1970, whom he met as a classmate at Sierra College, but he never married her. This fact matched a statement that the offender reportedly made during one of his attacks: "I hate you, Bonnie".[154] He married lawyer Sharon Marie Huddle in 1973 and had three daughters with her. They separated in 1991.[154] DeAngelo was living in Citrus Heights with one of his daughters and a granddaughter at the time of his arrest. His brother-in-law, James Huddle, recalled DeAngelo casually bringing up the East Area Rapist in conversation around the time the original crimes were occurring.[155] Neighbors reported that DeAngelo frequently engaged in loud and profane outbursts.[152]

Significance

The case was a factor in the establishment of California's DNA database, which collects DNA from all accused and convicted felons in California[156] and has been called second only to Virginia's in effectiveness in solving cold cases.[157]

After the DeAngelo arrest, achieved after the suspect's DNA profile was compared to the 650,000 profiles on the GEDmatch website,[158] several concerns have been raised (particularly given California's Online Privacy Protection Act, and in the wake of the recent Facebook scandal) regarding the ethics of the secondary use of personally identifiable information.[159][160][161][162][163][164]

Media

  • Sudden Terror, Larry Crompton, pub. 2010
  • Hunting a Psychopath: The East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker Investigation-The Original Investigator Speaks Out, Richard Shelby, pub. September 15, 2014
  • Case Files of the East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer, Kat Winters, Keith Komos, pub. September 19, 2017
  • I'll Be Gone in the Dark: One Woman's Obsessive Search for the Golden State Killer, Michelle McNamara, pub. February 2018
  • Unmasking a Killer, HLN/CNN documentary in five parts, March 2018
  • 48 Hours: The Golden State Killer, CBS News, April 2018

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "In the Footsteps of a Killer". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Lange, Jeva (March 19, 2018). "Michelle McNamara's tantalizing roadmap for finding a long lost serial killer". The Week. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Hallissy, Erin; Goodyear, Charlie (April 4, 2001). "DNA Links '70s 'East Area Rapist' to Serial Killings / Evidence suggests suspect moved to Southern California". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b Johnson, Brian (April 27, 2018). "Tulare DA awaits reports connecting 'Golden State Killer' to 'Visalia Ransacker'". ABC30 Fresno. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  6. ^ "Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia". ABC30 Fresno. April 26, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Crompton, Larry (August 2, 2010). Sudden Terror. AuthorHouse. ISBN 1-4520-5241-7.
  8. ^ a b c d Shelby, Richard (September 15, 2014). Hunting a Psychopath: The East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker Investigation – The Original Investigator Speaks Out. Booklocker. ISBN 978-1-63263-508-2.
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  29. ^ Ep. 13 VR = EAR?, retrieved April 23, 2018
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Further reading

Literature

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Television

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