Half-metal: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Half metar sattar.JPG|thumb|The electronic structure of a half-metal. <math>E_f</math> is the [[fermi |
[[Image:Half metar sattar.JPG|thumb|The electronic structure of a half-metal. <math>E_f</math> is the [[fermi level]], <math>N(E)</math> is the [[density of states]] for spin down (on the left) and spin up (on the right). In this case, the half-metal is conducting in the minority spin channel.]] |
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A '''half-metal''' is any substance that acts as a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] to [[electron]]s of one [[spin (physics)|spin]] orientation, but as an [[Electrical insulation|insulator]] or [[semiconductor]] to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are [[Ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] (or [[Ferrimagnetism|ferrimagnetic]]), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are [[oxide]]s, [[sulfide]]s, or [[Heusler alloy]]s.<ref name=COEY02>{{cite journal |first1=J.M.D. |last1=Coey |first2=M.|last2=Venkatesan|year=2002 |title=Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2 |journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=8345–50 |doi=10.1063/1.1447879 |bibcode = 2002JAP....91.8345C }}</ref> |
A '''half-metal''' is any substance that acts as a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] to [[electron]]s of one [[spin (physics)|spin]] orientation, but as an [[Electrical insulation|insulator]] or [[semiconductor]] to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are [[Ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] (or [[Ferrimagnetism|ferrimagnetic]]), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are [[oxide]]s, [[sulfide]]s, or [[Heusler alloy]]s.<ref name=COEY02>{{cite journal |first1=J.M.D. |last1=Coey |first2=M.|last2=Venkatesan|year=2002 |title=Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2 |journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=8345–50 |doi=10.1063/1.1447879 |bibcode = 2002JAP....91.8345C }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 18:22, 9 August 2018
A half-metal is any substance that acts as a conductor to electrons of one spin orientation, but as an insulator or semiconductor to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are oxides, sulfides, or Heusler alloys.[1]
In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results in conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is.[citation needed]
Half-metals were first described in 1983, as an explanation for the electrical properties of Mn-based Heusler alloys.[2]
Some notable half-metals are chromium(IV) oxide, magnetite, and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO),[1] as well as chromium arsenide. Half-metals have attracted some interest for their potential use in spintronics.[citation needed]
References
- ^ a b Coey, J.M.D.; Venkatesan, M. (2002). "Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2". Journal of Applied Physics. 91 (10): 8345–50. Bibcode:2002JAP....91.8345C. doi:10.1063/1.1447879.
- ^ R. A. de Groot, F. M. Mueller, P. G. van Engen, and K. H. J. Buschow (1983). "New Class of Materials: Half-Metallic Ferromagnets". 50 (25). Phys. Rev. Lett.: 2024. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.2024.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Further reading
- Guezlane, M; Baaziz, H; El Haj Hassan, F; Charifi, Z; Djaballah, Y (2016). "Electronic, magnetic and thermal properties of Co2CrxFe1−xX (X=Al, Si) Heusler alloys: First-principles calculations". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 414: 219–26. Bibcode:2016JMMM..414..219G. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.04.056.
- Son, Young-Woo; Cohen, Marvin L; Louie, Steven G (2006). "Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons". Nature. 444 (7117): 347–9. arXiv:cond-mat/0611600. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..347S. doi:10.1038/nature05180. PMID 17108960.
- http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~ah566/research/half_metals.html[full citation needed]
- http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/People/Michael.Coey/oxsen/newsletter/january98/halfmeta.htm[full citation needed]
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