Dziennik Ludowy (People's Daily): Difference between revisions
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== Role of the Polish Press in the Immigrant Community == |
== Role of the Polish Press in the Immigrant Community == |
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The press, along with the Church and political organizations, was one of the forms of leadership in the Polish immigrant community. In the beginning, the press was creating fewer leaders than the Church and other organizations as was mainly concerned with the political situation in Poland and was not paying much attention to organizing immigrants’ life in the USA. There were several newspapers in each settlement town and they often represented contradicting views, which made it difficult to coordinate a community.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish folkways in America: community and family|last=Obidynski, Eugene, Edward and Stankiewicz Zand, Helena|first=|publisher=University Press of America|year=1987|isbn=|location=(Lanham, MD|pages=59}}</ref> The Polish press was used as a tool to develop patriotism among former peasants. It played a major role in changing a peasant into an urban citizen. Many of the papers were targeting peasants and, after a while, working-class immigrants settled in urban areas of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish Americans: status competition in an ethnic community|last=Znaniecka Lopata|first=Helena|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1976|isbn=|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|pages=64}}</ref> The first polish language newspaper, ''Echo z Polski,''appeared in 1863 and closed two years later. There is no information about any other polish language publications in the United States in the following fifteen years. The next Polish periodicals appeared in the early 1870s. From the 1880s Polish press entered a phase of rapid development due to the growing immigrant population in the USA. The first dailies appeared in the late 1880s. The three main centers of the polish community and press were localized in big cities: Chicago, Milwaukee, and New York.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish Americans, 1854-1939|last=Brożek|first=Andrzej|publisher=Interpress|year=1985|isbn=|location=Warsaw|pages=156}}</ref> |
The press, along with the Church and political organizations, was one of the forms of leadership in the Polish immigrant community. In the beginning, the press was creating fewer leaders than the Church and other organizations as was mainly concerned with the political situation in Poland and was not paying much attention to organizing immigrants’ life in the USA. There were several newspapers in each settlement town and they often represented contradicting views, which made it difficult to coordinate a community.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish folkways in America: community and family|last=Obidynski, Eugene, Edward and Stankiewicz Zand, Helena|first=|publisher=University Press of America|year=1987|isbn=|location=(Lanham, MD|pages=59}}</ref> The Polish press was used as a tool to develop patriotism among former peasants. It played a major role in changing a peasant into an urban citizen. Many of the papers were targeting peasants and, after a while, working-class immigrants settled in urban areas of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish Americans: status competition in an ethnic community|last=Znaniecka Lopata|first=Helena|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1976|isbn=|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|pages=64}}</ref> The first polish language newspaper, ''Echo z Polski,''appeared in 1863 and closed two years later. There is no information about any other polish language publications in the United States in the following fifteen years. The next Polish periodicals appeared in the early 1870s. From the 1880s Polish press entered a phase of rapid development due to the growing immigrant population in the USA. The first dailies appeared in the late 1880s. The three main centers of the polish community and press were localized in big cities: Chicago, Milwaukee, and New York.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish Americans, 1854-1939|last=Brożek|first=Andrzej|publisher=Interpress|year=1985|isbn=|location=Warsaw|pages=156}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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The first issue of ''Dziennik Ludowy''was published in 1907. In its first months, the newspaper supported Polish nationalistic movement organized during the World War I. It was one of the most popular Polish language titles supporting the contemporary leader of the country- Jozef Pilsudski.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Immigrant Press and its control|last=Park|first=Robert Ezra|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1992|isbn=|location=New York, London|pages=332}}</ref> After a split in the Polish- American socialist movement in 1908, the Polish Section of the Socialist Party was formed, and Dziennik Ludowy became the official organ of the Polish Socialist Alliance. It rejected the notion of military activity as a method of establishing an independent Poland proposed by Jozef Pilsudski. Instead, the newspaper focused on opening its columns to various Polish organizations, unions, and societies. Dziennik Ludowy supported the idea of establishing an independent Poland by promoting popular education and labor activism as a way of liberating the nation. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bekken|first=Jon|date=2000|title=Negotiating Class and Ethnicity: The Polish-Language Press in Chicago|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20148588|journal=Polish American Studies|volume=57 (2)|pages=13|via=JSTOR}}</ref> The target audience of the newspaper was the first generation of immigrants, who did not speak English and strongly relied on the Polish language news. By 1925, when the daily stopped being published, the younger generation of immigrant children was often educated in American schools and more accustomed to the American culture. Therefore younger people often chose English language newspapers, which contributed to decreasing readership of ''Dziennik Ludowy.''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish folkways in America: community and family|last=Obidynski, Eugene Edward and Stankiewicz Zand Helena|first=|publisher=University Press of America|year=1987|isbn=|location=Lanham, MD|pages=58}}</ref> The last issue was published on April 20, 1925, when it declared bankruptcy and was superseded by other Chicago based titles.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Polish folkways in America: community and family|last=Obidynski, EugeneEdward and Stankiewicz Zand Helena|first=|publisher=University Press of America|year=1987|isbn=|location=Lanham, MD|pages=14}}</ref>{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}} |
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Revision as of 04:53, 11 December 2018
Dziennik Ludowy (People's Daily)
Dziennik Ludowy (People's Daily) (1907- 1925) Polish language socialist daily newspaper, published in Chicago. Established by a young generation of immigrant activists, presented left-wing beliefs. Chief editors of the paper were M. Sokołowski, and H. Anielewski.[1]
Role of the Polish Press in the Immigrant Community
The press, along with the Church and political organizations, was one of the forms of leadership in the Polish immigrant community. In the beginning, the press was creating fewer leaders than the Church and other organizations as was mainly concerned with the political situation in Poland and was not paying much attention to organizing immigrants’ life in the USA. There were several newspapers in each settlement town and they often represented contradicting views, which made it difficult to coordinate a community.[2] The Polish press was used as a tool to develop patriotism among former peasants. It played a major role in changing a peasant into an urban citizen. Many of the papers were targeting peasants and, after a while, working-class immigrants settled in urban areas of the USA.[3] The first polish language newspaper, Echo z Polski,appeared in 1863 and closed two years later. There is no information about any other polish language publications in the United States in the following fifteen years. The next Polish periodicals appeared in the early 1870s. From the 1880s Polish press entered a phase of rapid development due to the growing immigrant population in the USA. The first dailies appeared in the late 1880s. The three main centers of the polish community and press were localized in big cities: Chicago, Milwaukee, and New York.[4]
History
The first issue of Dziennik Ludowywas published in 1907. In its first months, the newspaper supported Polish nationalistic movement organized during the World War I. It was one of the most popular Polish language titles supporting the contemporary leader of the country- Jozef Pilsudski.[5] After a split in the Polish- American socialist movement in 1908, the Polish Section of the Socialist Party was formed, and Dziennik Ludowy became the official organ of the Polish Socialist Alliance. It rejected the notion of military activity as a method of establishing an independent Poland proposed by Jozef Pilsudski. Instead, the newspaper focused on opening its columns to various Polish organizations, unions, and societies. Dziennik Ludowy supported the idea of establishing an independent Poland by promoting popular education and labor activism as a way of liberating the nation. [6] The target audience of the newspaper was the first generation of immigrants, who did not speak English and strongly relied on the Polish language news. By 1925, when the daily stopped being published, the younger generation of immigrant children was often educated in American schools and more accustomed to the American culture. Therefore younger people often chose English language newspapers, which contributed to decreasing readership of Dziennik Ludowy.[7] The last issue was published on April 20, 1925, when it declared bankruptcy and was superseded by other Chicago based titles.[8]
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- ^ "- Encyklopedia PWN - źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy". encyklopedia.pwn.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2018-12-11.
- ^ Obidynski, Eugene, Edward and Stankiewicz Zand, Helena (1987). Polish folkways in America: community and family. (Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 59.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Znaniecka Lopata, Helena (1976). Polish Americans: status competition in an ethnic community. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. 64.
- ^ Brożek, Andrzej (1985). Polish Americans, 1854-1939. Warsaw: Interpress. p. 156.
- ^ Park, Robert Ezra (1992). The Immigrant Press and its control. New York, London: Harper & Brothers. p. 332.
- ^ Bekken, Jon (2000). "Negotiating Class and Ethnicity: The Polish-Language Press in Chicago". Polish American Studies. 57 (2): 13 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Obidynski, Eugene Edward and Stankiewicz Zand Helena (1987). Polish folkways in America: community and family. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 58.
- ^ Obidynski, EugeneEdward and Stankiewicz Zand Helena (1987). Polish folkways in America: community and family. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 14.