Vega Expedition

Map showing the route of the Vega exhibition.

Return of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld with the SS Vega to Stockholm on 24 April 1880.

Swedish steamship SS Vega, used during the expedition of the Finnish-Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld.

SS Vega at anchor in the Penkigney Bay of the Bering Sea.

SS Vega frozen into packed ice outside Piltekai, Siberia. Photo by Louis Palander

The Vega Expedition (Template:Lang-sv) of 1878–1880, named after the SS Vega and under the leadership of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, was the first Arctic expedition to navigate through the Northeast Passage, the sea route between Europe and Asia through the Arctic Ocean, and the first voyage to circumnavigate Eurasia. Initially a troubled enterprise, the successful expedition is considered to be among the highest achievements in the history of Swedish science.

Preparations

Nordenskiöld had already conducted a series of expeditions in the Arctic, including to Svalbard, West Greenland, the Kara Sea and the Yenisei River.

In 1877, Nordenskiöld began planning the expedition to find the Northeast Passage, and in July he presented a detailed plan to King Oscar II, who accepted the proposal. Additional funds were provided by members of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography and the Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg, and private individuals, notably Swedish industrialist and philanthropist Oscar Dickson (1823-1897) and Russian industrialist Alexander Sibiryakov (1849–1933).

The steamship Vega, constructed in 1872 at Bremerhaven as a sealer and whaler, was bought for the expedition, and was converted at the Karlskrona naval shipyards in Blekinge, Sweden, with government funding. Sibiryakov also equipped another steamship, Lena, which would accompany the expedition until the Lena River in Siberia.

Expedition members

Louis Palander (1842–1920) was appointed captain of the expedition. Palander was a Swedish naval officer and an experienced sailor who had already made several trips in the Arctic and had previously participated in other Nordenskiöld expeditions. It also included scientists, officers and a crew of 21 men. Noted members of the international team included:

• Ernst Almquist, Swedish doctor, botanist and lichenologist
• Karl Johan Andersson, Swedish xylographer and painter
• Giacomo Bove, Italian sailing master, in charge of the Marine chronometers, made astronomical observations needed to fix the ship's position
• Andreas Peter Hovgaard, Danish naval officer, explorer and meteorologist, responsible for the meteorological and magnetic observations
• Frans Reinhold Kjellman, Swedish botanist
• Oscar Frithiof Nordquist, Finnish hydrographer and zoologist, acted as the Russian interpreter
• Anton Stuxberg, Swedish zoologist

The Expedition

Vega left Karlskrona on June 22, 1878, made a stop in Tromso from July 17 until July 21. In Tromso, Vega was joined by the cargo ship Lena, commanded by Edvard Holm Johanssen. The ships reached Cape Chelyuskin, the northernmost tip of the Eurasian continent, on August 19, 1878. Lena navigated up the Lena river towards Yakutsk on August 27, with Vega continuing east along the coast, which had only a narrow ice-free strip a couple of miles wide.

Vega's progress stopped in pack ice on September 28, 1878, about 1.5 kilometers from the coast at the Chukchi Peninsula at Neshkan, only days from the Bering Strait. The expedition spent the winter there. Vega could be freed from the ice only the next summer, on August 18, 1879, and it reached Bering Strait on August 20. Vega stopped in Japan for repairs for almost two months, and returned to Sweden through the Indian Ocean and the Suez canal. It returned to Stockholm on April 24, 1880.

See also

• David Melgueiro, a Portuguese navigator who undertook a similar expedition in 1660, in reverse direction.
• Albatross expedition (1947–48), Swedish oceanographic expedition
• Cape Vega, a headland in the Kara Sea named after the ship.
• History of research ships