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She was a primary school at the time when she started her photography, and was slowly taking pictures 'under the radar'.
She was a primary school at the time when she started her photography, and was slowly taking pictures 'under the radar'.
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Howard |first1=Ellie |title=How one woman used her camera to defy a dictatorship |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/36622/1/how-paz-errazuriz-used-her-camera-to-defy-a-chilean-dictatorship |website=DAZED |accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Howard |first1=Ellie |title=How one woman used her camera to defy a dictatorship |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/36622/1/how-paz-errazuriz-used-her-camera-to-defy-a-chilean-dictatorship |website=DAZED |accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref>

== Artworks ==

Errazuriz has put out multiple collections that includes ''Sex, Instrument of Survival'', which was published in her 2016 book ''Paz Errazuriz'', which contains multiple collections of her works.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Errazuriz |first1=Paz |last2=Mosquera |first2=Gerardo |title=Paz Errazuriz |date=2016 |publisher=Aperture |isbn=1597113549 |pages=170-213}}</ref> The photographs featured in ''Sex, Instrument of Survival'' were taken from several of her more specific collections, specifically ''Adam's apple'', ''Brothels'', and ''Dolls: Chile-Peru border.<ref name=":2" />'' Also known as ''La Manzana de Adán'', ''Adam's apple'' is a collection of photographs taken from 1982 through 1987 and depicts cross-dressing male prostitutes working in brothels located in [[Santiago]] and [[Talca|Talca, Chile.]]<ref name=":1" /> Many of the people who were photographed in this collection feared for their life, as homosexuality was deemed particularly unacceptable and shameful during this time in Chilean history. This made cross-dressing a stressful and dangerous thing for these male prostitutes to do, despite them seeing it as an outward expression of their true selves. Errazuriz used the medium of photography to show the marginalization of this population. <ref name=":1" />

Another collection of photographs by Errazuriz are her collection ''Impediments of the Gaze'', which was published in her 2016 book as well called, ''Paz Errazuriz''.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Errazuriz |first1=Paz |last2=Mosquera |first2=Gerardo |title=Paz Errazuriz |date=2016 |publisher=Aperture |isbn=1597113549 |pages=170-213}}</ref> The pictures featured in this collection were taken from her series called, ''Blindness'' and ''Blinding Light''. In this series Errazuriz wanted to highlight the conditions of being blind and a condition called [[achromatopsia]]. She specifically showcased these conditions as a metaphor to most of her work being black and white. <ref>{{cite web |title=Exhibition: Paz Errázuriz |url=https://www.artnexus.com/Notice_View.aspx?DocumentID=29119 |website=ArtNexus |accessdate=10 March 2019}}</ref> This work was done in 2003 in Chile. In the series ''Stages of Life (And Death)'' Errazuriz displays photographs of children and elderly individuals to showcase the different stages of life and death. <ref>{{cite web |title=Exhibition: Paz Errázuriz |url=https://www.artnexus.com/Notice_View.aspx?DocumentID=29119 |website=ArtNexus |accessdate=10 March 2019}}</ref> These photographs range in dates from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Through these collections Errazuriz looks at the different aspects of being human through the lens of her camera.

This book also includes a collection called ''Agents and Spaces of Social Change''. This collection featured the oppression that Chile was facing during the dictatorship, and the progression of it getting better and sometimes worse. This collection contains black and white photographs taken in the ranges from the lates 1970s to the early 2000s. Errazuriz was trying to show the different aspects of people's lives during the time of the dictatorship. <ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Errazuriz |first1=Paz |last2=Mosquera |first2=Gerardo |title=Paz Errazuriz |date=2016 |publisher=Aperture |isbn=1597113549 |pages=70-89}}</ref>


== Collections ==
== Collections ==

Her work has been collected by the [[Museum of Modern Art]],<ref name="MoMA">{{cite web |title=Paz Errázuriz. Evelyn. 1981 {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/203454 |website=www.moma.org |accessdate=31 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref> [[Tate]],<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Adam’s Apple’, Paz Errazuriz, 1983, printed 2008 {{!}} Tate |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/errazuriz-adams-apple-118715 |website=Tate |accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> and the [[Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Cabezas comparte con el público su mirada entorno a una obra de la Colección - Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes |url=http://www.mnba.cl/sitio/Contenido/Noticias/35296:Carlos-Cabezas-comparte-con-el-publico-su-mirada-entorno-a-una-obra-de-la-Coleccion |website=Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes |accessdate=31 May 2018 |language=es-LA}}</ref>
Her work has been collected by the [[Museum of Modern Art]],<ref name="MoMA">{{cite web |title=Paz Errázuriz. Evelyn. 1981 {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/203454 |website=www.moma.org |accessdate=31 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref> [[Tate]],<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Adam’s Apple’, Paz Errazuriz, 1983, printed 2008 {{!}} Tate |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/errazuriz-adams-apple-118715 |website=Tate |accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> and the [[Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Cabezas comparte con el público su mirada entorno a una obra de la Colección - Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes |url=http://www.mnba.cl/sitio/Contenido/Noticias/35296:Carlos-Cabezas-comparte-con-el-publico-su-mirada-entorno-a-una-obra-de-la-Coleccion |website=Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes |accessdate=31 May 2018 |language=es-LA}}</ref>

==Style and Influences==

The photography of Paz Errazuriz looks at different aspects of human life. She has been doing photography for a little over forty years. She more specifically looked at the daily life of citizens in the city of [[Chile]] during the political regime. She is drawn to capture populations that are marginalized and were affected by the government during the 70s and 80s. She wanted to capture what their experience was like whether it was daily life or social movements. She captured photos of lower class status citizens in Chilean society during this distressful period in history.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aliaga |first1=Juan |title=Paz Errazuriz |date=2016 |publisher=Aperture |isbn=1597113549 |page=10}}</ref>

Errazuriz always made sure to have her camera in hand when in public places because she wanted to document the circumstances that Chile was experiencing during the time period of most of her photographs. It was not acceptable at this time for women to be taking pictures on the streets of Chile during the time of the dictatorship, so for Errazuriz to be doing so it was a bold statement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mosquera |first1=Gerardo |title=Paz Errazuriz |date=March 22, 2016 |publisher=Aperture |isbn=1597113549 |page=11 |}}</ref> Physically taking pictures with a camera was a symbolic statement for standing up against the military regime during this time. Errazuriz was personally effected by the [[Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)]] at this time. Her own house was raided by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations_in_Pinochet%27s_Chile Pinochet Police] in 1973
<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mosquera |first1=Gerardo |title=Paz Errazuriz |date=March 22, 2016 |publisher=Aperture |isbn=1597113549 |page=11 |}}</ref>, so she understood personally the circumstances of this period in history. Errazuriz made a statement about taking photos during the time of the dictatorship saying, "'The need to photograph was a constant, but one had to be extremely careful' – Paz Errazuriz".<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Howard |first1=Ellie |title=How one woman used her camera to defy a dictatorship |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/36622/1/how-paz-errazuriz-used-her-camera-to-defy-a-chilean-dictatorship |website=DAZED |accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref>


== Publications ==
== Publications ==

Revision as of 17:27, 11 March 2019

Paz Errázuriz Körner
Born (1944-02-02) February 2, 1944 (age 80)
Santiago
NationalityChilean[1]
EducationCambridge Institute of Education, England

BA in Education from the Catholic University of Chile

Self taught in Photography[2]
Alma materPontifical Catholic University of Chile
Websitewww.pazerrazuriz.com

Paz Errázuriz (born 2 February 1944 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean photographer. Errazuriz documented marginalized communities such as sex workers, psychiatric patients and circus performers during the military dictatorship of Chile.[3][4] Errázuriz's has said about her work: ‘They are topics that society doesn’t look at, and my intention is to encourage people to dare to look’.[4] She is the co-founder of the Association of Independent Photographers (AFI)[5]

She is also a collaborator for the magazine Apsi and of diverse press agencies.[6] She is known for her work in marginalized communities. Errazuriz goes on to say about her work: "...what I photograph has to do with people who are not at the center, who stand outside and have always been subordinated to power".[7] Errazuriz began her career in the 1970s, and ever since she has been a voice for subordinate groups in society, more specifically, Chile.[8]

She was a primary school at the time when she started her photography, and was slowly taking pictures 'under the radar'. [9]

Artworks

Errazuriz has put out multiple collections that includes Sex, Instrument of Survival, which was published in her 2016 book Paz Errazuriz, which contains multiple collections of her works.[10] The photographs featured in Sex, Instrument of Survival were taken from several of her more specific collections, specifically Adam's apple, Brothels, and Dolls: Chile-Peru border.[10] Also known as La Manzana de Adán, Adam's apple is a collection of photographs taken from 1982 through 1987 and depicts cross-dressing male prostitutes working in brothels located in Santiago and Talca, Chile.[11] Many of the people who were photographed in this collection feared for their life, as homosexuality was deemed particularly unacceptable and shameful during this time in Chilean history. This made cross-dressing a stressful and dangerous thing for these male prostitutes to do, despite them seeing it as an outward expression of their true selves. Errazuriz used the medium of photography to show the marginalization of this population. [11]

Another collection of photographs by Errazuriz are her collection Impediments of the Gaze, which was published in her 2016 book as well called, Paz Errazuriz.[10] The pictures featured in this collection were taken from her series called, Blindness and Blinding Light. In this series Errazuriz wanted to highlight the conditions of being blind and a condition called achromatopsia. She specifically showcased these conditions as a metaphor to most of her work being black and white. [12] This work was done in 2003 in Chile. In the series Stages of Life (And Death) Errazuriz displays photographs of children and elderly individuals to showcase the different stages of life and death. [13] These photographs range in dates from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Through these collections Errazuriz looks at the different aspects of being human through the lens of her camera.

This book also includes a collection called Agents and Spaces of Social Change. This collection featured the oppression that Chile was facing during the dictatorship, and the progression of it getting better and sometimes worse. This collection contains black and white photographs taken in the ranges from the lates 1970s to the early 2000s. Errazuriz was trying to show the different aspects of people's lives during the time of the dictatorship. [10]

Collections

Her work has been collected by the Museum of Modern Art,[14] Tate,[15] and the Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts[16]

Style and Influences

The photography of Paz Errazuriz looks at different aspects of human life. She has been doing photography for a little over forty years. She more specifically looked at the daily life of citizens in the city of Chile during the political regime. She is drawn to capture populations that are marginalized and were affected by the government during the 70s and 80s. She wanted to capture what their experience was like whether it was daily life or social movements. She captured photos of lower class status citizens in Chilean society during this distressful period in history.[17]

Errazuriz always made sure to have her camera in hand when in public places because she wanted to document the circumstances that Chile was experiencing during the time period of most of her photographs. It was not acceptable at this time for women to be taking pictures on the streets of Chile during the time of the dictatorship, so for Errazuriz to be doing so it was a bold statement.[18] Physically taking pictures with a camera was a symbolic statement for standing up against the military regime during this time. Errazuriz was personally effected by the Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990) at this time. Her own house was raided by the Pinochet Police in 1973 [19], so she understood personally the circumstances of this period in history. Errazuriz made a statement about taking photos during the time of the dictatorship saying, "'The need to photograph was a constant, but one had to be extremely careful' – Paz Errazuriz".[11]

Publications

  • Parra, Photographs by Paz Errázuriz Texts by Marco Antonio de la; Meiselas, Ariel Dorfman. Edited with Susan; et al. (1990). Chile from within, 1973-1988 (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 9780393306538. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |first1= (help)
  • Amalia (children's story, text and photographs by Paz Errázuriz), Santiago 1973 ISBN 9789568377458 [20]

Exhibitions

  • 2015 56th Venice Biennale, Venice, Chilean Pavilion
  • 2018 Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, Radical Women: Latin American Art, 1960–1985

Awards

References

  1. ^ Hopkinson, Amanda (1992). Desires and disguises : five Latin American photographers. London: Serpent's Tail. p. 29. ISBN 9781852422806.
  2. ^ Hopkinson, Amanda (1992). Desires and disguises : five Latin American photographers. London: Serpent's Tail. p. 78. ISBN 9781852422806.
  3. ^ Gotthardt, Alexxa (23 May 2018). "11 Radical Latin American Women Artists You Should Know". Artsy. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Paz Errázuriz: the woman who dared to defy the Pinochet regime – in pictures". The Guardian. 7 January 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Fotógrafa Paz Errázuriz es el Premio Nacional de Artes Plásticas 2017 - Cooperativa.cl". Cooperativa.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  6. ^ Errazuriz, Paz. "BIOGRAPHY". Paz Errazuriz. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  7. ^ Errazuriz, Paz; Mosquera, Gerardo (March 22, 2016). Paz Errazuriz. Aperture. p. 10. ISBN 1597113549.
  8. ^ Mosquera, Gerardo; Errazuriz, Paz (March 22, 2016). Paz Errazuriz. Aperture. p. 3. ISBN 1597113549.
  9. ^ Howard, Ellie. "How one woman used her camera to defy a dictatorship". DAZED. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d Errazuriz, Paz; Mosquera, Gerardo (2016). Paz Errazuriz. Aperture. pp. 170–213. ISBN 1597113549. Cite error: The named reference ":2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c Howard, Ellie. "How one woman used her camera to defy a dictatorship". DAZED. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  12. ^ "Exhibition: Paz Errázuriz". ArtNexus. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  13. ^ "Exhibition: Paz Errázuriz". ArtNexus. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  14. ^ "Paz Errázuriz. Evelyn. 1981 | MoMA". www.moma.org. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  15. ^ "'Adam's Apple', Paz Errazuriz, 1983, printed 2008 | Tate". Tate. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  16. ^ "Carlos Cabezas comparte con el público su mirada entorno a una obra de la Colección - Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes". Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  17. ^ Aliaga, Juan (2016). Paz Errazuriz. Aperture. p. 10. ISBN 1597113549.
  18. ^ Mosquera, Gerardo (March 22, 2016). Paz Errazuriz. Aperture. p. 11. ISBN 1597113549. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  19. ^ Mosquera, Gerardo (March 22, 2016). Paz Errazuriz. Aperture. p. 11. ISBN 1597113549. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  20. ^ Errázuriz, Paz (2013). Amalia. Historia de una gallin. Av. Francisco Bilbao 2888, Providencia, Región Metropolitana, Chile: SERVICIOS EDITORIALES Y EDUCATIVOS LTDA. ISBN 9789568377458.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  21. ^ Dazed (2017-07-13). "How one woman used her camera to defy a dictatorship". Dazed. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  22. ^ "Chilean Photographer Paz Errázuriz Wins Important Spanish Photography Award | This is Chile". www.thisischile.cl. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
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