Draft:Manufacturing of the International Space Station: Difference between revisions
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* [[Cold rolling]] |
* [[Cold rolling]] |
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* Computer-aided [[welding]] |
* Computer-aided [[welding]] |
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| [[File: |
| [[File:Unity and STS-88 crew members.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Zvezda (ISS module)|''Zvezda'']] (Service Module)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/sm.html|title=Zvezda Service Module|publisher=NASA|date=11 March 2009|accessdate=2009-03-11| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090323030726/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/sm.html| archivedate= 23 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
| [[Zvezda (ISS module)|''Zvezda'']] (Service Module)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/sm.html|title=Zvezda Service Module|publisher=NASA|date=11 March 2009|accessdate=2009-03-11| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090323030726/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/sm.html| archivedate= 23 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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*[[Sheet metal]] [[cold rolling]] |
*[[Sheet metal]] [[cold rolling]] |
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*[[Electroforming]] |
*[[Electroforming]] |
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| [[File: |
| [[File:Zvezda Service Module under construction.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Integrated Truss Structure#Z1 truss|Z1 Truss]] & [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|PMA]]-3 |
| [[Integrated Truss Structure#Z1 truss|Z1 Truss]] & [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|PMA]]-3 |
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* [[Ad Astra Rocket Company]] |
* [[Ad Astra Rocket Company]] |
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| [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] |
| [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Operations and Checkout Building]] |
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| |
| |
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*[[Steel]] |
*[[Steel]] |
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*[[Investment Casting]] |
*[[Investment Casting]] |
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*[[Photovoltaic system|Photovoltaic]] assembly |
*[[Photovoltaic system|Photovoltaic]] assembly |
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| [[File: |
| [[File:S6 Truss at SSPF.jpg|110px]] |
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[[File:S6 Truss move to payload cannister.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Destiny (ISS module)|''Destiny'']] (US Laboratory)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/destiny.html|title=US Destiny Laboratory|date=26 March 2007|accessdate=2007-06-26|publisher = NASA| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070709153924/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/destiny.html| archivedate= 9 July 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
| [[Destiny (ISS module)|''Destiny'']] (US Laboratory)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/destiny.html|title=US Destiny Laboratory|date=26 March 2007|accessdate=2007-06-26|publisher = NASA| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070709153924/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/destiny.html| archivedate= 9 July 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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*[[Aluminum]] |
*[[Aluminum]] |
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*[[Kevlar]] |
*[[Kevlar]] |
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| 1997 |
| December 12, 1997 |
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| 14,515 |
| 14,515 |
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| |
| |
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*Robotic assembly |
*Robotic assembly |
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| [[File:STS-114 Steve Robinson on Canadarm2.jpg|110px]] |
| [[File:STS-114 Steve Robinson on Canadarm2.jpg|110px]] |
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[[File:Pitch Roll Joint PRJ.png|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Quest Joint Airlock|''Quest'']] (Joint Airlock)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/eva/outside.html|title=Space Station Extravehicular Activity|accessdate=2009-03-11|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=4 April 2004| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090403213449/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/eva/outside.html| archivedate= 3 April 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
| [[Quest Joint Airlock|''Quest'']] (Joint Airlock)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/eva/outside.html|title=Space Station Extravehicular Activity|accessdate=2009-03-11|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=4 April 2004| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090403213449/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/eva/outside.html| archivedate= 3 April 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Canadarm2#Mobile Base System|Mobile Base System]] |
| [[Canadarm2#Mobile Base System|Mobile Base System]] |
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| [[NASA]] |
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| UF2 |
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*[[Northrop Grumman]] |
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| 2002-06-05 |
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*[[MD Robotics]] |
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| {{OV|105}} ([[STS-111]]) |
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| [[Northrop Grumman]] factory in [[Carpinteria, CA]] |
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| 5.7 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| |
| |
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*[[Stainless Steel]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
*[[Titanium]] |
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| 2001 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
*[[Gas tungsten arc welding|TIG Welding]] |
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*[[Hot rolling]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P1, S1 trusses|S1 Truss]] and Radiators |
| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P1, S1 trusses|S1 Truss]] and Radiators |
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*Sheet metal [[titanium]] |
*Sheet metal [[titanium]] |
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| November 21, 2006 |
| November 21, 2006 |
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| 4.6 |
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| 14,120 |
| 14,120 |
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| |
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*[[Hot rolling]] |
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*[[Investment casting]] |
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*[[Forging]] |
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*[[Gas tungsten arc welding|TIG Welding]] |
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*[[Friction welding]] |
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| [[File:Heat Rejection System (HRS) Radiator.jpg|110px]] |
| [[File:Heat Rejection System (HRS) Radiator.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P1, S1 trusses|P1 Truss]] |
| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P1, S1 trusses|P1 Truss]] and Radiators |
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| [[NASA]] |
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| 11A |
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*[[Lockheed Martin]] |
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| 2002-11-23 |
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|[[Michoud Assembly Facility]] |
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| {{OV|105}} ([[STS-113]]) |
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| |
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| ⚫ | |||
*[[Stainless steel]] |
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| 14,000 |
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*Sheet metal [[titanium]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ''same as S1 Truss'' |
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| [[File:ISS Truss structure.jpg|110px]] |
| [[File:ISS Truss structure.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[External Stowage Platform|ESP]]-2 |
| [[External Stowage Platform|ESP]]-2 |
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| [[NASA]] |
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| LF1 |
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* Airbus DS Space Systems |
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| ⚫ | |||
| [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] |
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| {{OV|103}} ([[STS-114]]) |
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| |
| |
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*[[Steel]] |
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*[[Titanium]] |
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| October 2005 |
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| 2,676 |
| 2,676 |
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| |
| |
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*[[Punch cutting]] |
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| [[File:STS-114 External Storage Platform 2 crop.jpg|80px]] |
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*[[Hot rolling]] |
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*[[Automated welding]] |
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| [[File:03 NTA.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P3/P4, S3/S4 truss assemblies|P3/P4 Truss & Solar Arrays]]<ref name="boeing-pdf" >{{Cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/components/docs/P3-P4.pdf|format=pdf|title=P3 and P4 to expand station capabilities, providing a third and fourth solar array|publisher=Boeing|date=July 2006|accessdate=2007-12-02}}</ref> |
| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P3/P4, S3/S4 truss assemblies|P3/P4 Truss & Solar Arrays]]<ref name="boeing-pdf" >{{Cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/components/docs/P3-P4.pdf|format=pdf|title=P3 and P4 to expand station capabilities, providing a third and fourth solar array|publisher=Boeing|date=July 2006|accessdate=2007-12-02}}</ref> |
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| [[NASA]] |
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| 12A |
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* [[Lockheed Martin]] |
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| 2006-09-09 |
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* [[Boeing]] |
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| {{OV|104}} ([[STS-115]]) |
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* [[Alcoa]] |
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| 13.8 |
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| [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Operations and Checkout Building]] |
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| |
| |
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''Truss'' |
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*[[Stainless steel]] |
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*[[Titanium]] |
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''Solar Arrays'' |
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*[[Crystalline silicon]] |
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*[[Shape-memory alloy]] |
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*[[Copper indium gallium diselenide]] |
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*[[Nylon]] |
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*[[Polyethylene terephthalate]] |
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|2005/06 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| |
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*[[Hot rolling]] |
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*Aluminum [[extrusion]] |
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*[[Investment Casting]] |
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*[[Photovoltaic system|Photovoltaic]] assembly |
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| [[File:S4 truss.jpg|110px]] |
| [[File:S4 truss.jpg|110px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 15,900 (JEM-PM) |
| 15,900 (JEM-PM) |
||
| |
| |
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| [[File: |
| [[File:JAXA Kibo 001.jpg|80px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P6, S6 trusses|S6 Truss & Solar Arrays]] |
| [[Integrated Truss Structure#P6, S6 trusses|S6 Truss & Solar Arrays]] |
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Revision as of 23:21, 20 April 2019
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Last edited by Raphael.concorde (talk | contribs) 5 years ago. (Update) |
The project to create the International Space Station required the utilization and/or construction of new and existing manufacturing facilities around the world, mostly in the United States and Europe. The agencies overseeing the manufacturing involved NASA, Roscosmos, the European Space Agency, JAXA, and the Canadian Space Agency. Hundreds of contractors[1] working for the five space agencies were assigned the task of fabricating the modules, trusses, experiments and other hardware elements for the station, and launching them individually in modular segments for the in-orbit assembly.
The fact that the project involved the co-operation of fifteen countries working together created engineering challenges that had to be overcome: most notably the differences in language, culture and politics, but also engineering processes, management, measuring standards and communication; to ensure that all elements connect together and function according to plan. The ISS agreement program also called for the station components to be made highly durable and versatile - as it is intended to be used by astronauts indefinitely. A series of new engineering and manufacturing processes and equipment were developed, and shipments of steel, aluminum and other materials were needed for the construction of the space station components.[2]
Factories
List of manufacturing facilities used in the construction and fabrication of the International Space Station modular components:
- George C. Marshall Space Flight Center — Node 1, US lab, the Quest airlock and the Solar arrays
- Michoud Assembly Facility — US lab, and the truss sections
- Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center — Zarya, Zvezda, Pirs and Poisk, Nauka, and the Rassvet module.
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) — Columbus
- Thales Alenia Space factory – Node 2, Node 3 and the Cupola
- Tanegashima Space Center and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science — The Japanese Experiment Module and the external facility
- MDA Space Missions — Canadarm-2
All modules and sections are transported to these buildings except the Russian modules Zarya, Zvezda, Pirs and Poisk.
Manufacturing Information and Processes
A variety of manufacturing processes were used for each of the components of the space station.
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References
- ^ https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/International_Space_Station/Companies_involved_with_ISS
- ^ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/integrated-truss-structure
- ^ Wade, Mark (15 July 2008). "ISS Zarya". Encyclopaedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Unity Connecting Module: Cornerstone for a Home in Orbit" (PDF). NASA. January 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Zvezda Service Module". NASA. 11 March 2009. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "US Destiny Laboratory". NASA. 26 March 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/images/content/402222main_Techs_working_on_ELC_1019.jpg
- ^ "Space Station Extravehicular Activity". NASA. 4 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Space Station Assembly: Integrated Truss Structure". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "P3 and P4 to expand station capabilities, providing a third and fourth solar array" (pdf). Boeing. July 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
- ^ "STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATION…BUILD THE FUTURE" (PDF). NASA PAO. July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Columbus laboratory". ESA. 10 January 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "About Kibo". JAXA. 25 September 2008. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Kibo Japanese Experiment Module". NASA. 23 November 2007. Archived from the original on 23 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Zak, Anatoly. "Docking Compartment-1 and 2". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Bergin, Chris (9 November 2009). "Russian module launches via Soyuz for Thursday ISS docking". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "NASA Extends Contract With Russia's Federal Space Agency" (Press release). NASA. 9 April 2007. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
{{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "NASA to Test Bigelow Expandable Module on Space Station". NASA. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ Frommert, Hartmut (8 December 2018). "International Space Station Flight Schedule". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
- ^ Pietrobon, Steven (19 January 2019). "United States Commercial ELV Launch Manifest". Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ http://nanoracks.com/nanoracks-adds-thales-alenia-space-to-airlock/
- ^ "FGB-based Multipurpose Lab Module (MLM)". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Centre. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
- ^ Pietrobon, Steven (8 February 2019). "Russian Launch Manifest". Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Рогозин — РБК: "Формула "космос вне политики" не работает"" [Rogozin to RBC: The "cosmos out of politics" formula does not work]. RBC.ru (in Russian). 10 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
