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[[File:DMZ1.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the Demilitarized Zone]]
[[File:DMZ1.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the Demilitarized Zone]]
[[File:17th para taken from N of river.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Photo taken from the north side of the DMZ at the Route 1 crossing. The [[guard tower]] on the left is a re-creation and spires seen in the distance through the arch are a new monument.]]
[[File:17th para taken from N of river.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Photo taken from the north side of the DMZ at the Route 1 crossing. The [[guard tower]] on the left is a re-creation and spires seen in the distance through the arch are a new monument.]]
The '''Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone''' was a [[demilitarized zone]] established by the United States as a dividing line between [[North Vietnam|North]] and America's newly created [[South Vietnam].
The '''Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone''' was a [[demilitarized zone]] established as a dividing line between [[North Vietnam|North]] and [[South Vietnam]] as a result of the [[First Indochina War]].


During the [[Vietnam War]], it became important as the battleground demarcation separating North from South Vietnamese territories.
During the [[Vietnam War]], it became important as the battleground demarcation separating North from South Vietnamese territories.
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{{main article|First Indochina War}}
{{main article|First Indochina War}}


The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in [[French Indochina]] from 1946 through 1954 between [[France]] and the French-controlled [[State of Vietnam]] on the one side, and the [[Communism|Communist-dominated]] independence movement, the [[Viet Minh]], on the other. The Viet Minh won the war, gaining effective control of all northern Vietnam.
The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in [[French Indochina]] from 1946 through 1954 between [[France]] and the French-controlled [[State of Vietnam]] on the one side, and the [[Communism|Communist-dominated]] independence movement, the [[Viet Minh]], on the other. The Viet Minh won the war, gaining effective control of all northern Vietnam except an enclave around [[Hanoi]].


In 1954, France lost control of Vietnam, and the Viet Minh was recognized as the government of Vietnam after Ho Chi Mihn won the 1956 national elections. The American CIA refused to accept this result and created a puppet government known as South Vietnam.
In 1954, France gave up its control of Vietnam, and the Viet Minh was recognized as the government of northern Vietnam.


==Establishing the DMZ==
==Establishing the DMZ==
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[[File:DMZ March, 1968.jpg|thumb|300px|The Demilitarized Zone between North and South Vietnam, March, 1968, looking west toward Laos.]]
[[File:DMZ March, 1968.jpg|thumb|300px|The Demilitarized Zone between North and South Vietnam, March, 1968, looking west toward Laos.]]


The Geneva agreement reflected the military results at that time. The northern part of Vietnam, which was almost entirely controlled by the Viet Minh became the [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]], under [[Communist]] leader [[Ho Chi Minh]]. The southern part of Vietnam, where the Viet Minh controlled remote areas, became the independent State of Vietnam under [[Bảo Đại]], the last scion of the old Vietnamese imperial house. The State of Vietnam later became the [[South Vietnam|Republic of Vietnam]].
The Geneva agreement reflected the military results at that time. The northern part of Vietnam, which was almost entirely controlled by the Viet Minh became the [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]], under [[Communist]] leader [[Ho Chi Minh]]. The southern part of Vietnam, where the Viet Minh controlled relatively small and remote areas, became the independent State of Vietnam under [[Bảo Đại]], the last scion of the old Vietnamese imperial house. The State of Vietnam later became the [[South Vietnam|Republic of Vietnam]].


The boundary between these two zones was established by the United States alone at the [[Ben Hai River]], which enters the [[South China Sea]] at 17 degrees 0 minutes 54 seconds N latitude. The boundary followed the Ben Hai to its headwaters, about 55 km WSW, and thence to the [[Laos|Laotian]] border. It was not recognized by the government of Vietnam led by Ho Chi Mihn who was elected in 1956.
The boundary between these two zones was established at the [[Ben Hai River]], which enters the [[South China Sea]] at 17 degrees 0 minutes 54 seconds N latitude. The boundary followed the Ben Hai to its headwaters, about 55 km WSW, and thence to the [[Laos|Laotian]] border.


The area within 5&nbsp;km on either side of the border was declared to be a demilitarized zone. Troops of both governments were barred from this area by American decree. 3rd Marine Division intelligence estimated the combat strength of NVA and VC forces in the DMZ area in January 1968 was 40,943 troops.<ref>Pike, COL Thomas F., Military Records, February 1968, 3rd Marine Division: The Tet Offensive, p. 115, {{ISBN|978-1-481219-46-4}}. NVA and VC Order of Battle information is located on pages 114-127.</ref>
The area within 5&nbsp;km on either side of the border was declared to be a demilitarized zone. Troops of both governments were barred from this area. 3rd Marine Division intelligence estimated the combat strength of NVA and VC forces in the DMZ area in January 1968 was 40,943 troops.<ref>Pike, COL Thomas F., Military Records, February 1968, 3rd Marine Division: The Tet Offensive, p. 115, {{ISBN|978-1-481219-46-4}}. NVA and VC Order of Battle information is located on pages 114-127.</ref>


==Tourism==
==Tourism==

Revision as of 17:41, 31 August 2019

Map of the Demilitarized Zone
Photo taken from the north side of the DMZ at the Route 1 crossing. The guard tower on the left is a re-creation and spires seen in the distance through the arch are a new monument.

The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone was a demilitarized zone established as a dividing line between North and South Vietnam as a result of the First Indochina War.

During the Vietnam War, it became important as the battleground demarcation separating North from South Vietnamese territories.

The zone ceased to exist with the reunification of Vietnam, though the area remains dangerous due to the numerous undetonated explosives it contains.

Geography

The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone ran from east-west near the center of present-day Vietnam (spanning more than a hundred kilometers) and was a couple of kilometers wide, about a hundred kilometers north of the city of Huế. It ran along the Ben Hai River for much of its length, and an island nearby was controlled by North Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War. Although it was nominally described as being at "the 17th parallel," almost all of the zone lies to the south of the parallel, with only a small portion of the zone near the eastern end actually including the parallel.

The First Indochina War

Main article: First Indochina War

The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in French Indochina from 1946 through 1954 between France and the French-controlled State of Vietnam on the one side, and the Communist-dominated independence movement, the Viet Minh, on the other. The Viet Minh won the war, gaining effective control of all northern Vietnam except an enclave around Hanoi.

In 1954, France gave up its control of Vietnam, and the Viet Minh was recognized as the government of northern Vietnam.

Establishing the DMZ

The post-colonial conditions of Vietnam were set at the Geneva Conference of 1954; the agreement was finalized on July 21, 1954.

The Demilitarized Zone between North and South Vietnam, March, 1968, looking west toward Laos.

The Geneva agreement reflected the military results at that time. The northern part of Vietnam, which was almost entirely controlled by the Viet Minh became the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, under Communist leader Ho Chi Minh. The southern part of Vietnam, where the Viet Minh controlled relatively small and remote areas, became the independent State of Vietnam under Bảo Đại, the last scion of the old Vietnamese imperial house. The State of Vietnam later became the Republic of Vietnam.

The boundary between these two zones was established at the Ben Hai River, which enters the South China Sea at 17 degrees 0 minutes 54 seconds N latitude. The boundary followed the Ben Hai to its headwaters, about 55 km WSW, and thence to the Laotian border.

The area within 5 km on either side of the border was declared to be a demilitarized zone. Troops of both governments were barred from this area. 3rd Marine Division intelligence estimated the combat strength of NVA and VC forces in the DMZ area in January 1968 was 40,943 troops.[1]

Tourism

Exploring the Demilitarized Zone can today be comfortably achieved by joining one of various organised tours starting daily from Hué. Together with a local guide the most famous war settings, as Khe Sanh Combat Base, The Rockpile, Ho Chi Minh Trail, Doc-Mieu-Station or the Vinh Moc tunnels are visited on a full-day trip.

Although the Vietnam War ended decades ago, walking outside marked tracks can still be dangerous because of numerous unexploded ordnance devices.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Pike, COL Thomas F., Military Records, February 1968, 3rd Marine Division: The Tet Offensive, p. 115, ISBN 978-1-481219-46-4. NVA and VC Order of Battle information is located on pages 114-127.
  2. ^ Lonely Planet, ISBN 978-3-8297-1595-9.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for DMZ (Vietnam).

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