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'''Vaterite''' is a mineral, a [[polymorphism (materials science)|polymorph]] of [[calcium carbonate]] ([[calcium|Ca]][[carbon|C]][[oxygen|O]]<sub>3</sub>). It was named after the German mineralogist [[Heinrich Vater]]. It is also known as mu-[[calcium carbonate]] (μ-CaCO<sub>3</sub>) and has a [[JCPDS]] number of 13-192. Vaterite belongs to the [[hexagonal crystal system]], whereas calcite is [[trigonal]] and aragonite is [[orthorhombic]]. |
'''Vaterite''' is a mineral, a [[polymorphism (materials science)|polymorph]] of [[calcium carbonate]] ([[calcium|Ca]][[carbon|C]][[oxygen|O]]<sub>3</sub>). It was named after the German mineralogist [[Heinrich Vater]]. It is also known as mu-[[calcium carbonate]] (μ-CaCO<sub>3</sub>) and has a [[JCPDS]] number of 13-192. Vaterite belongs to the [[hexagonal crystal system]], whereas calcite is [[trigonal]] and aragonite is [[orthorhombic]]. |
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Vaterite, like [[aragonite]], is a [[metastable]] phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the earth. As it is less stable than either calcite or aragonite, vaterite has a higher [[solubility]] than either of these phases. Therefore, once vaterite is exposed to [[water]], it converts to [[calcite]] (at low temperature) or [[aragonite]] (at high temperature: ~60 °C). At 37 °C for example a solution-mediated transition from vaterite to calcite occurs, where the latter one dissolves and subsequently precipitates as calcite assisted by an [[Ostwald ripening]] process.<ref name=Zhou2010>{{cite journal | first1= Gen-Tao |last1=Zhou | first2=Qi-Zhi |last2=Yao | first3=Sheng-Quan |last3=Fu | first4=Ye-Bin |last4=Guan | url= http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/content/22/2/259| date=2010|title =Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic transition to stable calcite| doi= 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0022-2008 | journal= |
Vaterite, like [[aragonite]], is a [[metastable]] phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the earth. As it is less stable than either calcite or aragonite, vaterite has a higher [[solubility]] than either of these phases. Therefore, once vaterite is exposed to [[water]], it converts to [[calcite]] (at low temperature) or [[aragonite]] (at high temperature: ~60 °C). At 37 °C for example a solution-mediated transition from vaterite to calcite occurs, where the latter one dissolves and subsequently precipitates as calcite assisted by an [[Ostwald ripening]] process.<ref name=Zhou2010>{{cite journal | first1= Gen-Tao |last1=Zhou | first2=Qi-Zhi |last2=Yao | first3=Sheng-Quan |last3=Fu | first4=Ye-Bin |last4=Guan | url= http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/content/22/2/259| date=2010|title =Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic transition to stable calcite| doi= 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0022-2008 | journal= European Journal of Mineralogy|volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=259–269 |bibcode=2010EJMin..22..259Z }}</ref> |
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However, vaterite does occur naturally in [[mineral spring]]s, organic tissue, [[gallstone]]s, urinary calculi and plants. In those circumstances, some impurities ([[metal]] ions or organic matter) may stabilize the vaterite and prevent its transformation into calcite or aragonite. Vaterite is usually colorless, its shape is spherical, and its diameter is small, ranging from 0.05 to 5 μm. |
However, vaterite does occur naturally in [[mineral spring]]s, organic tissue, [[gallstone]]s, urinary calculi and plants. In those circumstances, some impurities ([[metal]] ions or organic matter) may stabilize the vaterite and prevent its transformation into calcite or aragonite. Vaterite is usually colorless, its shape is spherical, and its diameter is small, ranging from 0.05 to 5 μm. |
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Vaterite can be produced as the first mineral deposits repairing natural or experimentally-induced shell damage in some aragonite-shelled mollusks (e.g. gastropods). Subsequent shell deposition occurs as aragonite. In 2018, vaterite was identified as a constituent of a deposit formed on the leaves of ''[[Saxifraga]]'' at [[Cambridge University Botanic Garden]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Incredible discovery at |
Vaterite can be produced as the first mineral deposits repairing natural or experimentally-induced shell damage in some aragonite-shelled mollusks (e.g. gastropods). Subsequent shell deposition occurs as aragonite. In 2018, vaterite was identified as a constituent of a deposit formed on the leaves of ''[[Saxifraga]]'' at [[Cambridge University Botanic Garden]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Incredible discovery at Cambridge's Botanic Garden that could transform treatment of cancer|url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/botanic-garden-cambridge-vaterite-cancer-14399149|date=12 Mar 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312131958/https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/botanic-garden-cambridge-vaterite-cancer-14399149|archivedate=2018-03-12|newspaper=Cambridge News|author=Chris Elliott}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rare mineral discovered in plants for first time|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180305101631.htm|date=5 Mar 2018|website=Science Daily}}</ref> |
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[[File:Vaterite1-San Vito, Monte Somma, Italy.tif|thumb|left|Vaterites of the locality San Vito (Monte Somma, [[Italy]]) are microcrystalline with largest crystals below 2 mm size. This vaterite is epitactic after aragonite. The crystal contains triplet of aragonite inside of it. On its termination twin seams of aragonite triplet are well visible.]] |
[[File:Vaterite1-San Vito, Monte Somma, Italy.tif|thumb|left|Vaterites of the locality San Vito (Monte Somma, [[Italy]]) are microcrystalline with largest crystals below 2 mm size. This vaterite is epitactic after aragonite. The crystal contains triplet of aragonite inside of it. On its termination twin seams of aragonite triplet are well visible.]] |
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Revision as of 05:04, 27 January 2020
| Vaterite | |
|---|---|
 Vaterite from San Vito quarry, San Vito, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Italy | |
| General | |
| Category | Carbonate minerals |
| Formula (repeating unit) | CaCO3 |
| Strunz classification | 5.AB.20 |
| Crystal system | Hexagonal |
| Crystal class | Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6mmm) H-M symbol: (6/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Space group | P63/mmc {P63/m 2/m 2/c} |
| Unit cell | a = 4.13, c = 8.49 [Å]; Z = 6 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless |
| Crystal habit | Fine fibrous crystals, typically less than 0.1 mm, in spherulitic aggregates. |
| Fracture | Irregular to uneven, splintery |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 3 |
| Luster | Sub-vitreous, waxy |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to semi-transparent |
| Specific gravity | 2.54 |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.550 nε = 1.650 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.100 |
| References | [1][2][3] |
Vaterite is a mineral, a polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It was named after the German mineralogist Heinrich Vater. It is also known as mu-calcium carbonate (μ-CaCO3) and has a JCPDS number of 13-192. Vaterite belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, whereas calcite is trigonal and aragonite is orthorhombic.
Vaterite, like aragonite, is a metastable phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the earth. As it is less stable than either calcite or aragonite, vaterite has a higher solubility than either of these phases. Therefore, once vaterite is exposed to water, it converts to calcite (at low temperature) or aragonite (at high temperature: ~60 °C). At 37 °C for example a solution-mediated transition from vaterite to calcite occurs, where the latter one dissolves and subsequently precipitates as calcite assisted by an Ostwald ripening process.[4]
However, vaterite does occur naturally in mineral springs, organic tissue, gallstones, urinary calculi and plants. In those circumstances, some impurities (metal ions or organic matter) may stabilize the vaterite and prevent its transformation into calcite or aragonite. Vaterite is usually colorless, its shape is spherical, and its diameter is small, ranging from 0.05 to 5 μm.
Vaterite can be produced as the first mineral deposits repairing natural or experimentally-induced shell damage in some aragonite-shelled mollusks (e.g. gastropods). Subsequent shell deposition occurs as aragonite. In 2018, vaterite was identified as a constituent of a deposit formed on the leaves of Saxifraga at Cambridge University Botanic Garden.[5][6]
See also
References
- ^ Mindat.org
- ^ Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ Webmineral data
- ^ Zhou, Gen-Tao; Yao, Qi-Zhi; Fu, Sheng-Quan; Guan, Ye-Bin (2010). "Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic transition to stable calcite". European Journal of Mineralogy. 22 (2): 259–269. Bibcode:2010EJMin..22..259Z. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0022-2008.
- ^ Chris Elliott (12 Mar 2018). "Incredible discovery at Cambridge's Botanic Garden that could transform treatment of cancer". Cambridge News. Archived from the original on 2018-03-12.
- ^ "Rare mineral discovered in plants for first time". Science Daily. 5 Mar 2018.
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