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Carnivore diet, also called a "zero carb" diet,^[1] is a monotrophic diet that involves eating only meat. It has attracted criticism from nutritionists in regards to being potentially damaging to health, as well as various anecdotes and case studies claiming health benefits.

Diet

People following a carnivore diet consume only animal-based products like beef, pork, poultry, and seafood; and some may also eat eggs, dairy, and milk.^[2] They avoid anything plant-based such as fruits and vegetables.^[3]

Health implications

Proponents, who include Joe Rogan,^[4]^[5] Jordan Peterson,^[6] Shawn Baker^[7] and the like, have reported anecdotal successes of putting into remission medical conditions such as arthritis,^[8] fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, migraines, IBS and chronic mental illness^[9], as well as autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.^[10] Despite the positive anecdotes and case studies, carnivore diet has attracted criticism from nutritionists in regards to being potentially damaging to health.^[11]^[12]^[1]

In addition to personal anecdotes, there have been medical case studies as well. A variation of carnivore diet known as Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD), which emphasizes fat and organ meats,^[13] is reported to have successfully treated various cancers,^[14]^[15]^[16], including glioblastoma,^[17] Crohn's disease,^[18] Type 1 diabetes^[19] and childhood absence epilepsy^[20] in some patients.

The zoologist Matan Shelomi has said that a meat-only diet can be healthy as long as one eats organ meat, instead of just muscle and fat, so as to get a diverse set of vitamins and minerals.^[21]

In ethnic groups

The Inuit traditionally followed a carnivore diet―eating number of fatty meats such as seal, walrus, whale, caribou and fish, while rarely eating plant fiber. In addition, they ate "every part of the animal" (see offal) and some of it raw (raw meat).^[22] About a decade ago the Canadian explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson adopted an Inuit-style diet for five years, eating "steaks, chops, organ meats like brain and liver, poultry, fish, and fat with gusto".^[23]

The ethnic group native to northern arctic Russia, Nenets, ate mainly reindeer meat and fish.^[24]^[25]

References

^ ^a ^b R.D, Abby Langer. "I'm a Registered Dietitian and I Really Don't Want You to Eat a Carnivore Diet". SELF. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ "People Are Raving About the Results of the Carnivore Diet—but Is It Safe?". Shape. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Cooper, Edward (2018-08-16). "Everything You Need To Know About The Carnivore Diet". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Davies, Daniel (2020-01-06). "Joe Rogan Reveals He Will Be Following an All-meat Diet this January". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Davies, Daniel (2020-01-27). "Joe Rogan Reveals Following the Carnivore Diet Gave Him Severe Diarrhoea". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Hamblin, Story by James. "The Jordan Peterson All-Meat Diet". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Sutton, Malcolm (2019-12-05). "The beefed-up diet 'changing lives' but health experts not so sure". ABC News. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Cooper, Edward (2018-08-16). "Everything You Need To Know About The Carnivore Diet". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ "The Carnivore Diet for Mental Health?". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ "Former vegan angers YouTube fans after announcing switch to carnivore diet". The Independent. 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ "New 'carnivore diet' condemned by health and nutrition experts". The Independent. 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ "Here's What a Nutritionist Really Thinks About the Carnivore Diet". Health.com. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ Tóth, Csaba; Dabóczi, Andrea; Schimmer, Mária; Clemens, Zsofia (2018-02-13). Therapeutic protocol of Paleomedicina Hungary.
^ Clemens, Zsofia; Dabóczi, Andrea; Tóth, Csaba (2019-03-08). PALEOLITHIC KETOGENIC DIET (PKD) AS A STAND-ALONE THERAPY IN CANCER: CASE STUDIES.
^ Tóth, Csaba; Clemens, Zsófia (2017-08-19). "Treatment of Rectal Cancer with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A 24-months Follow-up". American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 5 (8): 205–216. doi:10.12691/ajmcr-5-8-3. ISSN 2374-2151.
^ Tóth, Csaba; Clemens, Zsófia (2016-09-14). "Halted Progression of Soft Palate Cancer in a Patient Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet Alone: A 20-months Follow-up". American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 4 (8): 288–292. doi:10.12691/ajmcr-4-8-8. ISSN 2374-2151.
^ Tóth, Csaba; Dabóczi, Andrea; Chanrai, Madhvi; Schimmer, Mária; Clemens, Zsofia (2019-12-09). 38-month long progression-free and symptom-free survival of a patient with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A case report of the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD) used as a stand-alone treatment after failed standard oncotherapy.
^ Tóth, Csaba; Dabóczi, Andrea; Howard, Mark; Miller, Nicholas J.; Clemens, Zsófia (2016-07-13). "Crohn's disease successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet". International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI). 7 (9): 570–578. doi:10.5348/ijcri-2016102-CR-10690. ISSN 0976-3198.
^ Tóth, Csaba; Clemens, Zsofia (2014-10-01). "Type 1 diabetes mellitus successfully managed with the paleolithic ketogenic diet". International Journal of Case Reports and Images. 5. doi:10.5348/ijcri-2014124-CR-10435.
^ Clemens, Zsófia; Kelemen, Anna; Fogarasi, András; Tóth, Csaba (2013-09-21). "Childhood Absence Epilepsy Successfully Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet". Neurology and Therapy. 2 (1–2): 71–76. doi:10.1007/s40120-013-0013-2. ISSN 2193-8253. PMC 4389034. PMID 26000218.
^ Quora. "How Humans Evolved To Be Natural Omnivores". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
^ "FYI: What Would Happen If I Ate Nothing But Meat?". Popular Science. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
^ "The Inuit Paradox". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
^ "They Migrate 800 Miles a Year. Now It's Getting Tougher". Magazine. 2017-10-02. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
^ "BBC - Tribe - Nenets". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-02-03.

[:0-1] R.D, Abby Langer. "I'm a Registered Dietitian and I Really Don't Want You to Eat a Carnivore Diet". SELF. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[2] "People Are Raving About the Results of the Carnivore Diet—but Is It Safe?". Shape. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[3] Cooper, Edward (2018-08-16). "Everything You Need To Know About The Carnivore Diet". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[4] Davies, Daniel (2020-01-06). "Joe Rogan Reveals He Will Be Following an All-meat Diet this January". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[5] Davies, Daniel (2020-01-27). "Joe Rogan Reveals Following the Carnivore Diet Gave Him Severe Diarrhoea". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[6] Hamblin, Story by James. "The Jordan Peterson All-Meat Diet". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[7] Sutton, Malcolm (2019-12-05). "The beefed-up diet 'changing lives' but health experts not so sure". ABC News. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[8] Cooper, Edward (2018-08-16). "Everything You Need To Know About The Carnivore Diet". Men's Health. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[9] "The Carnivore Diet for Mental Health?". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[10] "Former vegan angers YouTube fans after announcing switch to carnivore diet". The Independent. 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[11] "New 'carnivore diet' condemned by health and nutrition experts". The Independent. 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[12] "Here's What a Nutritionist Really Thinks About the Carnivore Diet". Health.com. Retrieved 2020-02-02.

[13] Tóth, Csaba; Dabóczi, Andrea; Schimmer, Mária; Clemens, Zsofia (2018-02-13). Therapeutic protocol of Paleomedicina Hungary.

[14] Clemens, Zsofia; Dabóczi, Andrea; Tóth, Csaba (2019-03-08). PALEOLITHIC KETOGENIC DIET (PKD) AS A STAND-ALONE THERAPY IN CANCER: CASE STUDIES.

[15] Tóth, Csaba; Clemens, Zsófia (2017-08-19). "Treatment of Rectal Cancer with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A 24-months Follow-up". American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 5 (8): 205–216. doi:10.12691/ajmcr-5-8-3. ISSN 2374-2151.

[16] Tóth, Csaba; Clemens, Zsófia (2016-09-14). "Halted Progression of Soft Palate Cancer in a Patient Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet Alone: A 20-months Follow-up". American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 4 (8): 288–292. doi:10.12691/ajmcr-4-8-8. ISSN 2374-2151.

[17] Tóth, Csaba; Dabóczi, Andrea; Chanrai, Madhvi; Schimmer, Mária; Clemens, Zsofia (2019-12-09). 38-month long progression-free and symptom-free survival of a patient with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A case report of the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD) used as a stand-alone treatment after failed standard oncotherapy.

[18] Tóth, Csaba; Dabóczi, Andrea; Howard, Mark; Miller, Nicholas J.; Clemens, Zsófia (2016-07-13). "Crohn's disease successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet". International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI). 7 (9): 570–578. doi:10.5348/ijcri-2016102-CR-10690. ISSN 0976-3198.

[19] Tóth, Csaba; Clemens, Zsofia (2014-10-01). "Type 1 diabetes mellitus successfully managed with the paleolithic ketogenic diet". International Journal of Case Reports and Images. 5. doi:10.5348/ijcri-2014124-CR-10435.

[20] Clemens, Zsófia; Kelemen, Anna; Fogarasi, András; Tóth, Csaba (2013-09-21). "Childhood Absence Epilepsy Successfully Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet". Neurology and Therapy. 2 (1–2): 71–76. doi:10.1007/s40120-013-0013-2. ISSN 2193-8253. PMC 4389034. PMID 26000218.

[21] Quora. "How Humans Evolved To Be Natural Omnivores". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-02-03.

[22] "FYI: What Would Happen If I Ate Nothing But Meat?". Popular Science. Retrieved 2020-02-03.

[23] "The Inuit Paradox". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2020-02-03.

[24] "They Migrate 800 Miles a Year. Now It's Getting Tougher". Magazine. 2017-10-02. Retrieved 2020-02-03.

[25] "BBC - Tribe - Nenets". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-02-03.

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 Proponents, who include [[Joe Rogan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.menshealth.com/uk/nutrition/a30414389/joe-rogan-carnivore-diet/|title=Joe Rogan Reveals He Will Be Following an All-meat Diet this January|last=Davies|first=Daniel|date=2020-01-06|website=Men's Health|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.menshealth.com/uk/nutrition/a30675936/joe-rogan-carnivore-diet-diarrhoea/|title=Joe Rogan Reveals Following the Carnivore Diet Gave Him Severe Diarrhoea|last=Davies|first=Daniel|date=2020-01-27|website=Men's Health|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> [[Jordan Peterson]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/08/the-peterson-family-meat-cleanse/567613/|title=The Jordan Peterson All-Meat Diet|last=Hamblin|first=Story by James|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2020-02-02|issn=1072-7825}}</ref> Shawn Baker<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-12-05/carnivore-diet-of-meat-and-water/11757396|title=The beefed-up diet 'changing lives' but health experts not so sure|last=Sutton|first=Malcolm|date=2019-12-05|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> and the like, have reported [[Anecdotal evidence|anecdotal]] successes of putting into [[Remission (medicine)|remission]] medical conditions such as [[arthritis]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.menshealth.co.uk/nutrition/a759401/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-carnivore-diet/|title=Everything You Need To Know About The Carnivore Diet|last=Cooper|first=Edward|date=2018-08-16|website=Men's Health|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> [[fibromyalgia]], [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|chronic fatigue]], [[Migraine|migraines]], [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] and chronic [[Mental disorder|mental illness]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/diagnosis-diet/201904/the-carnivore-diet-mental-health|title=The Carnivore Diet for Mental Health?|website=Psychology Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/vegan-youtube-carnivore-diet-alyse-parker-video-plant-based-animal-a9237381.html|title=Former vegan angers YouTube fans after announcing switch to carnivore diet|date=2019-12-07|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> Despite the positive anecdotes and case studies, carnivore diet has attracted criticism from [[Nutritionist|nutritionists]] in regards to being potentially damaging to health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/carnivore-diet-plan-results-meat-only-fad-nutrition-health-warning-a8489266.html|title=New 'carnivore diet' condemned by health and nutrition experts|date=2018-08-13|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.com/nutrition/carnivore-diet|title=Here’s What a Nutritionist Really Thinks About the Carnivore Diet|website=Health.com|language=EN|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
-In addition to personal anecdotes, there have been medical [[Case study|case studies]] as well. A variation of carnivore diet known as ''Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet'' (PKD), which emphasizes fat and organ meats,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323151200_Therapeutic_protocol_of_Paleomedicina_Hungary|title=Therapeutic protocol of Paleomedicina Hungary|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Schimmer|first3=Mária|last4=Clemens|first4=Zsofia|date=2018-02-13}}</ref> is reported to have successfully treated various [[cancer|cancers]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331812176_PALEOLITHIC_KETOGENIC_DIET_PKD_AS_A_STAND-ALONE_THERAPY_IN_CANCER_CASE_STUDIES|title=PALEOLITHIC KETOGENIC DIET (PKD) AS A STAND-ALONE THERAPY IN CANCER: CASE STUDIES|last=Clemens|first=Zsofia|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Tóth|first3=Csaba|date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Clemens|first2=Zsófia|date=2017-08-19|title=Treatment of Rectal Cancer with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A 24-months Follow-up|url=http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/5/8/3/index.html|journal=American Journal of Medical Case Reports|language=en|volume=5|issue=8|pages=205–216|doi=10.12691/ajmcr-5-8-3|issn=2374-2151}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Clemens|first2=Zsófia|date=2016-09-14|title=Halted Progression of Soft Palate Cancer in a Patient Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet Alone: A 20-months Follow-up|url=http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/4/8/8/index.html|journal=American Journal of Medical Case Reports|language=en|volume=4|issue=8|pages=288–292|doi=10.12691/ajmcr-4-8-8|issn=2374-2151}}</ref> [[Crohn's disease]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Howard|first3=Mark|last4=Miller|first4=Nicholas J.|last5=Clemens|first5=Zsófia|date=2016-07-13|title=Crohn's disease successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet|url=http://www.ijcasereportsandimages.com/archive/2016/009-2016-ijcri/CR-10690-09-2016-toth/index.php|journal=International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI)|language=en|volume=7|issue=9|pages=570–578|doi=10.5348/ijcri-2016102-CR-10690|issn=0976-3198}}</ref> [[Type 1 diabetes]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Clemens|first2=Zsofia|date=2014-10-01|title=Type 1 diabetes mellitus successfully managed with the paleolithic ketogenic diet|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267810000_Type_1_diabetes_mellitus_successfully_managed_with_the_paleolithic_ketogenic_diet|journal=International Journal of Case Reports and Images|volume=5|doi=10.5348/ijcri-2014124-CR-10435}}</ref> and [[childhood absence epilepsy]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clemens|first=Zsófia|last2=Kelemen|first2=Anna|last3=Fogarasi|first3=András|last4=Tóth|first4=Csaba|date=2013-09-21|title=Childhood Absence Epilepsy Successfully Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389034/|journal=Neurology and Therapy|volume=2|issue=1-2|pages=71–76|doi=10.1007/s40120-013-0013-2|issn=2193-8253|pmc=4389034|pmid=26000218}}</ref> in some patients.
+In addition to personal anecdotes, there have been medical [[Case study|case studies]] as well. A variation of carnivore diet known as ''Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet'' (PKD), which emphasizes fat and organ meats,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323151200_Therapeutic_protocol_of_Paleomedicina_Hungary|title=Therapeutic protocol of Paleomedicina Hungary|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Schimmer|first3=Mária|last4=Clemens|first4=Zsofia|date=2018-02-13}}</ref> is reported to have successfully treated various [[cancer|cancers]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331812176_PALEOLITHIC_KETOGENIC_DIET_PKD_AS_A_STAND-ALONE_THERAPY_IN_CANCER_CASE_STUDIES|title=PALEOLITHIC KETOGENIC DIET (PKD) AS A STAND-ALONE THERAPY IN CANCER: CASE STUDIES|last=Clemens|first=Zsofia|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Tóth|first3=Csaba|date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Clemens|first2=Zsófia|date=2017-08-19|title=Treatment of Rectal Cancer with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A 24-months Follow-up|url=http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/5/8/3/index.html|journal=American Journal of Medical Case Reports|language=en|volume=5|issue=8|pages=205–216|doi=10.12691/ajmcr-5-8-3|issn=2374-2151}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Clemens|first2=Zsófia|date=2016-09-14|title=Halted Progression of Soft Palate Cancer in a Patient Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet Alone: A 20-months Follow-up|url=http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/4/8/8/index.html|journal=American Journal of Medical Case Reports|language=en|volume=4|issue=8|pages=288–292|doi=10.12691/ajmcr-4-8-8|issn=2374-2151}}</ref>, including [[glioblastoma]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337832528_38-month_long_progression-free_and_symptom-free_survival_of_a_patient_with_recurrent_glioblastoma_multiforme_A_case_report_of_the_Paleolithic_Ketogenic_Diet_PKD_used_as_a_stand-alone_treatment_after_f|title=38-month long progression-free and symptom-free survival of a patient with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A case report of the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD) used as a stand-alone treatment after failed standard oncotherapy|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Chanrai|first3=Madhvi|last4=Schimmer|first4=Mária|last5=Clemens|first5=Zsofia|date=2019-12-09}}</ref> [[Crohn's disease]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Dabóczi|first2=Andrea|last3=Howard|first3=Mark|last4=Miller|first4=Nicholas J.|last5=Clemens|first5=Zsófia|date=2016-07-13|title=Crohn's disease successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet|url=http://www.ijcasereportsandimages.com/archive/2016/009-2016-ijcri/CR-10690-09-2016-toth/index.php|journal=International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI)|language=en|volume=7|issue=9|pages=570–578|doi=10.5348/ijcri-2016102-CR-10690|issn=0976-3198}}</ref> [[Type 1 diabetes]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tóth|first=Csaba|last2=Clemens|first2=Zsofia|date=2014-10-01|title=Type 1 diabetes mellitus successfully managed with the paleolithic ketogenic diet|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267810000_Type_1_diabetes_mellitus_successfully_managed_with_the_paleolithic_ketogenic_diet|journal=International Journal of Case Reports and Images|volume=5|doi=10.5348/ijcri-2014124-CR-10435}}</ref> and [[childhood absence epilepsy]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clemens|first=Zsófia|last2=Kelemen|first2=Anna|last3=Fogarasi|first3=András|last4=Tóth|first4=Csaba|date=2013-09-21|title=Childhood Absence Epilepsy Successfully Treated with the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389034/|journal=Neurology and Therapy|volume=2|issue=1-2|pages=71–76|doi=10.1007/s40120-013-0013-2|issn=2193-8253|pmc=4389034|pmid=26000218}}</ref> in some patients.
 The zoologist Matan Shelomi has said that a meat-only diet can be healthy as long as one eats [[Offal|organ meat]], instead of just muscle and fat, so as to get a diverse set of vitamins and minerals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/12/23/how-humans-evolved-to-be-natural-omnivores/|title=How Humans Evolved To Be Natural Omnivores|last=Quora|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref>

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Revision as of 04:01, 3 February 2020

Diet

Health implications

In ethnic groups

See also

References