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*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=wCWDCwAAQBAJ&dq|title=Verdugos: Asesinatos brutales y otras historias secretas de militares|last=Pérez|first=Ana Lilia|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México|year=2016|isbn=6073138652|location=|pages=|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=wCWDCwAAQBAJ&dq|title=Verdugos: Asesinatos brutales y otras historias secretas de militares|last=Pérez|first=Ana Lilia|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México|year=2016|isbn=6073138652|location=|pages=|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO6yDwAAQBAJ&newbks|title=Mexican cartels: an encyclopedia of Mexico's crime and drug wars|last=Marley|first=David|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2019|isbn=9781440864766|location=|pages=|oclc=1096213037|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO6yDwAAQBAJ&newbks|title=Mexican cartels: an encyclopedia of Mexico's crime and drug wars|last=Marley|first=David|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2019|isbn=9781440864766|location=|pages=|oclc=1096213037|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kent|first=Robert B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAGkCwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq|title=Latin America, Second Edition: Regions and People|publisher=[[Guilford Publications]]|year=2016|isbn=1462525520|ref=harv}}


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==

Revision as of 22:53, 31 March 2020

Template:Spanish name

Raúl Alberto Trejo Benavides
Born
Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
Died13 May 2002
Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Cause of deathGunshot wounds
Body discoveredMatamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico
NationalityMexican
Other names
  • Z-6
  • Z9-HK24
  • El Alvin
Employers
Criminal statusDeceased

Raúl Alberto Trejo Benavides (died 13 May 2002) was a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of Los Zetas, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Trejo Benavides served in the Mexican Army from 1991 to 1999, and was a member of the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), the army's special forces. He joined the Gulf Cartel under kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén after leaving the army, becoming one of the first members of its newly-formed paramilitary wing, Los Zetas. Like Trejo Benavides, most of the first members of Los Zetas were ex-military. Los Zetas was responsible for providing security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carrying out executions on the cartel's behalf.

In 2002, Trejo Benavides was mortally wounded in a shootout with rival gangsters in Monterrey. His comrades took his body to a hotel in Matamoros, where they abandoned it after arranging the corpse and the room to simulate a suicide. His death triggered disagreements between Los Zetas leader Arturo Guzmán Decena and Gulf Cartel boss Cárdenas Guillén. The Mexican government remained unaware that Trejo Benavides had died, and continued to issue charges against him along with other Zetas leaders. By 2009, a high-ranking Zetas member confessed to authorities that Trejo Benavides had been dead for several years.

Early life and career

Raúl Alberto Trejo Benavides was born in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.[1] He joined the Mexican Army on 3 May 1991, later becoming a member of the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), the army's special forces.[1][2] While with the GAFE, Trejo Benavides worked closely with the Federal Judicial Police (PJF), in their anti-narcotics unit.[a][3] During his service, Trejo Benavides reportedly received military and counter-drug training in the United States.[4]

Rather than retaining military reserve status or deserting without notice, Trejo Benavides requested voluntary removal from active duty and left the Mexican Armed Forces on 16 March 1999.[1][5] He then joined the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas. He became a member of the cartel's newly-created paramilitary group, known as Los Zetas, which was largely composed of ex-commandos. He was hired by cartel boss Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, and was given the nickname "El Alvin".[6][7] In Los Zetas, Trejo Benavides also used the code names "Z-6" and/or "Z9-HK24".[8][9]

When Trejo Benavides joined Los Zetas, the group's purpose was to provide security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carry out executions on the cartel's behalf. Trejo Benavides was one of the founding members of Los Zetas who was reportedly part of the Grupo de los 14 (English: Group of 14), who were the first fourteen Zetas members.[10][11] He was one of the most adept gunmen in the group.[12] Over the years, Los Zetas underwent organizational changes and became increasingly involved in other criminal activities alongside the Gulf Cartel, including drug trafficking.[13][14]

Injury and death

On 13 May 2002,[15] Trejo Benavides and nearly twenty other members of Los Zetas mounted an operation in Monterrey, Nuevo León to kidnap Dionisio Román García Sánchez ("El Chacho"),[15][16] a former state police officer and the head of a Nuevo Laredo-based smuggling group known as Los Chachos.[17] The commando was headed by Víctor Manuel Vázquez Mireles. They were acting on intelligence information provided by the police chief Arturo Pedroza Aguirre, who tipped off García Sánchez's location to Cárdenas Guillén and Los Zetas.[16] During the attack, rival gangster Juvenal Sánchez Torres ("El Juve") was killed, and Los Zetas successfully abducted García Sánchez from his home along with three of his alleged henchmen. García Sánchez was found dead later that day in Río Bravo, Tamaulipas.[18] Trejo Benavides was injured by García Sánchez's associates, and died from gunshot wounds after failing to receive medical attention. His comrades transported his corpse from Monterrey to Matamoros,[16] where they abandoned it in a hotel room.[12]

After learning that Trejo Benavides had died, his boss, Guzmán Decena, threatened Cárdenas Guillén. Reportedly, Guzmán Decena did not support the idea of having García Sánchez killed, and told Cárdenas Guillén, "Either you fix this problem of [García Sánchez] and [Trejo Benavides] or we will turn you in to the Army".[b] Cárdenas Guillén took the threat seriously, reportedly commissioning his lawyer, Galo Gaspar Pérez Canales, to help him use the press to present Trejo Benavides' death as suicide.[12] Several journalists helped the Gulf Cartel to fabricate the story. Cárdenas Guillén also received the support of the Tamaulipas State Police chief stationed in Matamoros, Plácido de Jesús Martínez Gutierréz.[12]

Investigation and reactions

Trejo Benavides' body was found at 3:00 p.m. when a hotel staff member entered the room for housekeeping after checkout time. His corpse was laid out on the bed, fully dressed, and holding a gun in his hand to indicate that he had committed suicide. Another hotel staff member stated that he did not know the name(s) of the individual(s) who had taken the room, that they had arrived by taxi, and that they did not look suspicious.[c] Local authorities found two identity documents on the body: a Tamaulipas university ID and a state driver's license, both in the name of Ramón Esparza Torres. El Bravo newspaper in Matamoros reported that the man was a professor, who had killed himself for sentimental reasons. The article was published in the police section, and the story circulated widely in Matamoros. The body was sent to a local funeral parlor, where a wake was held. Several organized crime members were in attendance. Los Zetas helped arrange transfer of the corpse to Tabasco, his home state.[12]

Guzmán Decena's death threats angered Cárdenas Guillén, who reportedly spoke to Los Zetas members Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano and Omar Lorméndez Pitalúa about plans to eliminate him. In November 2002, after learning that Guzmán Decena was at his girlfriend's home in Matamoros, Cárdenas Guillén reportedly called on the Mexican Army to arrest him. Guzmán Decena confronted the soldiers upon their arrival, and was killed by gunfire. After Guzmán Decena's death, Cárdenas Guillén granted greater freedom and concessions to Los Zetas. He allowed several members to join his inner security circle, and granted others permission to coordinate marijuana and cocaine operations in Nuevo Laredo and Miguel Alemán, Tamaulipas, two corridors previously under the Gulf Cartel's control.[12] Trejo Benavides' position in Los Zetas was taken over by Mellado Cruz, who was also a former GAFE.[19]

Bounty and charges

The Mexican government was unaware of Trejo Benavides' death for several years, and continued to issue charges against him.[12][20] On 18 June 2003, Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) placed an unspecified bounty on 31 members of Los Zetas, including Trejo Benavides.[21] Authorities stated that Trejo Benavides was "highly dangerous", given his military background and his suspected role in homicides, drug trafficking, kidnappings, and carjackings.[22] This announcement was made after the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO) identified him as a high-ranking member of Los Zetas following the 14 March arrest of Cárdenas Guillén.[23]

On 25 November 2006,[24] regional Mexican singer Valentín Elizalde was killed after playing at a concert in Reynosa.[25][26] According to investigators, he was killed for playing a narcocorrido called "A Mis Enemigos" ("To My Enemies"), whose lyrics made indirect antagonistic references to the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.[27] Investigators suspected that Trejo Benavides was part of the commando that shot Elizalde, and he accordingly became a suspect in the murder investigation along with his colleague Hernández Barrón.[28] By 2009, Mexican authorities learned that Trejo Benavides was dead when former Zetas member Mateo Díaz López ("Comandante Mateo") confessed that fact to investigators after viewing the mug shots of wanted Zetas members.[20]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Among his colleagues in the police force were Arturo Guzmán Decena, Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano, Ernesto Zatarain Vélez, Galindo Mellado Cruz, Miguel Ángel Soto Parra, Lucio Hernández Lechuga, Sergio Enrique Ruiz Tlapanco, Raúl Hernández Barrón, and Rogelio Guerra Ramírez, all of whom would later leave the military and become involved in organized crime.[3]
  2. ^ Direct quote: "O arreglas esta bronca de Dionisio y Alvín o te entregamos al Ejército."[12]
  3. ^ The article suggests that the hotel where Trejo Benavides was dropped off was a love motel, or short-term stay motel frequently used in Mexico for couples seeking privacy for sexual activity. Check-in at these hotels is usually anonymous.

References

  1. ^ a b c Grayson 2010, p. 291.
  2. ^ "Folio No. - Defensa Nacional" (PDF) (in Spanish). Secretariat of National Defense. May 2004. p. 70. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2018.
  3. ^ a b Veledíaz, Juan (15 May 2014). "La franquicia paramilitar se desmorona". Estado Mayor (in Spanish).
  4. ^ "Entrenados… para delinquir". Proceso (in Spanish). 18 December 2005. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019.
  5. ^ Pérez 2016, p. na.
  6. ^ "El sofisticado ejército del narco". Proceso (in Spanish). 18 January 2004. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019.
  7. ^ Castillo García, Gustavo (19 June 2003). "Revela la PGR la identidad de 31 ex militares miembros del cártel del Golfo". La Jornada (in Spanish).
  8. ^ Grayson 2012, p. 229.
  9. ^ Réyez, José (31 August 2009). "Las operaciones secretas del cártel del Golfo". Red Voltaire (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2017.
  10. ^ "El origen de 'Los Zetas': brazo armado del cártel del Golfo". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). Turner Broadcasting System. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  11. ^ Marley 2019, p. 280-281.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Blancornelas, Jesús (2003). "La PGR busca a un muerto". Diario de Monterrey (in Spanish). No. 303–310. OCLC 53858932.
  13. ^ Logan, Samuel (16 February 2012). "A Profile of Los Zetas: Mexico's Second Most Powerful Drug Cartel". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 26 August 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
  14. ^ Otero, Silvia; Aviles, Carlos (19 June 2003). "Recompensa por 31 exmilitares". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 September 2019.
  15. ^ a b García, Claudia (3 January 2003). "Y en NL, el narco... imparable". El Norte (in Spanish). Monterrey, Nuevo León: Editora El Sol, S.A. de C.V. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019.
  16. ^ a b c Blancornelas, J. Jesús (16 July 2002). "El comandante". La Crónica de Hoy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 September 2019.
  17. ^ "La guerra del narco por dentro". Dossier Político (in Spanish). 11 July 2005. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019.
  18. ^ Ramírez, José (15 May 2002). "Tenían 'Chacho' y 'Juve' cuentas pendientes en NL". El Norte (in Spanish). Monterrey, Nuevo León: Infoshare Communications Inc. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019.
  19. ^ Marley 2019, p. 281.
  20. ^ a b Reyez, José (6 September 2009). "El imperio del Lazca durante el foxismo". Contralínea (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 January 2019.
  21. ^ "La PGR ofrece recompensa por 31 narcotraficantes". La Crónica de Hoy (in Spanish). Notimex. 19 June 2003. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019.
  22. ^ "Ofrecen recompensa por asesinos a sueldo". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). 19 June 2003. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019.
  23. ^ "Ofrece PGR recompensa por exmilitares, sicarios de Osiel Cárdenas". Proceso (in Spanish). 18 June 2003. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019.
  24. ^ Sánchez, Martín (25 November 2006). "Matan al cantante Valentín Elizalde en Reynosa". La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 September 2019.
  25. ^ L. Guzmán, Julio Manuel (26 November 2006). "Asesinan a Valentín Elizalde en Reynosa". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 September 2019.
  26. ^ Tobar, Hector (26 November 2006). "Mexican pop star, associates gunned down". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019.
  27. ^ Gutiérrez, Noemí (27 November 2006). "Afirman que por una canción mataron a Valentín". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 January 2019.
  28. ^ "Detienen a presunto asesino de Valentín Elizalde". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). 26 March 2008. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019.

Bibliography

Further reading

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