Anal pore: Difference between revisions

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Diagram of a Ciliate with various cell structures (including anal pore) labelled

The anal pore or cytoproct is a structure in various single-celled eukaryotes where waste is ejected after the nutrients from food have been absorbed into the cytoplasm.^[1]

In ciliates, the anal pore (cytopyge) and cytostome are the only regions of the pellicle that are not covered by ridges, cilia or rigid covering. They serve as analogues of, respectively, the anus and mouth of multicellular organisms. The cytopyge's thin membrane allows vacuoles to be merged into the cell wall and emptied.^{[citation needed]}

Mechanisms:

Most of the ciliates are filter feeders, using a stream of water in order to trap food particles in the spaces between the cilia.
Digested food should be contained in food vacuoles, which initially decrease in size.
As the digestion happens, there is an increase in vacuoles which provide acidic environment in order to absorb food.
The digested food will be absorbed into cytoplasm.
The leftover food and waste eventually are ejected from anal pore.

References

^ Stuart Hogg (2005). "The Ciliates". Essential Microbiology (1 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471497547. Retrieved 16 January 2018.

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[1] Stuart Hogg (2005). "The Ciliates". Essential Microbiology (1 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471497547. Retrieved 16 January 2018.

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 In ciliates, the anal pore ('''cytopyge''') and [[cytostome]] are the only regions of the [[pellicle (biology)|pellicle]] that are not covered by ridges, [[cilium|cilia]] or rigid covering.  They serve as analogues of, respectively, the [[anus]] and [[mouth]] of multicellular organisms.  The cytopyge's thin membrane allows vacuoles to be merged into the cell wall and emptied.{{cn|date=March 2018}}
+Mechanisms:
+* Most of the ciliates are filter feeders, using a stream of water in order to trap food particles in the spaces between the cilia.
+* Digested food should be contained in food vacuoles, which initially decrease in size.
+* As the digestion happens, there is an increase in vacuoles which provide acidic environment in order to absorb food.
+* The digested food will be absorbed into cytoplasm.
+* The leftover food and waste eventually are ejected from anal pore.
 ==References==