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'''Gabrielle Borthwick''' (30 June 1866{{ndash}}10 October 1952), was a pioneering motorist and mechanic. She was one of the early wealthy women motorists to set up a garage and a school for teaching men and women to drive cars. She was chairman of the executive committee for the ''Women’s Automobile and Sports Association'' which was associated with the [[Royal Automobile Club]].<ref name="The IET - WES Vol 1">{{cite web|title=The Woman Engineer Vol 1|url=https://www2.theiet.org/resources/library/archives/research/wes/WES_Vol_1.html|last=|first=|date=|website=The IET|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref><ref name="The IET WES Vol 3">{{cite web|title=The Woman Engineer Vol 3|url=https://www2.theiet.org/resources/library/archives/research/wes/WES_Vol_3a.html|last=|first=|date=|website=The IET|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
'''Gabrielle Borthwick''' (June 30, 1866{{ndash}} October 10, 1952), was a pioneering motorist and mechanic. She was one of the early wealthy women motorists to set up a garage and a school for teaching men and women to drive cars. She was chairman of the executive committee for the ''Women’s Automobile and Sports Association'' which was associated with the [[Royal Automobile Club]].<ref name="The IET - WES Vol 1">{{cite web|title=The Woman Engineer Vol 1|url=https://www2.theiet.org/resources/library/archives/research/wes/WES_Vol_1.html|last=|first=|date=|website=The IET|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref><ref name="The IET WES Vol 3">{{cite web|title=The Woman Engineer Vol 3|url=https://www2.theiet.org/resources/library/archives/research/wes/WES_Vol_3a.html|last=|first=|date=|website=The IET|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Hon. Gabrielle Margaret Ariana Borthwick was born on 30 June 1866, eldest daughter to Alice Day and the [[Lord Borthwick|19th Lord Borthwick, Cunninghame Borthwick]]. As a young woman she had been presented at court but never went on to marry. Borthwick spent time in [[Florence]] where it was rumoured she had a lesbian affair.
Hon. Gabrielle Margaret Ariana Borthwick was born on June 30, 1866. She was the eldest daughter of Alice Day and the [[Lord Borthwick|19th Lord Borthwick, Cunninghame Borthwick]]. As a young woman, she had been presented at court but never went on to marry. Borthwick spent time in [[Florence]] where it was rumored that she had had a lesbian affair.


Borthwick was initiated as a member of the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn|Order of the Golden Dawn]] in 1891. By 1914 Borthwick was involved with establishing Women's unions including Society of Women Motor Drivers, an idea which had come from the women's suffrage movement. During the [[First World War]] Borthwick provided training for men who needed to know how to drive and maintain cars as well as to women who could be drivers in various roles such as ambulance drivers in France and Serbia. Her garage was Borthwick's Ladies' Automobile Workshops in Brick Street which was an RAC agent into the 1920s.<ref name="Clarsen 2008 p. 39">{{cite book | last=Clarsen | first=G. | title=Eat My Dust: Early Women Motorists | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | series=The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-4214-0514-8 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=bbuOiq0YEKYC&pg=PA39 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=39}}</ref><ref name="The Times 2015">{{cite web | title=Demand for women drivers | website=The Times | date=2015-12-10 | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/demand-for-women-drivers-nt06kc3h2hs | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="The Times 2016">{{cite web | title=Motorists in naval uniform | website=The Times | date=2016-01-18 | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/motorists-in-naval-uniform-5wjr06x053z | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="Cockin 2017 p. 316">{{cite book | last=Cockin | first=K. | title=Edith Craig and the Theatres of Art | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-4725-7063-5 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=EMTiDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT316 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=316}}</ref><ref name="women engineers history">{{cite web | title=Miss Benest and Miss Griff – one woman, several names, many talents. Part 2 of a strange tale. – women engineers' history | website=women engineers' history – Histories of Women Working in Engineering and Construction in the UK | date=2019-02-19 | url=https://womenengineerssite.wordpress.com/2019/02/19/miss-benest-and-miss-griff-one-woman-several-names-many-talents-part-2-of-a-strange-tale/ | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="Dann 2017 p. 362">{{cite book | last=Dann | first=J. | title=Maud Coleno’s Daughter: The Life of Dorothy Hartman, 1898-1957 | publisher=Troubador Publishing Limited | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-78803-173-8 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=Mf88DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA362 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=362}}</ref><ref name="Doan Garrity 2006 p. 57">{{cite book | last=Doan | first=L. | last2=Garrity | first2=J. | title=Sapphic Modernities: Sexuality, Women and National Culture | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4039-8442-5 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=oWDHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=57}}</ref><ref name="confused.com">{{cite web | title=Female trailblazers of the auto industry | website=confused.com | url=https://www.confused.com/car-insurance/female-trailblazers-of-the-auto-industry | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="The IET - WES Vol 1" />
Borthwick was initiated as a member of the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn|Order of the Golden Dawn]] in 1891. By 1914, Borthwick was involved with establishing Women's unions, including the Society of Women Motor Drivers, an idea which had come from the women's suffrage movement. During the [[First World War]] Borthwick provided training for men who needed to know how to drive and maintain cars as well as to women who could be drivers in various roles such as ambulance drivers in France and Serbia. Her garage was Borthwick's Ladies' Automobile Workshops in Brick Street which was an RAC agent into the 1920s.<ref name="Clarsen 2008 p. 39">{{cite book | last=Clarsen | first=G. | title=Eat My Dust: Early Women Motorists | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | series=The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-4214-0514-8 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=bbuOiq0YEKYC&pg=PA39 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=39}}</ref><ref name="The Times 2015">{{cite web | title=Demand for women drivers | website=The Times | date=2015-12-10 | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/demand-for-women-drivers-nt06kc3h2hs | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="The Times 2016">{{cite web | title=Motorists in naval uniform | website=The Times | date=2016-01-18 | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/motorists-in-naval-uniform-5wjr06x053z | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="Cockin 2017 p. 316">{{cite book | last=Cockin | first=K. | title=Edith Craig and the Theatres of Art | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-4725-7063-5 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=EMTiDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT316 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=316}}</ref><ref name="women engineers history">{{cite web | title=Miss Benest and Miss Griff – one woman, several names, many talents. Part 2 of a strange tale. – women engineers' history | website=women engineers' history – Histories of Women Working in Engineering and Construction in the UK | date=2019-02-19 | url=https://womenengineerssite.wordpress.com/2019/02/19/miss-benest-and-miss-griff-one-woman-several-names-many-talents-part-2-of-a-strange-tale/ | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="Dann 2017 p. 362">{{cite book | last=Dann | first=J. | title=Maud Coleno’s Daughter: The Life of Dorothy Hartman, 1898-1957 | publisher=Troubador Publishing Limited | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-78803-173-8 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=Mf88DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA362 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=362}}</ref><ref name="Doan Garrity 2006 p. 57">{{cite book | last=Doan | first=L. | last2=Garrity | first2=J. | title=Sapphic Modernities: Sexuality, Women and National Culture | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4039-8442-5 | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=oWDHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 | access-date=2020-05-31 | page=57}}</ref><ref name="confused.com">{{cite web | title=Female trailblazers of the auto industry | website=confused.com | url=https://www.confused.com/car-insurance/female-trailblazers-of-the-auto-industry | access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref name="The IET - WES Vol 1" />


She died on the 10 October 1952 in Sussex.<ref>{{cite news |title=The London Gazette. |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39788/page/1208/data.pdf |date=27 February 1953}}</ref>
She died on the October 10, 1952 in Sussex.<ref>{{cite news |title=The London Gazette. |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39788/page/1208/data.pdf |date=27 February 1953}}</ref>


==References and sources==
==References and sources==

Revision as of 09:03, 11 August 2020

Honourable
Gabrielle Borthwick
Born
Gabrielle Margaret Ariana Borthwick

30 June 1866
London
Died10 October 1952
Sussex
NationalityBritish
Known forMotorist and mechanic

Gabrielle Borthwick (June 30, 1866– October 10, 1952), was a pioneering motorist and mechanic. She was one of the early wealthy women motorists to set up a garage and a school for teaching men and women to drive cars. She was chairman of the executive committee for the Women’s Automobile and Sports Association which was associated with the Royal Automobile Club.[1][2]

Biography

Hon. Gabrielle Margaret Ariana Borthwick was born on June 30, 1866. She was the eldest daughter of Alice Day and the 19th Lord Borthwick, Cunninghame Borthwick. As a young woman, she had been presented at court but never went on to marry. Borthwick spent time in Florence where it was rumored that she had had a lesbian affair.

Borthwick was initiated as a member of the Order of the Golden Dawn in 1891. By 1914, Borthwick was involved with establishing Women's unions, including the Society of Women Motor Drivers, an idea which had come from the women's suffrage movement. During the First World War Borthwick provided training for men who needed to know how to drive and maintain cars as well as to women who could be drivers in various roles such as ambulance drivers in France and Serbia. Her garage was Borthwick's Ladies' Automobile Workshops in Brick Street which was an RAC agent into the 1920s.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][1]

She died on the October 10, 1952 in Sussex.[11]

References and sources

  1. ^ a b "The Woman Engineer Vol 1". The IET. Retrieved 2020-06-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "The Woman Engineer Vol 3". The IET. Retrieved 2020-06-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Clarsen, G. (2008). Eat My Dust: Early Women Motorists. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4214-0514-8. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  4. ^ "Demand for women drivers". The Times. 2015-12-10. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  5. ^ "Motorists in naval uniform". The Times. 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  6. ^ Cockin, K. (2017). Edith Craig and the Theatres of Art. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-4725-7063-5. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  7. ^ "Miss Benest and Miss Griff – one woman, several names, many talents. Part 2 of a strange tale. – women engineers' history". women engineers' history – Histories of Women Working in Engineering and Construction in the UK. 2019-02-19. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  8. ^ Dann, J. (2017). Maud Coleno’s Daughter: The Life of Dorothy Hartman, 1898-1957. Troubador Publishing Limited. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-78803-173-8. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  9. ^ Doan, L.; Garrity, J. (2006). Sapphic Modernities: Sexuality, Women and National Culture. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-4039-8442-5. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  10. ^ "Female trailblazers of the auto industry". confused.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  11. ^ "The London Gazette" (PDF). 27 February 1953.
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