Talk:Autism/Archive 3

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ABA therapy NPOV

Saying that ABA is universally considered effective is at the very least an NPOV issue. Many prominent autistic rights' organizations and autistic bloggers have made public statements condemning the practices as abusive and denying their effectiveness as therapies.

http://autismwomensnetwork.org/my-thoughts-on-aba/ http://www.autistichoya.com/2012/09/what-they-should-be-talking-about.html http://emmashopebook.com/2012/10/10/tackling-that-troublesome-issue-of-aba-and-ethics/ http://loveexplosions.net/2013/01/30/the-cost-of-compliance-is-unreasonable/ https://unstrangemind.wordpress.com/2013/01/27/no-you-dont/ 73.41.82.251 (talk) 00:25, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

The effectiveness of therapies would fall under WP:MEDRS which none of those do. Dbrodbeck (talk) 01:08, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

What I intend to do with the article, and what new information will I add? Subtitle: Serotonin regulation I intend to add the link between low serotonin levels in the brain and the development of autism spectrum. Serotonergic system malfunction is one of the most associated causes of autism [1]. Vitamin D binds to the Vitamin D receptor which heterodimerizes to the retanoid receptor, creating the Vitamin D response (VDR) which regulates many genes including ones coding for Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and 2 (TPH1 and TPH2) [2], which are the rate limiting enzymes responsible for converting Tryptophan into seratonin in the gut and the brain, respectively. [3]. The vitamin D response element binds sequences in the DNA that either indicate to the complex to recruit co activators thereby turning on genes or core repressors which results in turning off genes [4]. The vitamin D response turns off the enzyme TPH1 which regulates production of serotonin in the gut, and turns on TPH2 which converts tryptophan into Serotonin in the brain [5]. Without this regulation, higher than optimal levels serotonin may be produced in the gut, and lower than optimal levels may be produced in the brain. IDO, another enzyme produced in the placenta converts Tryptophan into Kynurenine which is converted to T regulatory cells. Both IDO and tryptophan are expressed in the placenta [6]. T regulatory cells are known to prevent immune cells from attacking host tissue [7]. Female mice have strong immune resonse against fetus if IDO does not exist [8]. Tryptophan is known to have a greater binding affinity to TPH1 compared to IDO, therefore low Vitamin D levels result in TPH1 being produced, and binding to tryptophan and IDO having a suppression of activity [9]. It is known that Mothers of Autism spectrum children have a greater chance of having antibodies against fetal brain proteins in their blood compared with mothers of nonautistic children [10]. Moreover, autoantibodies target the fetal brain during pregnancy [11]. Therefore, maternal blood levels of vit d are imporant for the delivery through placenta and serotonin production in the developing fetus. 2-3 sentences on your topic that will be in the final article Jump up ^ Zafeiriou, D. I.; Ververi, A; Vargiami, E (2009). "The serotonergic system: its role in pathogenesis and early developmental treatment of autism.". Curr. Neuropharmacol. 7: 150– 157. Jump up ^ Haussler, M. R.; Jurutka, P. W.; Mizwicki, M.; Norman, A. W. (2011). "Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)vitamin D(3): genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.". Best Prac. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 25, 25: 543–559. Jump up ^ Gutknecht, L.; Kriegebaum, C.; Waider, J.; Schmitt, A.; Lesch, K. P. (2009). "Spatio-temporal expression of tryptophan hydroxylase isoforms in murine and human brain: convergent data from Tph2 knockout mice.". Eur. Neuropsychopharmacology 19: 266–282. Jump up ^ Gutknecht, L.; Kriegebaum, C.; Waider, J.; Schmitt, A.; Lesch, K. P. (2009). "Spatio-temporal expression of tryptophan hydroxylase isoforms in murine and human brain: convergent data from Tph2 knockout mice.". Eur. Neuropsychopharmacology 19: 266–282. Jump up ^ Whitfield, G. K. (2005). Nuclear Vitamin D Receptor: StructureFunction, Molecular Control of Gene Transcription, and Novel Bioactions (2nd ed. ed.). New York: Elsevier. Jump up ^ Munn, D. H.; Zhou, M.; Attwood, J. T.; Bondarev, I.; Conway, S. J.; Marshall, B.; Brown, C.; and Mellor, A. L. (1998) "Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism." Science 281: 1191–1193 Jump up ^ Munn, D. H.; Zhou, M.; Attwood, J. T.; Bondarev, I.; Conway, S. J.; Marshall, B.; Brown, C.; and Mellor, A. L. (1998) "Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism." Science 281: 1191–1193 Jump up ^ Munn, D. H.; Zhou, M.; Attwood, J. T.; Bondarev, I.; Conway, S. J.; Marshall, B.; Brown, C.; and Mellor, A. L. (1998) "Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism." Science 281: 1191–1193 Jump up ^ Pallotta, M. T.; Orabona, C.; Volpi, C.; Vacca, C.; Belladonna, M. L.; Bianchi, R.; Servillo, G.; Brunacci, C.; Calvitti, M.; Bicciato, S.; Mazza, E. M.; Boon, L.; Grassi, F.; Fioretti, M. C.; Fallarino, F.; Puccetti, P.; and Grohmann, U. (2011) "Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a signaling protein in long-term tolerance by dendritic cells." Nat. Immunol. 12: 870–878 Jump up ^ Bauman, M. D.; Iosif, A. M.; Ashwood, P.; Braunschweig, D.; Lee, A.; Schumann, C. M.; Van de Water, J.; and Amaral, D. G. (2013) "Maternal antibodies from mothers of children with autism alter brain growth and social behavior development in the rhesus monkey." Transl. Psychiatry 3 Jump up ^ Bauman, M. D.; Iosif, A. M.; Ashwood, P.; Braunschweig, D.; Lee, A.; Schumann, C. M.; Van de Water, J.; and Amaral, D. G. (2013) "Maternal antibodies from mothers of children with autism alter brain growth and social behavior development in the rhesus monkey." Transl. Psychiatry 3 Aleksuwo (talk) 17:49, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject Medicine - Proposed Edits

Hi all, I'm part of the WikiProject Medicine course at UCSF and have identified a few areas I'd like to work on for this page. Outline is below - looking forward to hearing everyone's input!

General changes: 1-2 more photos; Inserting references where flagged and/or deleting statements for which references cannot be found; Simplifying language (per Acrolinx report); Consistency between person-first and identity-first language (ideally would like to change all to identity-first)

Lead section: Less medical jargon while still maintaining a neutral point of view

Classification: Clarification of DSM-5 vs. DSM-4 and language no longer being a criteria (still mentioned in differentiation between autism and Asperger syndrome)

Characteristics: Will potentially remove and or streamline "Developmental Course" to take out specific prognosticating language

Associated conditions: Will be merged with "comorbid conditions"

Management: Will incorporate discussion from Talk page re: ABA therapy

Mschwarz6 (talk) 21:17, 15 November 2015 (UTC)

Peer Review

Great, thorough article that is well organized. Overall, no obvious problems jumped out, except perhaps the complicated sentences and expressions, making the information more challenging to understand to the lay person. In this regard, I know you have made substantial improvements to the original content. I liked the links under many headings to other main articles.

Some notes, section by section:

Intro: Succinct, but some information is repeated in the Classification section. I would copy this detailed information into the Classification section, and instead write something simpler here: Autism spectrum or autistic spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the fifth revision of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5), encompassing diagnoses of autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Rett's disorder, and childhood disintegrative disorder.

Classification: Very thorough. Some sentences could use simplifying/shortening. This is the most confusing, IMO: Rather than categorizing these diagnoses, the DSM-5 has adopted a dimensional approach to diagnosing disorders that fall underneath the autism spectrum umbrella. Some have proposed that individuals on the autism spectrum may be better represented as a single diagnostic category, because they demonstrate similar types of symptoms and are better differentiated by clinical specifiers (i.e., dimensions of severity) and associated features (i.e., known genetic disorders, and intellectual disability). Here, "in turn" could be taken out (not needed): ASD, in turn, is a subset of the broader autism phenotype (BAP), which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have autistic-like traits, such as avoiding eye contact.

Characteristics: This is an excellent section that is very easy to read.

Developmental Course: "Although autism spectrum disorders are thought to follow two possible developmental courses, most parents report that symptom onset occurred within the first year of life." - try to rewrite, maybe not start the sentence with "although". Try this?: Most parents report that symptom onset occurred within the first year of life. Autism spectrum disorders are thought to follow two possible developmental courses.... etc.

Causes: "While a specific cause or specific causes of autism spectrum disorders has yet to be found, many risk factors have been identified in the research literature that may contribute to the development of an ASD." - Just simplify to "a specific cause", don't think you need single vs plural

Genetic risk factors: "Instead, there seem to be multiple genes involved, each of which is a risk factor for part of the autism syndrome through various groups" - sentence unclear. What various groups? Maybe link to terms like "prevalence" vs "incidence", etc.

Prenatal and perinatal risk factors: Great.

Vaccine controversy: Great, slightly wordy.

Pathophysiology: minor change: "enlargement in some areas and brain reduction in others". This would make little sense to a non-medical person: "In neuroanatomical studies, when performing Theory of Mind and facial emotion response tasks, the median person on the autism spectrum exhibits less activation in the primary and secondary somato-sensory cortices than does the median member of a properly sampled control population. This discrepancy is consistent with reports of abnormal patterns of cortical thickness and grey matter volume in those regions of autistic persons' brains."

Mirror Neuron System: Maybe there are pages that could be linked to define the brain areas?

Temporal Lobe: Great.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Great.

Vitamin D: Great.

Diagnosis: Evidence-Based Assessment: Great as is - a comprehensive list of diagnostic tools

Comorbidity: Great.

Management: I don't know if there is a rule about using "likelier" vs "more likely", but I think more likely sounds better. I would rearrange the first sentence, so the sentence does not start with "although". "It has been argued that no single treatment is best and treatment is typically tailored to the child's needs." - this sentence is repeated twice in the paragraph, with minor variation. Remove one. Maybe change this sentence to: "OTHER Available approaches include: developmental models, structured teaching, speech and language therapy, social skills therapy, and occupational therapy." - just so ABA is not repeated again. Maybe change this to: "Applied behavioral analysis is one of the most empirically supported intervention approaches... etc", just so it does not sound like you are introducing ABA for the first time.

Epidemiology: Link to "prevalence"

History: This sounds more like "Causes", and could maybe be moved there? Or maybe preface these two interesting bits with some kind of summary statement, about why this is included.

Society and Culture: "Families who care for an autistic child face added stress from a number of different causes. One study found that half of parents who had a child with any kind of developmental disability were still caring for their child by age 50, while only 17% of parents that age would typically be caring for children." This sentence is very out of place. The information flows much better without it. However, this is a powerful statement, so just try to move it elsewhere.

Annak.med (talk) 03:42, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

Thanks so much for your review Annak.med! You picked up on a lot of areas for clarification of language that I never would have noticed. Just to summarize my response to each section and what I changed/left:

Intro: Left as is. I agree that merging the two intro sentences might be more concise, but think that might be a little less readable than two shorter sentences.

Classification: Removed "in turn," and attempted to clarify the "dimensional approach" sentences. Thanks!

Developmental Course: Switched order of phrases in first sentence.

Causes: Chose to go with "causes" rather than "cause," but agree that only one was needed!

Genetic risk factors: Attempted to clarify last sentence, and added lots of links. Thanks!

Vaccine controversy: Found one awkward/unclear phrasing ("supported by multiple lines of evidence..." and changed to "and further evidence continues to refute them")

Pathophysiology: Linked to lots of neurology jargon terms - as paraphrasing would make the reporting of the findings less accurate.

Mirror Neuron System: Linked!

Management: Oops - definitely didn't see that "likelier" before. I agree! I see many others have been editing this section as well since I last worked on it, so I tried to remove repetition/consolidate between them while preserving all of the ideas/evidence shared. I also broke up into shorter paragraphs.

Epidemiology: "Prevalence" linked!

History: I toyed around with the idea of moving this into a subheading of "Other causes proposed in history" in the Causes section, but thought this would cause more controversy/confusion and would make people more likely to think that these are still currently thought to be causes. So I left as is.

Society and Culture: Good catch! I agree it is a necessary point but breaks the flow of the paragraphs about ARM. Split up the section into "Autism Rights Movement" and "Impact on Caregivers."

--Mschwarz6 (talk) 21:30, 20 November 2015 (UTC)

Should be a list of people on the autism spectrum.Hinata Ryunosuke (talk) 02:06, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

edits re rural and interactive TV

The following was added today in this series of diffs.

moving it here for discussion and review. headers have been changed to bold to keep this in one section.

Interactive Television

Children with ASD who live in rural and poorer areas are diagnosed at a later age compared to those in urban or suburban areas. The interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) is currently trying to focus on accessing services, reducing inequities, and promoting earlier detection and intervention for individuals in rural and underserved areas.

In order to improve outcomes for children with ASD, families should be afforded equal opportunities to access high quality health care. Earlier detection and intervention should be promoted for the families in rural and underserved areas. One possible solution is using the video conferencing (VC) to aid in assessment and diagnostic procedures. It is an easier means to reach families in rural and underserved areas. The study shows excellent inter-rater agreement on diagnoses between clinicians in the VC setting and the interdisciplinary team. It suggests that VC may be a viable method to increase access to autism diagnostic services and possibly early intervention for families in rural and underserved areas.

Reese et.al. created the Integrated Systems Using Telemedicine (ISUT) Model, which links families, trained early intervention providers and educators, and university-based medical professionals. One non-randomized study reported that the ISUT Model was both well-received and cost-effective for families in rural areas requiring access to ASD diagnostic services.

There was a study comparing the clinical utility and validity between interactive VC and an in-person assessment that uses standardized ASD diagnostic tools (e.g., the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Module 1, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised). The results suggested that there were no significant differences in either the diagnostic accuracy or reliability when assessment obtained in-person or remotely. Even more, parents reported equally satisfied with both of the observational conditions.

References

This gives WP:UNDUE weight to interactive TV, is sourced from primary sources and violates WP:RELTIME by talking about "current" things. Yidouwan would you please check in with your course's ambassador on these things? Thanks. Jytdog (talk) 19:12, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

content added today

content below was added in this dif, which also deleted the infobox. refs need to be fixed (pmid added), formatting, and copyediting, before this goes live

Role of Copy Number Variable Genes

Around 5-10% of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are observed to be the results of rare (<1%frequency) De nova or inherited copy number variations (CNVs). Genes involved with CNVs tend to be synapse-related genes that to have copy-number dosage-dependent effects on either the behavior or cognition of affected individuals. Some studies have found the number of De novo CNVs to be fivefold higher in families with an individual with an ASD when compared to those who do not

. Recent studies have identified hundreds of possible CNV regions related to ASDs. Data supports an association between rare De novo events at specific loci and the risk of ASDs. ASD has a highly heterogenic genetic background, and the majority of either common or rare CNVs do not necessarily lead to ASDs, but may increase the risk of developing one. Most likely, the clinical presentation of ASD is the result of multiple variants acting in concert.

While scientists have identified hundreds of candidate CNVs associated with ASD, CNVs with the strongest evidence associating them to ASD, have been identified, isolated and studied more vigorously. Research focuses on many De novo events, the most common of which occur at three separate loci, 7q11.23, 15q11.2-13.1, and 16p11.2.

Mutations to the 16p11.2 region of chromosome 16 are associated with hyperactivity in clinical ASD. Given that the mutation is found at a relatively high frequency, 1%, in ASD cohorts and rarely found in the siblings of ASD individuals, there is strong evidence supporting the large effect of duplications and deletions to this locus. This locus is also related to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

The 7q11.33 locus, found on the long arm of chromosome seven, is associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome, which is characterized by a reciprocal deletion in this region and related to highly social personalities. The most common occurring De novo mutation to this region of the chromosome presented in ASD seems to have a very different effect than that of Williams syndrome. As opposed to deletions, the mutation involves four recurrent De novo duplications and presents as increased behavioral problems.

The de novo CNV occurring at 15q11.2-13., on chromosome 15, is the most commonly cited cytogenetic abnormality identified in idiopathic ASD. Duplications in this region are not only associated with ASD, but also with general intelligence disorders (IDs), while deletions to this region are strongly associated with schizophrenia and epilepsy. CNVs in this region, alone, have only moderate or mild effects, and it is most likely that some other genetic factors are required for this phenotype to reach ASD threshold.

References

- Jytdog (talk) 02:13, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Merge

Merge Autism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism), Asperger's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome), PDD-NOS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervasive_developmental_disorder_not_otherwise_specified), HFA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-functioning_autism), and whatever else there is out there into this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum) in order to keep up to date with current understanding.

Throwawaysomyipdoesntshowup (talk) 14:54, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

• Oppose, see ICD10. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 17:11, 30 June 2016 (UTC)

Ok, I will suggest this again once the ICD 11 is out of beta. I did not know it had to be in WHO's current criteria, last updated in the 90s. The other main one, the DSM V, was updated more recently, 2013, and has merged, which is why I suggested it. I am sorry for my mistake, I will wait until 2018 next time. — 

Throwawaysomyipdoesntshowup (talk) 15:15, 3 July 2016 (UTC)

See WP:WORLDVIEW-- DSM is not the only game in town :) SandyGeorgia (Talk) 11:55, 3 July 2016 (UTC)

Where did I say it was? I am not even American, and my country uses ICD 10 as a result of that. My point is that the more recently updated manual, the DSM V, has merged (2013 knowledge vs 1992 knowledge), and that the ICD 11 is going to follow that merge (which you can view by going to their beta page). If this is a problem, that is ok, I will post this suggestion again in 2018 once they follow that merge. — 

Throwawaysomyipdoesntshowup (talk) 15:14, 3 July 2016 (UTC)

References

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SSDD

User:Tilzey in this dif, and edit-warred back in, in this this dif, you added "Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency; the first time the ref was Pearl, P. "Disorders of GABA metabolism - PubMed Health". PubMed Health..

As I noted in my edit note here after your first insertion, the first ref, and the 2nd, both note that SSDD has symptoms that are ASD-like. You added this in the Comorbidity section. Having some symptoms that ASD-like is not the same as a comorbidity. Jytdog (talk) 03:14, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

References

Social and romantic relationships for individuals with autism

Biblography

Barnhill, G. P. (2007). Outcomes in adults with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22, 116–126.

Humphrey, N., & Symes, W. (2010). Perceptions of social support and experience of bullying among pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in mainstream secondary schools. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 25, 77–91.

Gantman, A., Kapp, S.K., Orenski, K. and others (2012) J Autism Dev Disord. 42, 1094.

Jennes-Coussens, M., Magill-Evans, J., & Koning, C. (2006). The quality of life of young men with Asperger syndrome: A brief report. Autism, 10, 511–524.

Orsmond, G. L., Krauss, M. W., & Selzter, M. M. (2004). Peer relationships and social and recreational activities among adolescents and adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 245–256.

Mehzabin, P., & Stokes, M. A. (2011). Self-assessed sexuality in young adults with high-functioning autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 614–621.

Miller, P. M., & Ingham, J. G. (1976). Friends, confidants and symptoms. Social Psychiatry, 11, 51–58.

Shattuck, P., Seltzer, M., Greenberg, M. M., Orsmond, G. I., Bolt, D., Kring, S. and others. (2007). Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1735–1747.

Vivienfoster (talk) 22:38, 28 February 2017 (UTC)

No mention of Maternal Immune Activation as a risk factor

Seems strange not to mention Maternal Immune Activation as a risk factor as there is a lot of literature on this, eg refs in Maternal Immune Activation and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Interleukin-6 Signaling as a Key Mechanistic Pathway ? - Rod57 (talk) 14:23, 23 March 2017 (UTC)

The infinity symbol in question, its relevance

Do we have a better reference for the claim that this symbol should be used? The current source seems to be just a blog which is questionable as to the level of reliability. Even if that is okay, the source itself shows the rainbow infinity symbol as one of a dozen symbols that people came up with after the author asked people to submit the ideas. This particular symbol was liked by a few people. Is that good enough to be used as the lede photo in the info box? Z22 (talk) 14:00, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

Yeah, that's not just poorly sourced; that is exceptionally poorly sourced. I have removed it from both this article and that on Neurodiversity. "Joanne Lara, Bev Leroux, and April Dawn Griffin like this symbol" would not be a reason to include it even if the source was unquestionably reliable, which it unquestionably isn't. TimothyJosephWood 14:38, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

The same symbol is still being used in Autism_spectrum#Society_and_culture, Autism#Society_and_culture, and Template:Autism-stub. I don't think it is good to be on those pages. Z22 (talk) 23:39, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

Cleaned. I suspect that someone is trying to use Wikipedia to make this a "thing". TimothyJosephWood 02:20, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

References

• Gillott, A., Furniss, F., & Walter, A. (2001). Anxiety in high-functioning children with autism. Autism, 5(3), 277-286. doi:10.1177/1362361301005003005
• Miller, L. E., Burke, J. D., Troyb, E., Knoch, K., Herlihy, L. E., & Fein, D. A. (2017). Preschool predictors of school-age academic achievement in autism spectrum disorder. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 31(2), 382-403. doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1225665
• Patterson, D. (2017). A comparative study on academic performance of students with asperger's syndrome in different classroom formats (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from PsycINFO Dissertation Abstracts International Section A, 77.
• Stichter, J. P., Riley-Tillman, T. C., & Jimerson, S. R. (2016). Assessing, understanding, and supporting students with autism at school: Contemporary science, practice, and policy. School Psychology Quarterly, 31(4), 443-449. doi:10.1037/spq0000184

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Knphillips (talk • contribs) 18:12, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

Autism Spectrum and the association of violence

I've heard that most studies don't support a correlation between autism and violent crimes (or was it just AS?) but on the other hand ASD is also associated with tantrums, violent outbursts and reactive aggression, and I noticed it seems a disproportionate number of recent mass shootings in the US have been committed by people diagnosed with ASD/AS. Then I found this study: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178914000305. Haven't read through it but seems like it might have some valid points. Any thoughts?--

Humorideas (talk) 19:55, 22 October 2015 (UTC)

I'm just a kid but we should ingore that.It's probably just a coincidence (although autism DOES have symptoms of having tantrums/violent outbursts.) (To support the point,the majority of serial killers have been white men but being a white guy doesn't make you a serial killer.)

72.69.143.35 (talk) 00:38, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

There is zero evidence that autism is associated with violence (Gupta, 2012)

I think Doctor Sanjay Gupta (2012) mentioned this before, "there is zero evidence that autism is associated with violence... however people with autism are more likely to be victims of assault, bullying and harassment", just to make this clear.

Gupta, S. (2012). What Is Asperger's Syndrome? [video] Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/videos/health/2012/12/21/exp-gupta-eitm-aspergers.cnn [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017].

62.102.148.185 (talk) 18:44, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Sociocultural Perspective on Autism Intervention (Fong and Lee, 2017 Apr)

By Elizabeth Hughes Fong and Helen Lee.

DOI: 10.5772/65965

https://www.intechopen.com/books/autism-paradigms-recent-research-and-clinical-applications/sociocultural-perspective-on-autism-intervention

Abstract

The landscape of the population in the United States is diversifying, as are the individuals who have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder now affects one of out every 68 children. Although the diagnostic criteria do not differ, there are differences in time of diagnosis, treatment and acceptability of the diagnosis in various cultures, which is important for clinicians to understand. One approach to autism intervention is applied behavior analysis (ABA), which seeks to intervene on socially significant behavior. In addition, to using an approach such as ABA, which emphasis social significance, individuals may also use a cultural broker. The cultural broker can help to bridge the gap between parties and promote more effective treatment experience and thus help to ensure a more culturally sensitive approach to intervention.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, cultural competence, applied behavior analysis, cultural broker, social validity, culture

62.102.148.185 (talk) 18:50, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

The role of culture in families' treatment decisions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (Mandell and Novak M, 2005 Apr)

By David Mandell and Maytali Novak.

PMID 15977313 DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20061

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15977313

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrdd.20061/abstract

Abstract

There is little information available about how and why parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) make decisions regarding which of the many available treatments to implement with their children. Given the lack of available information regarding treatment efficacy, it is likely that parents' beliefs about child development, interpretation of the symptoms of ASD, its etiology and course, and their experiences with the health system influence treatment decisions. This article addresses these issues within the context of cultural influences. We review the small body of existing literature regarding cultural influences on decisions regarding ASD and draw implications for the study and treatment of ASD from the larger body of literature on culture and other health conditions of childhood. In addition to examining the potential for differences in clinical presentation by culture and different experiences with the healthcare system, we use Kleinman's framework of questions for understanding the role of culture in the interpretation and treatment of ASD. These questions address interpretation of symptoms and beliefs about their cause, course, and treatment. Finally, we present specific language for clinicians to use in discussion with families with different cultural beliefs about the use of less traditional treatment strategies

62.102.148.185 (talk) 19:00, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Please read WP:MEDRS about sourcing. Best Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 19:06, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Why? What's wrong with this source?

62.102.148.185 (talk) 19:27, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

See WP:MEDDATE for one. It is also classfied by the journal and by pubmed as a research article - a primary source. Jytdog (talk) 22:04, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Review

This is a review thus fine to use.[1] Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:21, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

New section

• I beg to differ that my edit Was vandalism. giving a concise description of autism at the beginning of the article is helpful for those that Want to quickly find out What autism is.CmdrTako (talk) 11:13, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

litiralism in autism

It is often beleived by autistics that they are bad at the metaphorical use of language. They are bad only at the interpretation of metaphors, they are hyperliterial in the expression of metaphors. People they are non-flaunt in there metaphors but the intended meaning is hyperobvious. People assume that they don't mean what they said at face value because they assume that because they are non-fluent that they must be expressing themselves wrongly.

I'm not edit waring Im trying to correct the mentioned resaon for the undo.24.116.188.108 (talk) 16:06, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Hello, I'm SD5. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —specifically this edit to Autism spectrum— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. SD5 16:17, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

I fail to see why it's keeps being removed. Is it not good to know how to interpret autistics?24.116.188.108 (talk) 16:24, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

This new information needs to be supported by a reliable source. Willondon (talk) 16:17, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

You may want to review the policies on original research and reliable sources. The citation you're giving is not to a valid, reliable source (actually, it brings up an error, but regardless, a wikia site wouldn't pass muster), which would be needed to support your claim. PohranicniStraze (talk) 16:31, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Thanks for not misunderstanding me, and not just ban me from the talk page so I can't discuss the issue. but I fail to see why you have a citation needed tag if you just summerily remove information that needs a source?24.116.188.108 (talk) 16:41, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Not a problem, we were all new editors at some point! The citation needed tag is only one way to challenge a statement; depending on what is being inserted, it can be tagged or simply removed. If content is challenged and removed, then the editor who re-adds the material has the responsibility to cite their claims with a reliable source - see WP:CHALLENGE. At this point, a couple different editors have challenged and removed the material you've added, so it is up to you to find a reliable source citation. Thanks, and happy editing! PohranicniStraze (talk) 17:11, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Stop trying to justify your editer waring with constantly changing bullshit reasons. you've been warned!TheLittleAmericanMonkey (talk) 17:45, 19 September 2018 (UTC) Just you clarify repetitively removing a submissions editing aring. Improve don't remove.107.77.233.194 (talk) 10:51, 20 September 2018 (UTC)

References

Kanner's

Would it be worth mentioning on this article (and the Autism one) that "classic autism" is also sometimes referred to as Kanner's Autism to differentiate it from other forms of autism? Iridi (talk) 22:39, 10 March 2015 (UTC)

I feel it would also be a good idea to mention other forms of treatment or helpful tools such as therapy dogs. Therapy dogs are very helpful to not only autism but to other disorders as well. (Awolf6 (talk) 16:56, 26 November 2018 (UTC)).

Temple Grandin, where are you?

I wrote this to an editor who revoked an edit of mine on this page, who has since quit as an editor, as I did several years ago, due to fractious edit warring.

Thank you TC for your polite and non-threatening note. If you are keen on Spectrum Autism, I suggest you read Temple Grandin's books, and add some of their wisdom to the Autism page. I haven't the wiki-chops to cite from paper books yet, nor quite the time to work deeply on this article. I put the reference in hoping that someone keen on the article would follow up. Sadly, wikipedia is more about edit wars and proprietary editing than pursuing knowledge. At least you were polite while reversing my edit wholesale, which I appreciate. 184.69.174.194 (talk) 04:50, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

Are you proposing some specific improvement to this article? If not, please see WP:NOTFORUM. General Ization ^Talk 04:53, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

I absolutely am. Please read her books and then bring her ideas into the article. WITH APPROPRIATE CITATIONS!! Should be easy, as she's a best selling author, diagnosed with spectrum autism. It was also a plea for people to get off their edit warring high horses, which you, thankfully, are not on one of. :) Peace. 184.69.174.194 (talk) 05:00, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

List of schools for people on the autistic spectrum

I've raised this at the Schools wikiproject also. This list could be used by readers as a resource to find an acceptable school for someone. I know that's not its purpose, but a random list that might have bad schools or be used as promotional doesn't seem appropriate, especially for this speciality. Doug Weller talk 15:02, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

Hi. IMHO, a list is a good thing, The web is about surfing for knowledge. Not for us to vette every school or link. Caveat emptor. In time, people who know the schools could comment, but I think if you don't know they are bad, leave them in, so we can work on them. WIKI stands for WorkInProgress. Well, almost... :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.69.174.194 (talk) 05:03, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

Should the title be Autism spectrum disorder

As it is now mentioned in most publication and in the DSM-5, the correct title should be "Autism Spectrum Disorder". What do you think ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikitavanti (talk • contribs) 21:54, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

No. The DSM is not God. In fact, it has radically changed its section on Autism with every version. But more important, we people with Autism do not have a disorder. Please read some Temple Grandin. She'll help you figure it out. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.69.174.194 (talk) 05:07, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

Image

Having these impediments can be discouraging for people with ASD to have simple conversations with others, make friends, have close relationships, and even keeping a job.

How does this illustrate the condition in question? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:31, 3 March 2018 (UTC)

Frankly, it doesn't. It's just a random picture of a (supposedly, we only have the source's word for it) autistic child. It's not a bad picture, in the purely aesthetic sense, but it doesn't belong here.Sumanuil (talk) 19:02, 3 March 2018 (UTC)

Please, if you don't know, don't pontificate. I have autism, and so does my son. Diagnosed, etc. This photograph is perfectly expressive of an autistic person. If you are autistic, you'll get it instantly. To say "it doesn't belong here" is to silence autistics. And who are you to do that? This is not about "aesthetics", it is about illustrating autism. Great picture, please keep it in. Thanks. 184.69.174.194 (talk) 04:55, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

Rubbish, it's a rather stereotypical image, child focused which helps reinforce the idea that Autism is a childhood thing. I don't think it expresses much more than a rather outdated representation of what autism is. Saying a picture is unrepresentative is not "silencing autistics" it is merely expressing an opinion of whether the image is suitable.Lacunae (talk) 22:21, 22 February 2019 (UTC)

@Lacunae: What do you think of these possible alternatives?

1 Identified as an adult man with autism

2 A comedy troupe the members of which have Aspergers—best group shot I could find where everyone is known to have autism.

3 Instance of stimming

4 There are lots of nice images on commons of athletes and activists with autism, but I think it would be a bit odd to single out one known individual for the lead image

Cheers, gnu57 00:22, 23 February 2019 (UTC)

Merger with Autism

As the terms Autism and Autism spectrum are increasingly used in reference to the same condition, I recommend a merger of both articles. ADeviloper (talk) 16:18, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

the autism article is about the obsolete autism disorder. I should be moved to autism disorder107.77.233.194 (talk) 11:00, 20 September 2018 (UTC)

I looked in the archive and saw that this was briefly discussed back in 2011, here. It was also discussed briefly in the autism article back in 2008 here. ADeviloper has also currently proposed this at the Autism article here. I am going to propose that formally by tagging the articles. I will direct discussion to this thread.

My reasoning (and I may be wrong) is that ASD is the broad diagnosis in DSM V, and autism is one classification within that, and much of the content in autism is about the spectrum. It seems to me that much of the content from autism should be merged here, and this article should have WP:SUMMARY sections from each of autism, asperger's, and the other classifications, to knit the related articles together.

In any case, I don't see that this has ever been thoroughly discussed and it perhaps should be. I do acknowledge that Autism is a featured article and that editors like SandyGeorgia have worked heroically to keep it that way. Nonetheless, this seems ripe for discussion. Tagging now. Jytdog (talk) 17:05, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

• Oppose. As clearly explained at the autism article, the Featured article refers to classic autism, not the full spectrum (which includes other conditions). Articles on both are necessary, they are separate concepts, the autism article is about classic autism, and in any case, a Featured article -- vetted by a community process -- is not going to be merged away via a merge request. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 22:44, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

hey sandy. i know you are very very close to the Autism article (and it has been a great accomplishment to get it there and even a greater one to keep it there). Can you see that there is a bunch of content in the autism article that is really about ASD? In my view, there is a bunch. Jytdog (talk) 23:43, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

If you give me samples of any text at autism that doesn't apply to classic autism, we can discuss moving it to autism spectrum, but we can't merge away a featured article, particularly when the two terms are notable and worthy of their own articles. PS, I think this discussion is on the wrong page. Autism is an FA-- a discussion of doing away with a featured article belongs on its page. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 00:40, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

sorry i am being unclear. i never meant to merge the whole thing - just the general parts. But that is only if folks agree that this article should be the top article in the suite. I think that is where the field is -- ASD is the top, and autism is one category within that. am i wrong? if you don't agree with that there is no point in continuing (I am sure you and others who regularly work here know the literature better than i) Jytdog (talk) 01:08, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

but to answer your question, when i read the Causes section, and the Mechanism section, of the autism article, i see nothing there specific to the autistic classification per se.... Jytdog (talk) 01:12, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

OK, so I'm still not clear on what you are proposing, or that you are understanding the consequences and process. I have no idea what you mean by "top article" ... ?? What has happened here is that this article is junk because no one cares, while autism is in good shape because it is watched because it is featured, comprehensive, and vetted. This article has been junked up (here is what it looked like when Eubulides-- who authored the entire autism suite-- last edited it.) Our article naming convention has nothing to do with a "top" article ... so I'm lost on what you mean by that ... We have two separate topics that meet notability, and one of them is in good shape, comprehensive, well written because it is featured, while the other is the usual Wikipedia garbage dump, deteriorated from when Eubulides maintained the entire suite. Perhaps we aren't following what each other is saying.

To merge away a Featured article means to defeature it. (There have been three such cases in the history of Featured articles.) Yes, autism is one kind of ASD; if you are saying that autism is a content fork from ASD, and that content is in the wrong article, then we have to go to FAR and propose delisting autism as a featured article. Then you move good content from a featured article into this crap article, and we end up with one large bad article. Just to be sure you understand the process ... by merging content to here, you don't end up with a featured article ... you lose a featured article, and then folks unwatch, and then we get even more deterioration.

I don't know the literature better than you, because you have better journal access than I do. The autism article was written about classic autism by Eubulides; in the older versions of this article, it was only about the spectrum (who knows what all garbage is in here now since Eubulides left). The article organization once worked; if you are saying it no longer does, then we lose the Featured article. One less article for me to watch over is OK with me :) :) But it was my understanding then that nothing in the autism article was not about classic autism. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 01:32, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

I am letting this go. Thanks for talking! Jytdog (talk) 02:11, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

• Oppose ASD is a broader category while autism is more specific. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:30, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
• Oppose per SandyGerogia and Doc James. Dbrodbeck (talk) 12:09, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
• Oppose per Doc James. -- ATOMSORSYSTEMS ^(TALK) 01:24, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
• Oppose - while related, there's a clear medical distinction in scope between the 2 concepts Seppi333 (Insert 2¢ | Maintained) 10:33, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
• Oppose; like others said, classic autism is a distinct condition on the spectrum. However, I would recommend renaming the other article to Classic Autism as laymen may easily confuse the two - and it seems even professionals sometimes use 'autism' to reference the entire ASD.--Humorideas (talk) 19:49, 22 October 2015 (UTC)
• Don't Oppose. None of you people seem to have autism. Be careful then, of your opinions, which are ultimately lacking insight. The understanding of autism is changing, and much of the information in the "Autism Classic" article should be just put into the history section of a merged article. The DSM rewrites autism every addition, do we get a new article each time? Why is the article so focussed on the DSM? Are we advertising for the psychiatry profession, or a wiki? 184.69.174.194 (talk) 12:39, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
• Merge. Autism references both the DSM-5 and DSM-IV multiple times in its content, which makes the article inconsistent, since it is recognizing the DSM-5 while not adhering to its recommendation for terminology of the subject. Also, Autism spectrum references Autism sections as the main article for certain subjects. For example, Autism spectrum#Pathophysiology links to Autism#Mechanism, which in turn links to Mechanism of autism, which, while referencing sources that refer to the subject in question as autism spectrum disorder, still refers to it as autism in its body. Furthermore, the entire Autism spectrum#Autism rights movement section is identical in both articles. Most, if not all, of the more recent references in both articles refer to the subject as autism spectrum disorder as opposed to autism, if not in the title, then in the abstract. From what I've seen, "classic autism," as it has been referred to here, is just an older, potentially outdated concept that should be included in a History section here. 13thehappykid. 03:12, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2019 and 6 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jaselleee (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Andrianicole1. This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 3 March 2020 and 28 March 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Rluna2020 (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Dsalvarez. This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 13 April 2020 and 8 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Anwer2007 (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Zachthompson45.

Identity-first vs. Person-first language

There is an ongoing discussion about person-first vs. identity-first language at the Autism article talk page. Interested editors are invited to participate. --Wikiman2718 (talk) 13:07, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

(duplicate) Merger proposal

This talk is related to Talk:Autism_spectrum#Merger_with_Autism.

I propose to merge Autism into Autism spectrum, because Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder refer to the same thing, just that the former is the older version, and the latter is the latest version. See below.

I am able to state that:

1. According to https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/understanding-autism-basics#1, it was previously called Autism, but it is currently called Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2. According to https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism, Autism is also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder. They are used interchangeably and refers to the same thing. Also, there are many sub-types of Autism, because it refers to a broad range of conditions. Also, Autism is a Spectrum disorder (which is why it is used interchangeably with ASD).
3. According to https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323758.php, ASD is an umbrella term, in it includes Asperger syndrome.

BG5115 (talk) 04:34, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

Autism is a severe form within the Autism spectrum So no need to merge. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 14:44, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

Ignorant caption

Stacking objects during doesnt neecessarily indicate autism. Such astonishing lack of experience. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.48.49.11 (talk) 21:29, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

Text

User:Osterluzei not sure why the heading "overdiagnosis". The frequency of the condition is under epidemiology. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 02:01, 31 December 2019 (UTC)

Overdiagnosis in children and adults

According to a CDC study relying on data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, ASD prevalence was approximately 4% higher based on the historical DSM-IV-TR case definition compared with the new DSM-5 case definition from 2013. Relatively mild forms of autism, such as Aspergers as well as other developmental disorders were included in the recent DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Another observational survey concluded that ASD prevalence was constant between 2014 and 2016 but twice the rate compared to the time period between 2011 and 2014 (1.25 vs. 2.47%). In the U.S, the rates for diagnosed ASD have been steadily increasing since 2000 when records on its epidemiology were first created. Similar prevalences were noted in other industrialized countries during the same time periods.