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| episode_list = List of Game of Thrones episodes
| episode_list = List of Game of Thrones episodes
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"'''Breaker of Chains'''" is the third episode of the [[Game of Thrones (season 4)|fourth season]] of [[HBO]]'s [[fantasy]] television series ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', and the 33rd overall. The episode was written by series co-creators [[David Benioff]] and [[D. B. Weiss]],<ref name="Writers">{{cite web |url=http://winteriscoming.net/2014/02/here-is-your-season-4-writers-breakdown/ |title=Here is your season 4 writers breakdown|publisher=WinterIsComing.net |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=April 11, 2014}}</ref> and directed by [[Alex Graves]].<ref name="4directors">{{Cite web|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/07/16/game-of-thrones-season-4-director-list/|title='Game of Thrones' season 4 directors chosen|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|last=Hibberd|first=James|date=July 16, 2013|accessdate=April 11, 2014}}</ref> It aired on April 20, 2014.<ref name="futon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/game-of-thrones/listings/|title=Shows A–Z – game of thrones|work=The Futon Critic|accessdate=April 11, 2014}}</ref>
"'''Breaker of Chains'''" is the third episode of the [[Game of Thrones (season 4)|fourth season]] of [[HBO]]'s [[fantasy]] television series ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', and the 33rd overall. The episode was written by series co-creators [[David Benioff]] and [[D. B. Weiss]],<ref name="Writers">{{cite web |url=http://winteriscoming.net/2014/02/here-is-your-season-4-writers-breakdown/ |title=Here is your season 4 writers breakdown|publisher=WinterIsComing.net |date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=April 11, 2014}}</ref> and directed by [[Alex Graves]].<ref name="4directors">{{Cite web|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/07/16/game-of-thrones-season-4-director-list/|title='Game of Thrones' season 4 directors chosen|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|last=Hibberd|first=James|date=July 16, 2013|access-date=April 11, 2014}}</ref> It aired on April 20, 2014.<ref name="futon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/game-of-thrones/listings/|title=Shows A–Z – game of thrones|work=The Futon Critic|access-date=April 11, 2014}}</ref>


The episode received critical praise overall, but triggered a public controversy as many interpreted the sexual encounter between [[Jaime Lannister|Jaime]] and [[Cersei Lannister]] as rape.<ref name=AVClub>{{cite news|last=Saraiya|first=Sonia|title=Rape of Thrones. Why are the Game Of Thrones showrunners rewriting the books into misogyny?|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/rape-thrones-203499|accessdate=April 21, 2014|newspaper=A.V. Club|date=April 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Moore">{{cite web|first=Ben |last=Moore|title='Game of Thrones' Author George R.R. Martin Reacts to Controversial Altered Scene|publisher=screenrant.com|date=April 22, 2014|accessdate=April 23, 2014|url=http://screenrant.com/game-thrones-rape-controversy-george-martin-reaction/}}</ref> It marks the final appearance of [[Jack Gleeson]] ([[Joffrey Baratheon]]).
The episode received critical praise overall, but triggered a public controversy as many interpreted the sexual encounter between [[Jaime Lannister|Jaime]] and [[Cersei Lannister]] as rape.<ref name=AVClub>{{cite news|last=Saraiya|first=Sonia|title=Rape of Thrones. Why are the Game Of Thrones showrunners rewriting the books into misogyny?|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/rape-thrones-203499|access-date=April 21, 2014|newspaper=A.V. Club|date=April 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Moore">{{cite web|first=Ben |last=Moore|title='Game of Thrones' Author George R.R. Martin Reacts to Controversial Altered Scene|publisher=screenrant.com|date=April 22, 2014|access-date=April 23, 2014|url=http://screenrant.com/game-thrones-rape-controversy-george-martin-reaction/}}</ref> It marks the final appearance of [[Jack Gleeson]] ([[Joffrey Baratheon]]).


The episode's title refers to the last scene in the episode where Danaery's catapults Broken chains into the city of Mereen, depicting herself as the Breaker of Chains.
The episode's title refers to the last scene in the episode where Danaery's catapults Broken chains into the city of Mereen, depicting herself as the Breaker of Chains.
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==Production==
==Production==
[[File:D. B. Weiss and David Benioff.jpg|right|thumb|The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.]]
[[File:D. B. Weiss and David Benioff.jpg|right|thumb|The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.]]
"Breaker of Chains" was written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, based upon the source material, Martin's ''[[A Storm of Swords]]''.<ref name="AStormOfSwords">{{cite book | title=A Storm of Swords | publisher=Bantam Spectra | author=George R. R. Martin | year=2000 | location=Chapter | isbn=0-553-10663-5 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/stormofswords00mart_0 }}</ref><ref name="FiveThirtyEight">{{cite web | url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/hbo-game-of-thrones-book-characters/ | title=How Much Source Material Does HBO’s ‘Game of Thrones’ Have Left to Work With? | publisher=FiveThirtyEight.com | date=4 May 2014 | accessdate=10 May 2014 | author=Walt Hickey}}</ref> The controversial Jaime-Cersei scene was adapted from chapter 62 of ''A Storm of Swords'' (Jaime VII).<ref name="AStormOfSwords"/><ref name=Westeros.org /><ref name="Kain">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/04/21/game-of-thrones-season-4-episode-3-review-sex-and-violence/ |title='Game Of Thrones' Season 4, Episode 3 Review: Sex And Violence |work=[[Forbes]]|first=Erik|last=Kain|date=April 21, 2014 |accessdate=July 10, 2014}}</ref> Other content came from chapters Sansa V, Tyrion IX and Daenerys V.<ref name="AStormOfSwords"/><ref name=Westeros.org>{{cite web|url=http://www.westeros.org/GoT/Episodes/Entry/Breaker_of_Chains/Book_Spoilers/#Book_to_Screen|title=EP403: Breaker of Chains|last=Garcia|first=Elio|last2=Antonsson|first2=Linda|work=Westeros.org|date=May 3, 2013|accessdate=November 11, 2014}}</ref>
"Breaker of Chains" was written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, based upon the source material, Martin's ''[[A Storm of Swords]]''.<ref name="AStormOfSwords">{{cite book | title=A Storm of Swords | publisher=Bantam Spectra | author=George R. R. Martin | year=2000 | location=Chapter | isbn=0-553-10663-5 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/stormofswords00mart_0 }}</ref><ref name="FiveThirtyEight">{{cite web | url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/hbo-game-of-thrones-book-characters/ | title=How Much Source Material Does HBO’s ‘Game of Thrones’ Have Left to Work With? | publisher=FiveThirtyEight.com | date=4 May 2014 | access-date=10 May 2014 | author=Walt Hickey}}</ref> The controversial Jaime-Cersei scene was adapted from chapter 62 of ''A Storm of Swords'' (Jaime VII).<ref name="AStormOfSwords"/><ref name=Westeros.org /><ref name="Kain">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/04/21/game-of-thrones-season-4-episode-3-review-sex-and-violence/ |title='Game Of Thrones' Season 4, Episode 3 Review: Sex And Violence |work=[[Forbes]]|first=Erik|last=Kain|date=April 21, 2014 |access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> Other content came from chapters Sansa V, Tyrion IX and Daenerys V.<ref name="AStormOfSwords"/><ref name=Westeros.org>{{cite web|url=http://www.westeros.org/GoT/Episodes/Entry/Breaker_of_Chains/Book_Spoilers/#Book_to_Screen|title=EP403: Breaker of Chains|last=Garcia|first=Elio|last2=Antonsson|first2=Linda|work=Westeros.org|date=May 3, 2013|access-date=November 11, 2014}}</ref>


==Reception==
==Reception==
===Ratings===
===Ratings===
"Breaker of Chains" was watched by an estimated 6.6 million people during the first hour. Another 1.6 million watched it on rerun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winteriscoming.net/2014/04/21/game-thrones-viewership-ratings-rise-breaker-chains/|title=Game of Thrones viewership ratings rise once more with Breaker of Chains|first=Mhladnik3 Years|last=Ago|date=21 April 2014|publisher=}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, the episode was viewed by 1.665 million viewers, making it the highest-rated broadcast that week. It also received 0.099 million timeshift viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/weekly-top-10?|title=Top 10 Ratings (21-27 April 2014)|work=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board|BARB]]|accessdate=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
"Breaker of Chains" was watched by an estimated 6.6 million people during the first hour. Another 1.6 million watched it on rerun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winteriscoming.net/2014/04/21/game-thrones-viewership-ratings-rise-breaker-chains/|title=Game of Thrones viewership ratings rise once more with Breaker of Chains|first=Mhladnik3 Years|last=Ago|date=21 April 2014}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, the episode was viewed by 1.665 million viewers, making it the highest-rated broadcast that week. It also received 0.099 million timeshift viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/weekly-top-10?|title=Top 10 Ratings (21-27 April 2014)|work=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board|BARB]]|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>


===Critical reception===
===Critical reception===
The episode was well received by critics, with a 95% rating from 37 reviews on [[Rotten Tomatoes]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Game of Thrones: Season 4: Episode 3|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tv_editorial/news/1929960/game_of_thrones_season_4_episode_3/|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=29 April 2014}}</ref> Matt Fowler of [[IGN]] wrote that the episode deals "with the direct aftermath of King Joffrey's violent demise, though it also [feels] like the most bereft of the first three episodes" and that it "ended with a big, grandiose Daenerys moment – though if one were to compare her launching canisters filled with broken shackles over the walls of Meereen to last year's flambéing of Astapor and stealing off with an entire army (which came at the end of episode 4), this moment lacked 'oomph.'"<ref name="IGN">{{cite web|url=http://ca.ign.com/articles/2014/04/21/game-of-thrones-breaker-of-chains-review|title=Game of Thrones: "Breaker of Chains" Review|last=Fowler|first=Matt|work=[[IGN]]|date=April 20, 2014|accessdate=April 20, 2014}}</ref>
The episode was well received by critics, with a 95% rating from 37 reviews on [[Rotten Tomatoes]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Game of Thrones: Season 4: Episode 3|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tv_editorial/news/1929960/game_of_thrones_season_4_episode_3/|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=29 April 2014}}</ref> Matt Fowler of [[IGN]] wrote that the episode deals "with the direct aftermath of King Joffrey's violent demise, though it also [feels] like the most bereft of the first three episodes" and that it "ended with a big, grandiose Daenerys moment – though if one were to compare her launching canisters filled with broken shackles over the walls of Meereen to last year's flambéing of Astapor and stealing off with an entire army (which came at the end of episode 4), this moment lacked 'oomph.'"<ref name="IGN">{{cite web|url=http://ca.ign.com/articles/2014/04/21/game-of-thrones-breaker-of-chains-review|title=Game of Thrones: "Breaker of Chains" Review|last=Fowler|first=Matt|work=[[IGN]]|date=April 20, 2014|access-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref>


====Rape scene====
====Rape scene====
<!-- Section lead, summarizing the section -->The episode attracted controversy for a scene where Jaime Lannister forces himself upon Cersei Lannister in the Great Sept of Baelor. In the episode, Cersei repeatedly tells Jaime "no", "stop", and "it's not right" while attempting to push him away. In the [[A Storm of Swords|source novel]], however, Cersei initially rejects Jaime's advances but changes her mind, saying "yes",<ref name=AVClub/><ref name="Storm">{{cite book |last=Martin |first=George |date=2000 |title=A Storm of Swords |url=https://archive.org/details/stormofswords00mart/page/851 |location=New York |publisher=Bantam Dell |page=[https://archive.org/details/stormofswords00mart/page/851 851] |isbn=0-553-57342-X |accessdate= |url-access=registration }}</ref> though some readers interpret it as implying rape.<ref name="Moore"/>
<!-- Section lead, summarizing the section -->The episode attracted controversy for a scene where Jaime Lannister forces himself upon Cersei Lannister in the Great Sept of Baelor. In the episode, Cersei repeatedly tells Jaime "no", "stop", and "it's not right" while attempting to push him away. In the [[A Storm of Swords|source novel]], however, Cersei initially rejects Jaime's advances but changes her mind, saying "yes",<ref name=AVClub/><ref name="Storm">{{cite book |last=Martin |first=George |date=2000 |title=A Storm of Swords |url=https://archive.org/details/stormofswords00mart/page/851 |location=New York |publisher=Bantam Dell |page=[https://archive.org/details/stormofswords00mart/page/851 851] |isbn=0-553-57342-X |url-access=registration }}</ref> though some readers interpret it as implying rape.<ref name="Moore"/>


<!-- Addressing the scene's interpretation as rape (or not) -->[[Alan Sepinwall]] of [[HitFix]] stated that viewers interpreted the scene as a rape: "Though there aren't comments on these reviews at the moment, the reaction I've seen on Twitter, in emails and on other blogs suggests nobody is agreeing with [director Alex] Graves' interpretation of the scene and are viewing it as rape, plain and simple."<ref name=HitFix>{{cite news|last=Sepinwall|first=Alan|title=REVIEW: 'GAME OF THRONES' - 'BREAKER OF CHAINS': UNCLE DEADLY?|url=http://www.hitfix.com/whats-alan-watching/review-game-of-thrones-breaker-of-chains-uncle-deadly|accessdate=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[HitFix]]|date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Sandy Hingston of ''[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]'' wrote that the scene had outraged many viewers, but had led others to make "tentative attempts in comments sections to explain why maybe actually this wasn't rape."<ref name="Hingston">{{cite web|last=Hingston|first=Sandy|title=Furious Internet to Jaime Lannister: "Incest: You’re Doing It Wrong". Moral relativism rules when it comes to Game of Thrones, apparently.|url=http://www.phillymag.com/ticket/2014/04/22/furious-internet-jamie-lannister-incest-youre-wrong/|newspaper=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]|date=April 22, 2014|accessdate=April 23, 2014}}</ref> Critics, including Erik Kain of ''[[Forbes]]'',<ref name="Kain"/> Sonia Saraiya of ''[[The A.V. Club]]'',<ref name=AVClub/> Megan Gibson of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'',<ref name=Time>{{cite news|title=George R. R. Martin Responds To That Controversial Game of Thrones Scene|url=http://time.com/71584/george-r-r-martin-game-of-thrones-controversy-rape/|accessdate=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> Amanda Marcotte of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'',<ref name="Marcotte">{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/04/21/game_of_thrones_rape_director_alex_graves_says_the_sex_becomes_consensual.html |title=The Director of Sunday's ''Game of Thrones'' Doesn't Think That Was Rape |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|first=Amanda |last=Marcotte |date=April 21, 2014 |accessdate=April 22, 2014}}</ref> and Alyssa Rosenberg of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', also viewed the scene as rape.<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/04/20/game-of-thrones-review-breaker-of-chains-breakers-of-will/ |title='Game of Thrones' review: Breaker of chains, breakers of will |work=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Alyssa|last=Rosenberg |date=April 20, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- Addressing the scene's interpretation as rape (or not) -->[[Alan Sepinwall]] of [[HitFix]] stated that viewers interpreted the scene as a rape: "Though there aren't comments on these reviews at the moment, the reaction I've seen on Twitter, in emails and on other blogs suggests nobody is agreeing with [director Alex] Graves' interpretation of the scene and are viewing it as rape, plain and simple."<ref name=HitFix>{{cite news|last=Sepinwall|first=Alan|title=REVIEW: 'GAME OF THRONES' - 'BREAKER OF CHAINS': UNCLE DEADLY?|url=http://www.hitfix.com/whats-alan-watching/review-game-of-thrones-breaker-of-chains-uncle-deadly|access-date=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[HitFix]]|date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Sandy Hingston of ''[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]'' wrote that the scene had outraged many viewers, but had led others to make "tentative attempts in comments sections to explain why maybe actually this wasn't rape."<ref name="Hingston">{{cite web|last=Hingston|first=Sandy|title=Furious Internet to Jaime Lannister: "Incest: You’re Doing It Wrong". Moral relativism rules when it comes to Game of Thrones, apparently.|url=http://www.phillymag.com/ticket/2014/04/22/furious-internet-jamie-lannister-incest-youre-wrong/|newspaper=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]|date=April 22, 2014|access-date=April 23, 2014}}</ref> Critics, including Erik Kain of ''[[Forbes]]'',<ref name="Kain"/> Sonia Saraiya of ''[[The A.V. Club]]'',<ref name=AVClub/> Megan Gibson of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'',<ref name=Time>{{cite news|title=George R. R. Martin Responds To That Controversial Game of Thrones Scene|url=http://time.com/71584/george-r-r-martin-game-of-thrones-controversy-rape/|access-date=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> Amanda Marcotte of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'',<ref name="Marcotte">{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/04/21/game_of_thrones_rape_director_alex_graves_says_the_sex_becomes_consensual.html |title=The Director of Sunday's ''Game of Thrones'' Doesn't Think That Was Rape |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|first=Amanda |last=Marcotte |date=April 21, 2014 |access-date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> and Alyssa Rosenberg of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', also viewed the scene as rape.<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/04/20/game-of-thrones-review-breaker-of-chains-breakers-of-will/ |title='Game of Thrones' review: Breaker of chains, breakers of will |work=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Alyssa|last=Rosenberg |date=April 20, 2014 |access-date=April 23, 2014}}</ref>


The episode's director, [[Alex Graves]], described the scene in an interview with ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' as "and then Jaime comes in and he rapes her".<ref name="HollywoodReporter">{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/game-thrones-director-controversial-scene-697733/ |title='Game of Thrones' Director on Controversial Scene: Jaime 'Traumatized,' Cersei 'a Wreck' (Q&A)|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Aaron|last=Couch |date=April 20, 2014|accessdate=April 23, 2014}}</ref> In another interview with HitFix, Graves said "it becomes consensual by the end, because anything for [Jaime and Cersei] ultimately results in a turn-on, especially a power struggle."<ref name=HitFix/> In an interview with [[New York (magazine)#Digital expansion and blogs|Vulture]], Graves further elaborated: "The consensual part of it was that she wraps her legs around him, and she's holding on to the table, clearly not to escape but to get some grounding in what's going on. And also, the other thing that I think is clear before they hit the ground is she starts to make out with him. ... before he rips her undergarment, she's way into kissing him back." Graves stated that it was important for him and others involved with filming the scene to indicate to viewers that the sexual encounter was not completely one-sided, and that he hoped this aspect would not be overlooked.<ref name="Martin">{{cite web|first=Denise |last=Martin |title=Breaking Down Jaime and Cersei’s Controversial Sex Scene, With Last Night’s ''Game of Thrones'' Director |work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|date=April 21, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2014 |url=http://www.vulture.com/2014/04/game-of-thrones-director-on-the-rape-sex-scene.html}}</ref> Noting that during filming, "nobody really wanted to talk about what was going on between the two characters", he described this whole scene in the Sept as "one of my favorite scenes I've ever done".<ref name=HitFix/>
The episode's director, [[Alex Graves]], described the scene in an interview with ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' as "and then Jaime comes in and he rapes her".<ref name="HollywoodReporter">{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/game-thrones-director-controversial-scene-697733/ |title='Game of Thrones' Director on Controversial Scene: Jaime 'Traumatized,' Cersei 'a Wreck' (Q&A)|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Aaron|last=Couch |date=April 20, 2014|access-date=April 23, 2014}}</ref> In another interview with HitFix, Graves said "it becomes consensual by the end, because anything for [Jaime and Cersei] ultimately results in a turn-on, especially a power struggle."<ref name=HitFix/> In an interview with [[New York (magazine)#Digital expansion and blogs|Vulture]], Graves further elaborated: "The consensual part of it was that she wraps her legs around him, and she's holding on to the table, clearly not to escape but to get some grounding in what's going on. And also, the other thing that I think is clear before they hit the ground is she starts to make out with him. ... before he rips her undergarment, she's way into kissing him back." Graves stated that it was important for him and others involved with filming the scene to indicate to viewers that the sexual encounter was not completely one-sided, and that he hoped this aspect would not be overlooked.<ref name="Martin">{{cite web|first=Denise |last=Martin |title=Breaking Down Jaime and Cersei’s Controversial Sex Scene, With Last Night’s ''Game of Thrones'' Director |work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|date=April 21, 2014 |access-date=April 23, 2014 |url=http://www.vulture.com/2014/04/game-of-thrones-director-on-the-rape-sex-scene.html}}</ref> Noting that during filming, "nobody really wanted to talk about what was going on between the two characters", he described this whole scene in the Sept as "one of my favorite scenes I've ever done".<ref name=HitFix/>


Others involved with the series also commented on the scene. [[David Benioff]], who co-wrote the episode and serves as [[showrunner]] with [[D. B. Weiss]], described the interaction of the two siblings as "a really kind of horrifying scene, because you see, obviously, Joffrey's body right there, and you see that Cersei is resisting this. She's saying no, and he's forcing himself on her. So it was a really uncomfortable scene, and a tricky scene to shoot."<ref>{{cite web|title=Game of Thrones Season 4: Inside the Episode #3 (HBO)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUScAGHJHR4|website=[[YouTube]]|publisher=[[HBO]]|accessdate=March 8, 2015}}</ref> [[George R.R. Martin]], author of the novels from which the series is adapted, stated that the dynamic is different between Jaime and Cersei in the show because, as opposed to the books, "Jaime has been back for weeks at the least, maybe longer." He stated that while the setting is the same, "neither character is in the same place as in the books" and that he surmises this "may be why Dan [Weiss] & David [Benioff] played the sept out differently." Martin added that he never discussed the scene with them, and that the scene "was always intended to be disturbing... but [I] regret if it has disturbed people for the wrong reasons."<ref name=Time/> Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, who portrays Jaime, said in an interview that while many saw the scene as a brutal rape, "that was obviously never intended. I understand that one can see it as that, but for us it was much more complex."<ref>{{cite news|last=Bergqvist|first=Mattias|title=Nikolaj Coster-Waldau om DEN DÄR scenen i "Game of thrones"|url=http://bloggar.expressen.se/tvbloggen/2014/04/28/nikolaj-coster-waldau-om-den-dar-scenen-i-game-of-thrones/|accessdate=2 May 2014|newspaper=[[Expressen]]|date=28 April 2014}} As translated in: {{cite web|last=García|first=Elio|title=HEADEY, COSTER-WALDAU ON SEPT SCENE|url=http://www.westeros.org/GoT/News/Entry/Headey_Coster_Waldau_on_Sept_Scene|work=Westeros.org|accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref> Lena Headey, who portrays Cersei, declined to comment about whether she interpreted the sex as consensual, but said that "it's a very complicated moment for many reasons ... There was this need and it wasn't right and yet it felt great and yet it wasn't right and it played out the way it did. And I was really happy with [the scene]."<ref>{{cite news|last=Schlossberg|first=Mallory|title='GAME OF THRONES' LENA HEADEY TALKS CONTROVERSIAL RAPE SCENE BUT LEAVES US WANTING MORE|url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/22760-game-of-thrones-lena-headey-talks-controversial-rape-scene-but-leaves-us-wanting-more-video|accessdate=2 May 2014|newspaper=Bustle|date=30 April 2014}}</ref>
Others involved with the series also commented on the scene. [[David Benioff]], who co-wrote the episode and serves as [[showrunner]] with [[D. B. Weiss]], described the interaction of the two siblings as "a really kind of horrifying scene, because you see, obviously, Joffrey's body right there, and you see that Cersei is resisting this. She's saying no, and he's forcing himself on her. So it was a really uncomfortable scene, and a tricky scene to shoot."<ref>{{cite web|title=Game of Thrones Season 4: Inside the Episode #3 (HBO)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUScAGHJHR4|website=[[YouTube]]|publisher=[[HBO]]|access-date=March 8, 2015}}</ref> [[George R.R. Martin]], author of the novels from which the series is adapted, stated that the dynamic is different between Jaime and Cersei in the show because, as opposed to the books, "Jaime has been back for weeks at the least, maybe longer." He stated that while the setting is the same, "neither character is in the same place as in the books" and that he surmises this "may be why Dan [Weiss] & David [Benioff] played the sept out differently." Martin added that he never discussed the scene with them, and that the scene "was always intended to be disturbing... but [I] regret if it has disturbed people for the wrong reasons."<ref name=Time/> Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, who portrays Jaime, said in an interview that while many saw the scene as a brutal rape, "that was obviously never intended. I understand that one can see it as that, but for us it was much more complex."<ref>{{cite news|last=Bergqvist|first=Mattias|title=Nikolaj Coster-Waldau om DEN DÄR scenen i "Game of thrones"|url=http://bloggar.expressen.se/tvbloggen/2014/04/28/nikolaj-coster-waldau-om-den-dar-scenen-i-game-of-thrones/|access-date=2 May 2014|newspaper=[[Expressen]]|date=28 April 2014}} As translated in: {{cite web|last=García|first=Elio|title=HEADEY, COSTER-WALDAU ON SEPT SCENE|url=http://www.westeros.org/GoT/News/Entry/Headey_Coster_Waldau_on_Sept_Scene|work=Westeros.org|access-date=2 May 2014}}</ref> Lena Headey, who portrays Cersei, declined to comment about whether she interpreted the sex as consensual, but said that "it's a very complicated moment for many reasons ... There was this need and it wasn't right and yet it felt great and yet it wasn't right and it played out the way it did. And I was really happy with [the scene]."<ref>{{cite news|last=Schlossberg|first=Mallory|title='GAME OF THRONES' LENA HEADEY TALKS CONTROVERSIAL RAPE SCENE BUT LEAVES US WANTING MORE|url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/22760-game-of-thrones-lena-headey-talks-controversial-rape-scene-but-leaves-us-wanting-more-video|access-date=2 May 2014|newspaper=Bustle|date=30 April 2014}}</ref>


<!-- Discussion of what this means for the series and the broader culture-->To Saraiya, the series' choice to portray this scene as rape appeared to be an act of "[[Exploitation fiction|exploitation]] for shock value".<ref name=AVClub/> Marcotte and Josh Wigler of [[MTV]] commented that the rape scene may have damaged Jaime's character's arc of redemption from his earlier crimes, and Marcotte wrote that it might never recover from the rape.<ref name="Marcotte"/><ref name="Wigler">{{cite web|first=Josh |last= Wigler|title='Game Of Thrones' Author Reacts To 'Disturbing' Jaime-Cersei Scene|publisher=[[MTV]]|date=April 22, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2014|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1726555/game-of-thrones-george-rr-martin-jaime-cersei.jhtml}}</ref> Dustin Rowles of ''[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]'' noted that viewers who were previously able to sympathize with Jaime despite his earlier crimes of murder and incest now became angry at the series' creators "for allowing a terrible person to do something more terrible than our minds will allow us to forgive."<ref>{{cite news|last=Rowles|first=Dustin|title=Why the "Game of Thrones" rape scene caused fans to respond in the worst possible way |url=http://www.salon.com/2014/04/24/why_the_game_of_thrones_rape_scene_caused_fans_to_respond_in_the_worst_possible_way_partner/|accessdate=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]|date=April 24, 2014}}</ref> Andrew Romano of ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' opined that the scene "wasn't supposed to be a rape. It was supposed to look consensual. The filmmakers messed up." He cited the fact that "neither the director of the scene nor the two actors who played it seem to think that Jaime raped Cersei—and the story itself is continuing to chug along as if the rape never happened and Jaime is still a character we're supposed to root for." He suggested that viewers "ignore the rape—at least from a narrative perspective" because Benioff and Weiss had "botched" it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/04/why-we-should-pretend-the-game-of-thrones-rape-scene-never-happened.html|title=Why We Should Pretend the ‘Game of Thrones’ Rape Scene Never Happened|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=May 4, 2014|accessdate=April 7, 2015}}</ref> In a broader context, Hingston credited the episode with furthering "the furious debate over [[consent]] going on in our culture".<ref name="Hingston" /> Laura Hudson of ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' described the scene and its appraisal by its director as "one that encourages the most dangerous thinking about rape imaginable: that when a woman is held down on the ground, screaming for the man to stop, that deep down inside her she might still really want it." She considered Graves' lack of realization that he was filming a rape scene disturbing because, according to Hudson, his comments encouraged the thinking that a man's persistence might "'turn' a rape into something consensual", and that it is a "dysfunctional, dangerous way of looking at sex and consent, one that is based on the idea of forcing women to give it".<ref name="Wired 21 April 2014">{{cite news|last=Hudson|first=Laura|title=That Game of Thrones Scene Wasn’t a ‘Turn-On,’ It Was Rape|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/04/game-of-thrones-rape/|accessdate=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=April 21, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- Discussion of what this means for the series and the broader culture-->To Saraiya, the series' choice to portray this scene as rape appeared to be an act of "[[Exploitation fiction|exploitation]] for shock value".<ref name=AVClub/> Marcotte and Josh Wigler of [[MTV]] commented that the rape scene may have damaged Jaime's character's arc of redemption from his earlier crimes, and Marcotte wrote that it might never recover from the rape.<ref name="Marcotte"/><ref name="Wigler">{{cite web|first=Josh |last= Wigler|title='Game Of Thrones' Author Reacts To 'Disturbing' Jaime-Cersei Scene|publisher=[[MTV]]|date=April 22, 2014 |access-date=April 23, 2014|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1726555/game-of-thrones-george-rr-martin-jaime-cersei.jhtml}}</ref> Dustin Rowles of ''[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]'' noted that viewers who were previously able to sympathize with Jaime despite his earlier crimes of murder and incest now became angry at the series' creators "for allowing a terrible person to do something more terrible than our minds will allow us to forgive."<ref>{{cite news|last=Rowles|first=Dustin|title=Why the "Game of Thrones" rape scene caused fans to respond in the worst possible way |url=http://www.salon.com/2014/04/24/why_the_game_of_thrones_rape_scene_caused_fans_to_respond_in_the_worst_possible_way_partner/|access-date=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]|date=April 24, 2014}}</ref> Andrew Romano of ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' opined that the scene "wasn't supposed to be a rape. It was supposed to look consensual. The filmmakers messed up." He cited the fact that "neither the director of the scene nor the two actors who played it seem to think that Jaime raped Cersei—and the story itself is continuing to chug along as if the rape never happened and Jaime is still a character we're supposed to root for." He suggested that viewers "ignore the rape—at least from a narrative perspective" because Benioff and Weiss had "botched" it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/04/why-we-should-pretend-the-game-of-thrones-rape-scene-never-happened.html|title=Why We Should Pretend the ‘Game of Thrones’ Rape Scene Never Happened|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=May 4, 2014|access-date=April 7, 2015}}</ref> In a broader context, Hingston credited the episode with furthering "the furious debate over [[consent]] going on in our culture".<ref name="Hingston" /> Laura Hudson of ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' described the scene and its appraisal by its director as "one that encourages the most dangerous thinking about rape imaginable: that when a woman is held down on the ground, screaming for the man to stop, that deep down inside her she might still really want it." She considered Graves' lack of realization that he was filming a rape scene disturbing because, according to Hudson, his comments encouraged the thinking that a man's persistence might "'turn' a rape into something consensual", and that it is a "dysfunctional, dangerous way of looking at sex and consent, one that is based on the idea of forcing women to give it".<ref name="Wired 21 April 2014">{{cite news|last=Hudson|first=Laura|title=That Game of Thrones Scene Wasn’t a ‘Turn-On,’ It Was Rape|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/04/game-of-thrones-rape/|access-date=April 27, 2014|newspaper=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=April 21, 2014}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:31, 12 December 2020

"Breaker of Chains"
Game of Thrones episode
Episode no.Season 4
Episode 3
Directed byAlex Graves
Written byDavid Benioff
D. B. Weiss
Featured musicRamin Djawadi
Cinematography byAnette Haellmigk
Editing byKatie Weiland
Original air dateApril 20, 2014 (2014-04-20)
Running time57 minutes
Guest appearances
Episode chronology
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"The Lion and the Rose" 		Next →
"Oathkeeper"
Game of Thrones (season 4)
List of episodes

"Breaker of Chains" is the third episode of the fourth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 33rd overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss,[1] and directed by Alex Graves.[2] It aired on April 20, 2014.[3]

The episode received critical praise overall, but triggered a public controversy as many interpreted the sexual encounter between Jaime and Cersei Lannister as rape.[4][5] It marks the final appearance of Jack Gleeson (Joffrey Baratheon).

The episode's title refers to the last scene in the episode where Danaery's catapults Broken chains into the city of Mereen, depicting herself as the Breaker of Chains.

Plot

In the Narrow Sea

Sansa flees with Dontos to a ship. She is greeted by Littlefinger, who kills Dontos to stop him revealing the plot. He tells Sansa that the necklace Dontos gave her was fake and part of the plan.

In King's Landing

In the Sept of Baelor, while Cersei grieves for Joffrey, Tywin speaks to Tommen about becoming the king. Jaime arrives and Cersei begs him to kill Tyrion, but he refuses. Cersei kisses Jaime but then pushes him away. Despite Cersei's objections, Jaime forces himself on her next to Joffrey's body.

Tywin suspects that Oberyn had a hand in Joffrey's murder and Oberyn accuses Tywin of ordering the Mountain to murder Elia. Tywin offers to have the Mountain speak with Oberyn in exchange for Oberyn serving as one of the three judges in Tyrion's trial.

Podrick visits Tyrion in his cell. Tyrion asks Podrick to bring Jaime. Podrick reveals that he turned down the offer of a knighthood to testify against Tyrion, and Tyrion orders Podrick to leave King's Landing for his own safety.

In the North

Fearing for her safety at Castle Black, Sam sends Gilly to shelter in Mole's Town.

The wildlings raid a village and Styr forces a young boy, Olly, to run to Castle Black and tell the Night's Watch what they have done.

Edd Tollett and Grenn return to Castle Black and inform them that Karl's group is living at Craster's Keep. Jon remembers his lie to Mance Rayder about having 1,000 men guarding the Wall at Castle Black and says they must kill Karl's group before Rayder finds out the truth about the Night's Watch forces.

At Dragonstone

Stannis informs Davos that Joffrey is dead and chastises him for releasing Gendry. Davos has Shireen write a message to the Iron Bank of Braavos in Stannis' name.

In the Riverlands

Sandor and Arya continue their journey to the Vale. A farmer invites the duo to spend the night with him; when Arya wakes, she finds the Hound has robbed the farmer.

Outside Meereen

Daenerys' army arrive at Meereen. Jorah informs Daenerys that she must send a champion to fight the champion of Meereen. Daario is selected and he kills the champion. Daenerys addresses Meereen's slaves, declaring that she intends to bring them freedom, and uses catapults to shoot barrels of broken chains into Meereen as proof.

Production

The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.

"Breaker of Chains" was written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, based upon the source material, Martin's A Storm of Swords.[6][7] The controversial Jaime-Cersei scene was adapted from chapter 62 of A Storm of Swords (Jaime VII).[6][8][9] Other content came from chapters Sansa V, Tyrion IX and Daenerys V.[6][8]

Reception

Ratings

"Breaker of Chains" was watched by an estimated 6.6 million people during the first hour. Another 1.6 million watched it on rerun.[10] In the United Kingdom, the episode was viewed by 1.665 million viewers, making it the highest-rated broadcast that week. It also received 0.099 million timeshift viewers.[11]

Critical reception

The episode was well received by critics, with a 95% rating from 37 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes.[12] Matt Fowler of IGN wrote that the episode deals "with the direct aftermath of King Joffrey's violent demise, though it also [feels] like the most bereft of the first three episodes" and that it "ended with a big, grandiose Daenerys moment – though if one were to compare her launching canisters filled with broken shackles over the walls of Meereen to last year's flambéing of Astapor and stealing off with an entire army (which came at the end of episode 4), this moment lacked 'oomph.'"[13]

Rape scene

The episode attracted controversy for a scene where Jaime Lannister forces himself upon Cersei Lannister in the Great Sept of Baelor. In the episode, Cersei repeatedly tells Jaime "no", "stop", and "it's not right" while attempting to push him away. In the source novel, however, Cersei initially rejects Jaime's advances but changes her mind, saying "yes",[4][14] though some readers interpret it as implying rape.[5]

Alan Sepinwall of HitFix stated that viewers interpreted the scene as a rape: "Though there aren't comments on these reviews at the moment, the reaction I've seen on Twitter, in emails and on other blogs suggests nobody is agreeing with [director Alex] Graves' interpretation of the scene and are viewing it as rape, plain and simple."[15] Sandy Hingston of Philadelphia wrote that the scene had outraged many viewers, but had led others to make "tentative attempts in comments sections to explain why maybe actually this wasn't rape."[16] Critics, including Erik Kain of Forbes,[9] Sonia Saraiya of The A.V. Club,[4] Megan Gibson of Time,[17] Amanda Marcotte of Slate,[18] and Alyssa Rosenberg of The Washington Post, also viewed the scene as rape.[19]

The episode's director, Alex Graves, described the scene in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter as "and then Jaime comes in and he rapes her".[20] In another interview with HitFix, Graves said "it becomes consensual by the end, because anything for [Jaime and Cersei] ultimately results in a turn-on, especially a power struggle."[15] In an interview with Vulture, Graves further elaborated: "The consensual part of it was that she wraps her legs around him, and she's holding on to the table, clearly not to escape but to get some grounding in what's going on. And also, the other thing that I think is clear before they hit the ground is she starts to make out with him. ... before he rips her undergarment, she's way into kissing him back." Graves stated that it was important for him and others involved with filming the scene to indicate to viewers that the sexual encounter was not completely one-sided, and that he hoped this aspect would not be overlooked.[21] Noting that during filming, "nobody really wanted to talk about what was going on between the two characters", he described this whole scene in the Sept as "one of my favorite scenes I've ever done".[15]

Others involved with the series also commented on the scene. David Benioff, who co-wrote the episode and serves as showrunner with D. B. Weiss, described the interaction of the two siblings as "a really kind of horrifying scene, because you see, obviously, Joffrey's body right there, and you see that Cersei is resisting this. She's saying no, and he's forcing himself on her. So it was a really uncomfortable scene, and a tricky scene to shoot."[22] George R.R. Martin, author of the novels from which the series is adapted, stated that the dynamic is different between Jaime and Cersei in the show because, as opposed to the books, "Jaime has been back for weeks at the least, maybe longer." He stated that while the setting is the same, "neither character is in the same place as in the books" and that he surmises this "may be why Dan [Weiss] & David [Benioff] played the sept out differently." Martin added that he never discussed the scene with them, and that the scene "was always intended to be disturbing... but [I] regret if it has disturbed people for the wrong reasons."[17] Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, who portrays Jaime, said in an interview that while many saw the scene as a brutal rape, "that was obviously never intended. I understand that one can see it as that, but for us it was much more complex."[23] Lena Headey, who portrays Cersei, declined to comment about whether she interpreted the sex as consensual, but said that "it's a very complicated moment for many reasons ... There was this need and it wasn't right and yet it felt great and yet it wasn't right and it played out the way it did. And I was really happy with [the scene]."[24]

To Saraiya, the series' choice to portray this scene as rape appeared to be an act of "exploitation for shock value".[4] Marcotte and Josh Wigler of MTV commented that the rape scene may have damaged Jaime's character's arc of redemption from his earlier crimes, and Marcotte wrote that it might never recover from the rape.[18][25] Dustin Rowles of Salon noted that viewers who were previously able to sympathize with Jaime despite his earlier crimes of murder and incest now became angry at the series' creators "for allowing a terrible person to do something more terrible than our minds will allow us to forgive."[26] Andrew Romano of The Daily Beast opined that the scene "wasn't supposed to be a rape. It was supposed to look consensual. The filmmakers messed up." He cited the fact that "neither the director of the scene nor the two actors who played it seem to think that Jaime raped Cersei—and the story itself is continuing to chug along as if the rape never happened and Jaime is still a character we're supposed to root for." He suggested that viewers "ignore the rape—at least from a narrative perspective" because Benioff and Weiss had "botched" it.[27] In a broader context, Hingston credited the episode with furthering "the furious debate over consent going on in our culture".[16] Laura Hudson of Wired described the scene and its appraisal by its director as "one that encourages the most dangerous thinking about rape imaginable: that when a woman is held down on the ground, screaming for the man to stop, that deep down inside her she might still really want it." She considered Graves' lack of realization that he was filming a rape scene disturbing because, according to Hudson, his comments encouraged the thinking that a man's persistence might "'turn' a rape into something consensual", and that it is a "dysfunctional, dangerous way of looking at sex and consent, one that is based on the idea of forcing women to give it".[28]

References

  1. ^ "Here is your season 4 writers breakdown". WinterIsComing.net. February 26, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  2. ^ Hibberd, James (July 16, 2013). "'Game of Thrones' season 4 directors chosen". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  3. ^ "Shows A–Z – game of thrones". The Futon Critic. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d Saraiya, Sonia (April 20, 2014). "Rape of Thrones. Why are the Game Of Thrones showrunners rewriting the books into misogyny?". A.V. Club. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Moore, Ben (April 22, 2014). "'Game of Thrones' Author George R.R. Martin Reacts to Controversial Altered Scene". screenrant.com. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c George R. R. Martin (2000). A Storm of Swords. Chapter: Bantam Spectra. ISBN 0-553-10663-5.
  7. ^ Walt Hickey (4 May 2014). "How Much Source Material Does HBO's 'Game of Thrones' Have Left to Work With?". FiveThirtyEight.com. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  8. ^ a b Garcia, Elio; Antonsson, Linda (May 3, 2013). "EP403: Breaker of Chains". Westeros.org. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  9. ^ a b Kain, Erik (April 21, 2014). "'Game Of Thrones' Season 4, Episode 3 Review: Sex And Violence". Forbes. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  10. ^ Ago, Mhladnik3 Years (21 April 2014). "Game of Thrones viewership ratings rise once more with Breaker of Chains".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Top 10 Ratings (21-27 April 2014)". BARB. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  12. ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 4: Episode 3". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  13. ^ Fowler, Matt (April 20, 2014). "Game of Thrones: "Breaker of Chains" Review". IGN. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  14. ^ Martin, George (2000). A Storm of Swords. New York: Bantam Dell. p. 851. ISBN 0-553-57342-X.
  15. ^ a b c Sepinwall, Alan (April 20, 2014). "REVIEW: 'GAME OF THRONES' - 'BREAKER OF CHAINS': UNCLE DEADLY?". HitFix. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  16. ^ a b Hingston, Sandy (April 22, 2014). "Furious Internet to Jaime Lannister: "Incest: You're Doing It Wrong". Moral relativism rules when it comes to Game of Thrones, apparently". Philadelphia. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  17. ^ a b "George R. R. Martin Responds To That Controversial Game of Thrones Scene". Time. April 22, 2014. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  18. ^ a b Marcotte, Amanda (April 21, 2014). "The Director of Sunday's Game of Thrones Doesn't Think That Was Rape". Slate. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  19. ^ Rosenberg, Alyssa (April 20, 2014). "'Game of Thrones' review: Breaker of chains, breakers of will". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  20. ^ Couch, Aaron (April 20, 2014). "'Game of Thrones' Director on Controversial Scene: Jaime 'Traumatized,' Cersei 'a Wreck' (Q&A)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  21. ^ Martin, Denise (April 21, 2014). "Breaking Down Jaime and Cersei's Controversial Sex Scene, With Last Night's Game of Thrones Director". Vulture. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  22. ^ "Game of Thrones Season 4: Inside the Episode #3 (HBO)". YouTube. HBO. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  23. ^ Bergqvist, Mattias (28 April 2014). "Nikolaj Coster-Waldau om DEN DÄR scenen i "Game of thrones"". Expressen. Retrieved 2 May 2014. As translated in: García, Elio. "HEADEY, COSTER-WALDAU ON SEPT SCENE". Westeros.org. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  24. ^ Schlossberg, Mallory (30 April 2014). "'GAME OF THRONES' LENA HEADEY TALKS CONTROVERSIAL RAPE SCENE BUT LEAVES US WANTING MORE". Bustle. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  25. ^ Wigler, Josh (April 22, 2014). "'Game Of Thrones' Author Reacts To 'Disturbing' Jaime-Cersei Scene". MTV. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  26. ^ Rowles, Dustin (April 24, 2014). "Why the "Game of Thrones" rape scene caused fans to respond in the worst possible way". Salon. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  27. ^ "Why We Should Pretend the 'Game of Thrones' Rape Scene Never Happened". The Daily Beast. May 4, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  28. ^ Hudson, Laura (April 21, 2014). "That Game of Thrones Scene Wasn't a 'Turn-On,' It Was Rape". Wired. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
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