Sequential (company): Difference between revisions
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=== 1974 —1980: Founding and first Prophets === |
=== 1974 —1980: Founding and first Prophets === |
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Engineer [[Dave Smith (engineer)|Dave Smith]] founded Sequential Circuits in San Francisco in 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url= |
Engineer [[Dave Smith (engineer)|Dave Smith]] founded Sequential Circuits in San Francisco in 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/dave-smith-in-his-own-words/149095|title=Keyboardmag: Dave Smith in His Own Words|date=2013-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611201044/http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/dave-smith-in-his-own-words/149095|access-date=2018-10-17|archive-date=2013-06-11}}</ref> The first Sequential Circuits product was an analog [[Sequencer (musical instrument)|sequencer]] for use with [[Moog synthesizer|Moog]] and [[ARP Instruments|ARP]] synthesizers, followed by a digital [[Music sequencer|sequencer]] and the Model 700 Programmer, which allowed for programming on Minimoog and ARP 2600.<ref name=":1" /> The Model 800, launched in 1975, was controlled and programmed with a microprocessor.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Computer Music|last=Dean|first=Roger T.|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533161-5|date=2009|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AuwvREYWOMEC&pg=PA58 58]|chapter=Hardware Digital Synthesizers and How They Developed|quote=''in 1975 the newly established company Sequential Circuits had, as one of its first products, an analog CV sequencer controlled and programmed with a microprocessor.''}}</ref> |
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[[Image:SCI Prophet 5.jpg|thumb|The Prophet-5 (1978), the first Sequential synthesizer]]At the same time, Smith had a full-time job working with [[Microprocessor|microprocessors]], then a new technology, and conceived the idea of combining them with synthesizer chips to create a programmable synthesizer. In early 1977, he quit his job to work full-time on a design for the [[Sequential Circuits Prophet-5|Prophet-5]], a programmable [[Polyphony and monophony in instruments|polyphonic]] synthesizer. He demonstrated it at [[NAMM Show|NAMM]] in January 1978 and shipped the first models later that year.<ref name=":1" /> Unlike its nearest competitor, the [[Yamaha CS-80]], the Prophet-5 had patch memory, allowing users to store sounds rather than having to reprogram them manually.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.factmag.com/2016/09/15/14-most-important-synths/|title=The 14 most important synths in electronic music history – and the musicians who use them|date=2016-09-15|work=FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music.|access-date=2018-10-17|language=en-US}}</ref> |
[[Image:SCI Prophet 5.jpg|thumb|The Prophet-5 (1978), the first Sequential synthesizer]]At the same time, Smith had a full-time job working with [[Microprocessor|microprocessors]], then a new technology, and conceived the idea of combining them with synthesizer chips to create a programmable synthesizer. In early 1977, he quit his job to work full-time on a design for the [[Sequential Circuits Prophet-5|Prophet-5]], a programmable [[Polyphony and monophony in instruments|polyphonic]] synthesizer. He demonstrated it at [[NAMM Show|NAMM]] in January 1978 and shipped the first models later that year.<ref name=":1" /> Unlike its nearest competitor, the [[Yamaha CS-80]], the Prophet-5 had patch memory, allowing users to store sounds rather than having to reprogram them manually.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.factmag.com/2016/09/15/14-most-important-synths/|title=The 14 most important synths in electronic music history – and the musicians who use them|date=2016-09-15|work=FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music.|access-date=2018-10-17|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== 1981—1982: MIDI === |
=== 1981—1982: MIDI === |
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{{Main|MIDI}}[[Image:SCI Prophet 600 (angled).jpg|thumb|Prophet 600 (1982), the first Sequential Circuits synthesizer with MIDI functionality]] |
{{Main|MIDI}}[[Image:SCI Prophet 600 (angled).jpg|thumb|Prophet 600 (1982), the first Sequential Circuits synthesizer with MIDI functionality]] |
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In 1981, [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] founder [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] contacted Smith about creating a [[Standardization|standardized]] means of synchronizing electronic instruments manufactured by different companies.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=http://www.factmag.com/2017/04/02/ikutaro-kakehashi-life/|title=The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to|date=2017-04-02|work=FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music.|access-date=2018-09-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Smith and Sequential engineer Chet Wood designed an interface using Roland's [[Digital Control Bus]] (DCB) as a basis.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=IbtJAgAAQBAJ& |
In 1981, [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] founder [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] contacted Smith about creating a [[Standardization|standardized]] means of synchronizing electronic instruments manufactured by different companies.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=http://www.factmag.com/2017/04/02/ikutaro-kakehashi-life/|title=The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to|date=2017-04-02|work=FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music.|access-date=2018-09-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Smith and Sequential engineer Chet Wood designed an interface using Roland's [[Digital Control Bus]] (DCB) as a basis.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IbtJAgAAQBAJ&q=%22mark+vail%22+808&pg=PT72|title=Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music|last=Kirn|first=Peter|date=2011|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=978-1-61713-446-3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201235744/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IbtJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT72&lpg=PT72&dq=%22mark+vail%22+808&source=bl&ots=dOOpEyQGfI&sig=nPF6yAIeQlupw3Pw0Drg6LE34r4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir3b7qhsfRAhUFJcAKHfSNCyMQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=%22mark%20vail%22%20808&f=false|archivedate=1 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This standard was discussed and modified by representatives of Roland, Yamaha, Korg, and Kawai.<ref name="chadab5100">{{cite journal|last=Chadabe|first=Joel|authorlink=Joel Chadabe|date=1 May 2000|title=Part IV: The Seeds of the Future|url=http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415|url-status=dead|journal=Electronic Musician|publisher=Penton Media|volume=XVI|issue=5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928230435/http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415|archivedate=28 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Holmes">Holmes, Thom. ''Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition''. New York: Routledge, 2003</ref>{{rp|20|date=November 2012}} The protocol was named [[MIDI|Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)]]<ref name="Huber 1991">{{cite book|title=The MIDI Manual|last=Huber|first=David Miles|date=1991|publisher=SAMS|isbn=9780672227578|location=Carmel, Indiana|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/midimanual00hube}}</ref>{{rp|4|date=November 2012}} and unveiled by Kakehashi and Smith, who received [[Technical Grammy Award|Technical Grammy Awards]] in 2013 for their work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/news/technical-grammy-award-ikutaro-kakehashi-and-dave-smith|title=Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi And Dave Smith|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822073641/http://www.grammy.com/news/technical-grammy-award-ikutaro-kakehashi-and-dave-smith|archivedate=22 August 2016|url-status=live|accessdate=31 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/videos/technical-grammy-award-recipients-ikutaro-kakehashi-and-dave-smith-at-special-merit-awards|title=Ikutaro Kakehashi, Dave Smith: Technical GRAMMY Award Acceptance|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209022049/http://www.grammy.com/videos/technical-grammy-award-recipients-ikutaro-kakehashi-and-dave-smith-at-special-merit-awards|archivedate=9 December 2014|url-status=live|accessdate=31 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Synthesizer|last1=Vail|first1=Mark|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-539481-8|location=New York|page=56}}</ref> In 1982, Sequential released the Prophet 600, one of the first MIDI-equipped synthesizers.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} |
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=== 1987: Closure === |
=== 1987: Closure === |
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Revision as of 01:48, 21 November 2020
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| Formerly |
|
|---|---|
| Founded | 1974 |
| Headquarters | 1527 Stockton Street San Francisco, California, U.S. |
Key people | Dave Smith (founder) |
| Products | Synthesizers |
| Brands | Prophet |
| Website | sequential.com |
Sequential is an American synthesizer company founded in 1974 as Sequential Circuits by Dave Smith. In 1978, Sequential released the Prophet-5, the first programmable polyphonic synthesizer, used by artists including Michael Jackson, Madonna, and John Carpenter. Sequential was also pivotal to the development of MIDI in 1982, which synchronizes electronic instruments by different manufacturers.
In 1987, Sequential went out of business and was purchased by Yamaha. Smith continued to develop instruments through a new company, Dave Smith Instruments. In 2015, Yamaha returned the Sequential Circuits trademark to Dave Smith Instruments, which rebranded as Sequential in 2018.
History
1974 —1980: Founding and first Prophets
Engineer Dave Smith founded Sequential Circuits in San Francisco in 1974.[1] The first Sequential Circuits product was an analog sequencer for use with Moog and ARP synthesizers, followed by a digital sequencer and the Model 700 Programmer, which allowed for programming on Minimoog and ARP 2600.[1] The Model 800, launched in 1975, was controlled and programmed with a microprocessor.[2]
At the same time, Smith had a full-time job working with microprocessors, then a new technology, and conceived the idea of combining them with synthesizer chips to create a programmable synthesizer. In early 1977, he quit his job to work full-time on a design for the Prophet-5, a programmable polyphonic synthesizer. He demonstrated it at NAMM in January 1978 and shipped the first models later that year.[1] Unlike its nearest competitor, the Yamaha CS-80, the Prophet-5 had patch memory, allowing users to store sounds rather than having to reprogram them manually.[3]
The Prophet-5 became a market leader and industry standard.[3] It has been used by pop and hip hop musicians such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Dr Dre, and by film composers such as John Carpenter.[3] It was followed by the larger Prophet-10, which was less successful as it was notorious for unreliability.[4] The smaller Pro-One, essentially a monophonic Prophet-5,[5] saw more success.[3]
1981—1982: MIDI
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In 1981, Roland founder Ikutaro Kakehashi contacted Smith about creating a standardized means of synchronizing electronic instruments manufactured by different companies.[6] Smith and Sequential engineer Chet Wood designed an interface using Roland's Digital Control Bus (DCB) as a basis.[7] This standard was discussed and modified by representatives of Roland, Yamaha, Korg, and Kawai.[8][9]: 20 The protocol was named Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)[10]: 4 and unveiled by Kakehashi and Smith, who received Technical Grammy Awards in 2013 for their work.[11][12][13] In 1982, Sequential released the Prophet 600, one of the first MIDI-equipped synthesizers.[citation needed]
1987: Closure
In 1987, Sequential Circuits went out of business. Smith blamed the decision to move to computer audio in 1985: "We were too small and under-capitalized, and we were a few years too early in the market ... It drained our resources, so by the time we pulled back to professional instruments, it was too late."[1] Sequential Circuits was purchased by Yamaha, who shut it down in 1989. Smith moved to Korg, where he worked mainly on the Wavestation synthesizer.[1]
2002 —2014: Dave Smith Instruments
In 2002, after several years working on software synthesis, Smith opened a new company, Dave Smith Instruments (DSI), to build new hardware. Its first product was the Evolver synthesizer in 2002.[1] In 2008, DSI launched the Prophet '08, conceived as an affordable analog eight-voice synthesizer.[1]
2015 —present: return to Sequential
In January 2015, Yamaha returned the Sequential Circuits brands to Smith in a goodwill gesture. This was at the encouragement of Roland founder Ikutaro Kakehashi, who had worked with Smith to create MIDI. Kakehashi said: "I feel that it’s important to get rid of unnecessary conflict among electronic musical instrument companies. That is exactly the spirit of MIDI. For this reason, I personally recommended that the President of Yamaha, Mr. Nakata, return the rights to the Sequential name to Dave Smith."[14]
In 2015, Smith announced the Prophet-6, described as a spiritual successor to the Prophet-5.[15] In May 2018, Sequential announced the Prophet-X, featuring both sample playback and digitally controlled oscillators.[16] On August 31, 2018, the 40th anniversary of the Prophet-5, Dave Smith Instruments rebranded as Sequential.[17] On September 30, 2020, Sequential announced the Prophet-5 rev4 and Prophet-10. [18]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Keyboardmag: Dave Smith in His Own Words". 2013-06-11. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ^ Dean, Roger T. (2009). "Hardware Digital Synthesizers and How They Developed". The Oxford Handbook of Computer Music. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-533161-5.
in 1975 the newly established company Sequential Circuits had, as one of its first products, an analog CV sequencer controlled and programmed with a microprocessor.
- ^ a b c d "The 14 most important synths in electronic music history – and the musicians who use them". FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music. 2016-09-15. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ^ Reid, Gordon (March 1999). "Sequential Circuits – Prophet Synthesizers 5 & 10 (Retro)". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
- ^ "SCI Pro1". Sound on Sound. March 1994. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015.
- ^ "The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to". FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music. 2017-04-02. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
- ^ Kirn, Peter (2011). Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-61713-446-3. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017.
- ^ Chadabe, Joel (1 May 2000). "Part IV: The Seeds of the Future". Electronic Musician. XVI (5). Penton Media. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012.
- ^ Holmes, Thom. Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition. New York: Routledge, 2003
- ^ Huber, David Miles (1991). The MIDI Manual. Carmel, Indiana: SAMS. ISBN 9780672227578.
- ^ "Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi And Dave Smith". Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Ikutaro Kakehashi, Dave Smith: Technical GRAMMY Award Acceptance". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ Vail, Mark (2014). The Synthesizer. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-539481-8.
- ^ "Yamaha Returns Sequential Brand to Dave Smith". Music Trades. 163 (2): 30. March 2015.
- ^ "Review: Sequential Prophet-6 Analog Synth". KeyboardMag. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- ^ "Dave Smith reveals Sequential Prophet X |". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- ^ Advisor, Resident. "Dave Smith Instruments rebrands as Sequential". Resident Advisor. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "Prophet-5 Returns!". www.sequential.com.