Abyssal fan: Difference between revisions
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'''Abyssal fans''', also known as '''deep-sea fans''', '''underwater deltas''', and '''submarine fans''', are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale [[sediment deposition]] and formed by [[turbidity current]]s. They can be thought of as an underwater version of [[alluvial fans]] and can vary dramatically in size, with widths from several kilometres to several thousands of kilometres<ref>Gluyas, J. & Swarbrick, R. (2004) Petroleum Geoscience. Publ. Blackwell Publishing</ref> The largest is the [[Bengal Fan]], followed by the [[Indus River#Geology|Indus Fan]], but major fans are also found at the outlet of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]], [[Congo Deep-Sea Fan|Congo]], [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Clift | author2=Gaedicke | author3=Edwards | author4=Lee | author5=Hildebrand | author6=Amjad | author7=White | author8=Schlüter | name-list-style=amp | title=The stratigraphic evolution of the Indus Fan and the history of sedimentation in the Arabian Sea | year=2002 | journal=Marine Geophysical Researches | volume=23 | issue=3 | pages=223–245 | doi=10.1023/A:1023627123093 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Covault, J.A. | title=Submarine Fans and Canyon-Channel Systems: A Review of Processes, Products, and Models | url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/submarine-fans-and-canyon-channel-systems-a-24178428 | year=2011 | journal= Nature Education Knowledge | volume=3 | issue=10 | page=4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Shanmugam, G. | title=Submarine fans: A critical retrospective (1950–2015) | year=2016 | journal= Journal of Palaeogeography | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=110–184 | doi=10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011 | doi-access=free }}</ref> |
'''Abyssal fans''', also known as '''deep-sea fans''', '''underwater deltas''', and '''submarine fans''', are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale [[sediment deposition]] and formed by [[turbidity current]]s. They can be thought of as an underwater version of [[alluvial fans]] and can vary dramatically in size, with widths from several kilometres to several thousands of kilometres<ref>Gluyas, J. & Swarbrick, R. (2004) Petroleum Geoscience. Publ. Blackwell Publishing</ref> The largest is the [[Bengal Fan]], followed by the [[Indus River#Geology|Indus Fan]], but major fans are also found at the outlet of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]], [[Congo Deep-Sea Fan|Congo]], [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Clift | author2=Gaedicke | author3=Edwards | author4=Lee | author5=Hildebrand | author6=Amjad | author7=White | author8=Schlüter | name-list-style=amp | title=The stratigraphic evolution of the Indus Fan and the history of sedimentation in the Arabian Sea | year=2002 | journal=Marine Geophysical Researches | volume=23 | issue=3 | pages=223–245 | doi=10.1023/A:1023627123093 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Covault, J.A. | title=Submarine Fans and Canyon-Channel Systems: A Review of Processes, Products, and Models | url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/submarine-fans-and-canyon-channel-systems-a-24178428 | year=2011 | journal= Nature Education Knowledge | volume=3 | issue=10 | page=4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Shanmugam, G. | title=Submarine fans: A critical retrospective (1950–2015) | year=2016 | journal= Journal of Palaeogeography | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=110–184 | doi=10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011 | doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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*[[List of landforms#Coastal and oceanic landforms|List of oceanic landforms]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 20:14, 23 October 2020
Abyssal fans, also known as deep-sea fans, underwater deltas, and submarine fans, are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition and formed by turbidity currents. They can be thought of as an underwater version of alluvial fans and can vary dramatically in size, with widths from several kilometres to several thousands of kilometres[1] The largest is the Bengal Fan, followed by the Indus Fan, but major fans are also found at the outlet of the Amazon, Congo, Mississippi and elsewhere.[2][3][4]
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References
- ^ Gluyas, J. & Swarbrick, R. (2004) Petroleum Geoscience. Publ. Blackwell Publishing
- ^ Clift; Gaedicke; Edwards; Lee; Hildebrand; Amjad; White & Schlüter (2002). "The stratigraphic evolution of the Indus Fan and the history of sedimentation in the Arabian Sea". Marine Geophysical Researches. 23 (3): 223–245. doi:10.1023/A:1023627123093.
- ^ Covault, J.A. (2011). "Submarine Fans and Canyon-Channel Systems: A Review of Processes, Products, and Models". Nature Education Knowledge. 3 (10): 4.
- ^ Shanmugam, G. (2016). "Submarine fans: A critical retrospective (1950–2015)". Journal of Palaeogeography. 5 (2): 110–184. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011.
Sources
- "Turbidites Hold Great Potential for Deepwater Exploration" (PDF). Baker Hughes, Inc. 2000.[permanent dead link]
- Svetlana Kostic; Gary Parker (2004). "The Response of Turbidity Currents to a Canyon-Fan Transition: Internal Hydraulic Jumps and Depositional Signatures" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
- Allen, Philip & Allen, John, 2005. Basin Analysis: Principles and Applications. 2nd ed. Blackwell.
